高中英語過去分詞用法詳解PPT課件(PPT 68頁)

1、1.作狀語2.作定語4.作表語3.作賓補過去分詞Grammar第1頁，共68頁。過去分詞 過去分詞是非謂語動詞的一種形式,表示完成和被動的動作。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)狀語、定語等成分。第2頁，共68頁。過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語過去分詞表完成、被動, 與主句主語之間是被動關(guān)系; 現(xiàn)在分詞表進行、主動, 與主句主語之間是主動關(guān)系。如果一個被動的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前, 則可使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式或過去分詞。一、過去分詞作狀語第3頁，共68頁。過去分詞表完成、被動, 作狀語時, 其邏輯主語是主句的主語, 且與主語之間存在著被動關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語可表時間、原因、 讓步、 結(jié)果、 方式、 條件等。第4頁

2、，共68頁。觀察下列的句子:Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. PP作時間狀語, 相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句有時過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強調(diào)時間概念。第5頁，共68頁。過去分詞作時間狀語1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into wat

3、er.第6頁，共68頁。2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. 第7頁，共68頁。過去分詞作原因狀語1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given

4、advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.第8頁，共68頁。2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.第9頁，共68頁。過去分詞作條件或者假設(shè)狀語1. If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.

5、Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.第10頁，共68頁。2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.第11頁，共68頁。作方式或伴隨情況狀語1. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed b

6、y his dog.第12頁，共68頁。2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought. lost 表示一種迷失心理狀態(tài)第13頁，共68頁。1) 過去分詞在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語等。2) 過去分詞作狀語時,過去分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語一致。Summary第14頁，共68頁。過去分詞作狀語:過去分詞有兩大特點：1. 表示被動的動作；2. 表示已經(jīng)完成的動作, 因此,當(dāng)過去分詞作狀語的時候一定要搞清楚分詞與主語的邏輯關(guān)系被

7、動, 例如:第15頁，共68頁。Rewrite with proper conjunctions1. United we stand, divided we fail. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fail.Example: 第16頁，共68頁。2. Asked what had happened, he told us about it. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.3. Well known for his

8、 expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.第17頁，共68頁。4. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much bet

9、ter. 5. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.第18頁，共68頁。6. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medic

10、ine, she decided to become a doctor.7. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.第19頁，共68頁。用過去分詞作狀語來改寫句子。1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. _ , I was unsettled for the first few da

11、ys.Worried about the journey第20頁，共68頁。2. If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player. _, hell make a first-class tennis player.3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Given timeConfused by the new surround

12、ings第21頁，共68頁。4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. _ _, he became tense. Questioned by the police about the fire第22頁，共68頁。Find out the sentences with same meaning.1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Worried about the jour

13、ney, I was unsettled for the first few days.第23頁，共68頁。2. While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Confused by the new surrounding, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.3. As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. Exhausted, I slid into bed and f

14、ell fast asleep.第24頁，共68頁。1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.we followed (跟著那個老人, 我們上去了)2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were) (被那個老人跟著, 我們上去了)Compare第25頁，共68頁。3. 從上面看,體育場好像一個鳥巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen4. 從太空看, 宇航員看不到長城。 _ from t

15、he space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. SeenB A 第26頁，共68頁。Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊._ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用. _ at her, he jumped with joy._at by her, he

16、 jumped with joy.UsedUsingLookingLooked第27頁，共68頁。注意: 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞, 關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出, 分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。第28頁，共68頁。Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb. 1) _ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room.2) The lady returned home, _ by two p

17、olicemen.frighten trap follow shootFrightenedfollowed第29頁，共68頁。3) If _ in a burning building, you should send for help.4) Although _in the leg, he continued firing at the police.trapped shot第30頁，共68頁。二、過去分詞作定語 過去分詞作定語與其所修飾的詞之間存在著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系, 且表示該動作已經(jīng)完成。單個的過去分詞作定語, 通常置于被修飾的詞的前面, 而分詞短語作定語, 則須置于被修飾詞的后面。第3

18、1頁，共68頁。1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 上星期我們組織了一次去森林的旅行。2. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今天發(fā)出的信后天就能收到。第32頁，共68頁。分詞作定語可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句:He worked as a worker building roads. (主動) =He worked as a worker who/ that built roads. This is a picture painted

19、 by my father. (被動) =This is a picture which was painted by my father.第33頁，共68頁。I know the young man sleeping on the bench. (在進行) =I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. (已完成)=The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomor

20、row.第34頁，共68頁。THANK YOUSUCCESS2022/7/2135可編輯第35頁，共68頁。過去分詞短語有時亦可用作非限制性定語, 前后常有逗號。Some of them, born and brought up in country villages, had never seen a train.他們當(dāng)中有一些人, 生長在農(nóng)村, 從未見過火車。 第36頁，共68頁。過去分詞作定語有前置和后置兩種情況:單個的過去分詞作定語, 通常放在被修飾的名詞之前, 表示被動和完成意義。1.前置定語第37頁，共68頁。 被動意義：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 (受傷的

21、工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B. 完成意義a retired teacher 一位退休的教師They are cleaning _ (落葉) in the yard.The injured workersthe fallen leaves第38頁，共68頁。2. 后置定語 過去分詞短語作定語時, 通常放在被修飾的名詞之后, 它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests i

22、nvited (= ) to your part last night?that has ever been writtenwho had been invited第39頁，共68頁。如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時，即使一個單一的分詞作形容詞用，也要放在被修飾詞的后面。 如: Is there anything unsolved? There is noting changed here since I left this town. 注意: 第40頁，共68頁。三、過去分詞作賓補1. 從時間上:

23、表動作已經(jīng)完成 come, go, fall, change(表位移, 變化的 不及物動詞) I found the countryside changed a lot. 2. 從語態(tài)上: 表被動 I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.第41頁，共68頁。過去分詞作賓補1. 表“希望, 要求”的動詞： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to be) doneI want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.

24、2. 表“感覺, 心理狀態(tài)”的動詞：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think+ object + p.p.We saw the thief caught by the police.People found the water polluted.第42頁，共68頁。3. 使役動詞: make, get, have, keep I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.= I want to get the barber to cut my hair.= I want to let the barber cut my ha

25、ir.4. 介詞短語作賓補with, without + n. + p.p.Do you know the man with his hands tied back?They left without a dish touched.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behinds his back . A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tiedD第43頁，共68頁。四、過去分詞作表語1. 用作表語的過去分詞被動意味很弱, 主要表示 動作的完成和狀態(tài), 此時相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。2.

26、被動語態(tài)的過去分詞動詞意味很強, 句子主語 為動作的承受者, 后面常跟by短語。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom. The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.第44頁，共68頁。3. 表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如: interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表語,表示狀態(tài), 其中有些僅表示狀態(tài), 毫

27、無被動意味。如:第45頁，共68頁。 She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners. How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results.第46頁，共68頁。Cleaning women in big citie

28、s usually get _ by the hour.過去分詞作表語C解析: 該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌o pay sb. by the hour” 計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有: get burnt, get hurt , get woundedA. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay第47頁，共68頁。1) The rooms are _, so you cant move in. A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted2) As soon as he entered

29、 the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost 3) What he has done is really _. Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by CDC第48頁，共68頁。1. The Olympic G

30、ames, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing考點點撥C 簡析: 首先, 根據(jù)語法分析可知, 待選部分是一個作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games的后置分詞短語; 再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對于動詞 play 來說只能是被動承受, 且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此, 該題應(yīng)選C。第49頁，共68頁。2. Whats the language _ in G

31、ermany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 簡析: 測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動,等于定語從句 which is spoken。B 第50頁，共68頁。3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 簡析: 測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動, 等于定語從句who were invited。A 第51頁，共68頁。4. The comp

32、uter centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡析: 測試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后, 可以用非限制性定語從句“which was opened last year”代替。D 第52頁，共68頁。5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

33、 A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 簡析: 測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動, 等于定語從句which were written。D 第53頁，共68頁。另外, 分詞作狀語時, 如果其邏輯主語與整個句子的主語不一致時, 需要獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代。(此時, 也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補足語)第54頁，共68頁。例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having

34、tied C. to be tied D. tied簡析: 很顯然, 待選部分的邏輯主語是 his hands, 而不是句子的主語 The murderer, 而 his hands 對于動詞 tie來說,只能是被動承受。因此, 該題應(yīng)選D。 D 第55頁，共68頁。6. When _ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money was not important. A. asked B. asking C. having asked D. being askedA 7. Yesterday I saw in the new

35、spaper a teaching post _ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it. A. advertises B. advertising C. advertised D. to advertiseC 第56頁，共68頁。8. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given D9. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a

36、novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring A第57頁，共68頁。10. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 11. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C

37、. being completed D. to be completedAA第58頁，共68頁。12. If _ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 13. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding CC第59頁，共68頁。1. I like reading the novels _ (write ) by Zhang Ailing.2. The girl _ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin.3. There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _ (repair).writtenwritingrepairedFilling in the blanks.第60頁，共68頁。4. I want the doors of my new house _ (paint) white.