翻譯--詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法

1、 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換法(conversion) By conversion ,we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English necessarily word for word into Chinese. A good translator sh

2、ould try all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words in the original, if necessary, may be turned into words identical in meaning but different

3、 in part of speech, and the word order may also be changed.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換很多，主要是名詞,動(dòng)詞詞類之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。動(dòng)詞-名詞英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞，尤其是由名詞派生而來(lái)的動(dòng)詞在翻譯時(shí)往往轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞也就轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞。1。The inflammation is characterized by red,swelling,fever,and pain . 炎癥的特點(diǎn)是紅、腫、熱、痛。2。The visiting guests were escorted to theYellow Crane Tower last Sunday.上星期天，來(lái)訪的客

4、人和陪同人員一起參觀了黃鶴樓。3。Independent observers have commented favourably on the achievements you have made in this direction。有獨(dú)立見解的觀察家們對(duì)你們?cè)谶@方面取得的成就給予了很好的評(píng)價(jià)。4.The girl impressed her finacees relatives favourably with her vivacity and sense of humor. 這個(gè)女孩以她的活潑和幽默感給她的未婚夫的親戚們留下了極好的印象。5。As the war progressed， he

5、 would symbolize their frustrations ， the embodiment of all evils.隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的進(jìn)行，他成了他們受挫的象征，成了一切壞事的化身。6。A well-dressed man，who looked and talked like an American， got into the car. 一個(gè)穿著講究的人上了車，他的外表談吐卻像個(gè)美國(guó)人。Adj.-nounThey expect us in the Community to work out policies of aid and trade which will show a symp

6、athetic understanding of their own problems.它們期望我們歐洲共同體制定出對(duì)它們的問(wèn)題表示同情和理解的援助和貿(mào)易政策。And our small states will discover that capitalism, by its very nature, imperialistic and exploitative, and they become satellites to the capitalist state of Europe and America.而我們這些小國(guó)將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，資本主義就其本性而言，就是帝國(guó)主義，就是剝削，我們小國(guó)會(huì)變成歐

7、美資本主義國(guó)家和衛(wèi)星國(guó)。英語(yǔ)的名詞和介詞-漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞由于漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞使用頻率大大高于英語(yǔ)，因此，在英漢翻譯中，常把名詞、介詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞。1.The growing awareness by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.比較：譯文1：數(shù)以百萬(wàn)記的非洲人對(duì)于他們非常貧窮落后的生活條件的日益覺(jué)醒促使他們采取堅(jiān)決的措辭，創(chuàng)造新的生活條件。譯文2：數(shù)以百萬(wàn)記

8、的非洲人逐漸意識(shí)到他們的生活狀況異常貧窮落后，這就促使他們奮起采取堅(jiān)決措施去創(chuàng)造新的生活條件。2.The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising career and study music.我的生活轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)是，我決定不再做生財(cái)有望的商人而專攻音樂(lè)。3.It would not be easy to talk in general terms about Western Europe as a unit, with its differences of climate and culture, its mou

9、ntains ,plains and coasts.西歐諸國(guó)氣候不同，文化各異，山巒、平原、海岸各具特色，要想把西歐作為整體加以綜述，可不是件容易的事。The sea thundered on,over and past, and as it roared by it revealed a hideous sight.海浪狂嘯著滾來(lái)，如泰山壓頂一般，又怒吼著滾遠(yuǎn),巨浪過(guò)處,一片浪籍。短文： Every child in Britain must by law receive full-time education from the age of five to fifteen. If a ch

10、ild fail to attend school, a school Attendence Officer will come to his house to find out why, and if there is no good reason the parents may be prosecuted. But the parents themselves have a certain amount of choice as to what school the child goes to. In fact they could educate the child themselves

11、 if they wished, provided their time-table, method and equipment were approved by all inspectors.名詞-形容詞1. I can note the grace of her gesture. 我可以看到她優(yōu)雅的舉止。2.We have seen the beauty of Mt Tai. 我們領(lǐng)略了美麗的泰山。3.You have pass from the heat and glare of big open square into a cool, dark cavern.你從一個(gè)巨大的露天廣場(chǎng)上炎

12、熱而耀眼的陽(yáng)光中進(jìn)入涼爽陰暗的洞穴。4。Even in these days， when divorce is so easy and family ties are supposed to be weak， it would probably be a mistake to underestimate the influence of families on presidential policies.即使在家庭紐帶十分脆弱，離婚成了常事的今天，如果低估了家庭在總統(tǒng)政治中的影響力，那也會(huì)是錯(cuò)誤的。Adv-adj1.The English language has changed subtly

13、 and pervasively. 英語(yǔ)的變化很敏感、很普遍。2. Hopefully, it will be done early next month.下月初完成這件工作是大有希望的。3.She chirped, blinking her eyes happily.她唧唧喳喳地叫著，兩眼閃出快樂(lè)的光芒。其他轉(zhuǎn)換adjadv。He had a careful study of the map before he started off./ Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence.Nounadv: He had the hono

14、ur to attend the congress. The man nodded with satisfaction.Advnoun: It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the Soviet Union. 官方宣布，他們就給蘇聯(lián)的復(fù)信取得了一致的意見。Adj-noun:Official Cairo is taking pains to create impression as if its relations with East have remained untouched.開羅官方千方百計(jì)想制造一種印象，

15、好象它同東方國(guó)家的關(guān)系仍然沒(méi)有受到影響。1.Vietnamese war is a drain on American resources. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)不斷地消耗美國(guó)的資源.2.I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.我非常感謝父親,因?yàn)樵谖倚〉臅r(shí)候他總是不斷地鼓勵(lì)我。3.Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.4.The woman, with her two daugh

16、ters, arrived.5. My suggestion is that he should quit smoking.6.It is my conviction that though men may be no more wicked than they always have been, they seem less likelyto be ashamed. 我相信，人們雖然未必比以前還要不講道德，但似乎要比以前更加不知羞恥. 7.The happiness of having such a sister was their first effusion, and the fair

17、ladies mingled in embraces and tears of joy. 她們首先傾吐了要做姑嫂的喜悅，兩位小姐高興地一次次擁抱，灑下了欣喜的淚花。（effusion 是個(gè)帶有動(dòng)作意味的名詞，意為unrestrained expreesion of feeling，翻譯時(shí)可順從漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，將其譯成動(dòng)詞“傾吐”。）8。I saw that his face was pale.I followed his eyes and looked across the room to a woman who was setting a tray of drinks before some c

18、ustomers.我見他臉色煞白。我循著他的目光，看到餐廳那邊有個(gè)女人端著托盤給幾位客人上飲料。9.Father passed his face over his face.父親用手摸了摸臉。 練習(xí)1.She had an erectness of carriage, and ease of bearing,a poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding.2.American architects have invaded the Middle East to direct the most ambitious building program in the world:huge airports, sprawling universities, ultra-modern office building, even new cities.3.Today,we are still stirred