2020高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧專項(xiàng)突破四閱讀理解專題之寫作目的題附答案

1、專題4閱讀理解專題之-寫作目的題【設(shè)問形式】寫作目的題常見設(shè)問形式：推斷寫作目的題的設(shè)問題干中常有purpose,或后面接表示目的的動(dòng)詞不定式，如:to,inorderto,meantto等。可以提問對(duì)整篇文章的目的，對(duì)文章某一段落或某一部分的目的，或者對(duì)某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖推斷。比如：1）Whatisthewriterspurposeinwritingthepassage?2）Whatisthepurposeofthe.partofthetext?3）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?4）Whatisthemainpurposeof.?5）.arementionedin

2、the.paragraphto.【考查方式】高考閱讀理解推斷寫作目的或意圖題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，推測(cè)作者的寫作意圖及應(yīng)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不會(huì)直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文章中提供的一些事實(shí)或表述來(lái)使讀者信服某種觀點(diǎn)或看法。此類題型主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確理解，分析和歸納總結(jié)作者闡述的問題及寫作手法的能力。推斷作者寫這篇文章的目的，要綜合考慮文章的主旨和文章的文體：1）寫作目的與文章主旨密切相關(guān)，因此，可以用略讀法，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主題句，抓出文章的主旨，然后通過主旨來(lái)推斷作者的寫作目的。通常議論文、新聞報(bào)道、說明文等，主題句多在開頭，可以快速推斷出作者

3、的寫作目的。2）作者的寫作目的還和文章的文體密切相關(guān)，所以我們可以通過分析文章的文體來(lái)做出推斷。議論文的目的通常是說服讀者接受或贊同作者的某一觀點(diǎn)或倡導(dǎo)某種做法。說明文的目的通常是使讀者獲得某種知識(shí)、提出某種建議、勸告或呼吁對(duì)某種現(xiàn)象或某個(gè)問題給予重視。記敘文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的經(jīng)歷，告訴讀者一個(gè)有趣的故事，讀者從中得到樂趣；如果是夾敘夾議的文章，目的一般是表達(dá)作者感悟或給讀者某種啟示。廣告類文章作者一般是推銷某種產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，所以目的通常是吸引更多的顧客、游客、讀者、觀眾等。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練【例題】1.2017全國(guó)卷BIfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoy

4、Hill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidntwantmeforthefilm-itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul-hestoodupforme.Idontknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.Thefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingtha

5、tfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技藝）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmaki

6、ngfunofeachother-butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyourefortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback-hewithhisNewmansOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandt

7、hefestival.PaulandIdidntseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.Hedbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidnttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidntneedalotofwords.27.Whatisth

8、eauthorspurposeinwritingthetest?A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.解析：B根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段中的“IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968”以及最后一段中的“Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago”可知，該篇文章的目的是回憶以為好朋友，所以選B項(xiàng)。2.2017全國(guó)卷1APacificScienceCenterGuideVisitPacificScienceCentersStoreD

9、ontforgettostopbyPacificScienceCentersStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorrememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLasterDome.HungryOurexhibitswillfeedyourmindbutwhataboutyourbody?Ourcafoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalsp

10、ecials.ThecafislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses.RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDe

11、skandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired.SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(熱情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.TodayPacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbeingsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityev

12、entsalloverWashingtonState.Itsanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.VtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.B.Toad

13、vertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCentershistory.A解析：根據(jù)最后一段的標(biāo)題“SupportPacificScienceCenter”和“VtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.”可知，本段旨在鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)樘窖罂茖W(xué)中心的發(fā)展捐款。【舉一反三】AKIPPschoolsworkcloselywithfamiliestocreateawelcomingschoolenvironme

14、ntwherestudentscansucceed.Throughphonecalls,emails,homevisits,andparent-teacherconferences,KIPPschoolsregularlycommunicatewithfamiliesabouttheirchildsacademicdevelopmenttohelpstudentsfromeducationallyunderservedcommunitiesdeveloptheknowledge,skills,character,andhabitsneededtosucceedincollegeandtheco

15、mpetitiveworldbeyond.Enroll(注冊(cè))ataKIPPSchoolKIPPschoolsaretuition-free,publicschoolsopentoallstudents.ToenrollyourchildinaKIPPschool,pleasecontacttheschoolinyourcommunitydirectlybyphoneoremail.AsafeandstructuredenvironmentStudentsneedphysicalandemotionalsafetyinordertotakerisksandlearnfromtheirsucce

16、ssesandtheir(mistakes.Ourschoolsprovideanenvironmentwithminimaldistractions干擾)andmoretimeforacademics,soourstudentsloveschoolandmaximizetheirlearning.Athree-waypartnershipBychoosingKIPP,students,parents,andteachersmakeacommitmenttoexcellence.Allthreepartiesareinittogether.Theysignanagreementcalledth

17、e“CommitmenttoExcellence,”whichensuresthateachwilldowhateverittakestohelpthestudentlearn.AllKIPPschoolsshareacommonapproachandyeteveryKIPPschoolisunique.Touraschooltobetterunderstandtheculture,schedule,andcurriculum.1.WhoareallowedtobeadmittedtoKIPPschools?A.Studentsfromallclasses.B.Studentswithgood

18、talents.C.Studentsfrompoorfamilies.D.Studentswithspecialeducation.2.WhydoesKIPPofferastructuredenvironmentforstudents?A.Tocommunicatewitheachother.B.Toreduceparentsworries.C.Tolengthenthetimeinlearning.D.Tosharetheirexperience.3.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toattracttourists.B.Tomakeasum

19、mary.C.Tointroducetheschool.D.Tomakeasuggestion.A篇【解析】本文是一篇廣告布告類短文閱讀。文章主要介紹了KIPP學(xué)校其特色，以及學(xué)校注冊(cè)、環(huán)境和三方合作等方面。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段KIPPschoolsaretuition-free,publicschoolsopentoallstudents.可知，KIPP學(xué)校招收各階層的學(xué)生。故選A。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段Ourschoolsprovideanenvironmentwithminimaldistractions(干擾)andmoretimeforacademics,soo

20、urstudentsloveschoolandmaximizetheirlearning.可知，KIPP學(xué)校提供約束的環(huán)境是為學(xué)生提供更多的時(shí)間在學(xué)業(yè)上。故選C。故3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知，此段建議如果想更好的了解該學(xué)校，可以到學(xué)校實(shí)地參觀。選D。BNearly20U.S.stateshavestartedcarryingoutformerpresidentBarackObamasCleanPowerPlan,whichplaceslimitsoncarbondioxideemissionsfrompowerplantsinanefforttoreducetheimpacts

21、ofclimatechange.Theplanhasbeeninlegallimbo(邊緣)forthepastyear.Yetscientistshavenowcalculatedanotheroutcomeofthepolicy:harmtocropyields(產(chǎn)量)iftheplaniscancelled.Alongwithcarbonpollution,coal-firedpowerplantsspew(噴出)pollutantsthatformwhatweknowassmog.Thecontributionofsmogtoincreasedratesofasthma哮喘)andpr

22、ematuredeathswasalreadyknown.Thenewresearchestimatestheextenttowhichsmog,underair-pollutionpolicies-4nplacebeforetheCleanPowerPlan,wouldlimitproductionin2020offourmajorcrops:corn,cotton,potatoesandsoybeans.LedbyenvironmentalengineerShannonL.Capps,nowatDrexelUniversity,theteamalsosketchedtheextent(to

23、whichthosecropproductionlosseswouldreduceunderthreenationwidescenarios方案).Oneimprovedtheefficiencyofindividualpowerplants.AnothermodeledapolicysimilartotheObamaplan,settingstateCO2emissionsgoalsfortheelectricitydepartment.Athirdestablishedataxoncarbonemissions,underwhichemissionsfellthemost.Butthegr

24、eatestdropinsmog-formingpollutantsandgreatestgainsincropyieldscamefrompoliciessuchastheCleanPowerPlan.Researcherscalculatedhowwelleachscenariowouldreducethepotentialproductivityloss(PPL)ofeachcrop.PPLisaprojectedvaluefor2020andindicateshowmuchcropgrowthwouldsufferbecauseofsmog.Scenario2mostcloselyag

25、reeswithresultsexpectedfromtheCleanPowerPlan.4.WhatsthemainpurposeofTheCleanPowerPlan?A.Tooffercleanpower,B.TolimitCO2emissions.C.Toslowclimatechange.D.Toincreasecropproduction.5.Thelatestresearchshowsthatsmogmaycause_.A.asthmaB.earlydeathsC.heartdiseaseD.cropproductionloss6.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Scenario3wasintendedtoincreasetaxes.B.Scenario2increasedcropyieldsmost