[中學(xué)聯(lián)盟]浙江省溫州市嘯秋中學(xué)高中英語必修2課件：unit2--grammer直引和間引2

1、Grammar直接引語和間接引語Direct and Indirect SpeechS: My name is Sally.T: She said that her name was Sally.S: I want to be teachers when I grow up.T: She said that she wanted to be teachers when she grew up.Direct speechIndirect speech直接引語：直接引述別人的原話 間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話一、定義-什么叫做直接引語和間接引語？二、直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)化類型1) He sa

2、id , “Im going to Beijing.” He said that he was going to Beijing.2) He asked, “Are you a doctor?” He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.3) She said , “What are you doing?” She asked me what I was doing.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述陳述句 的轉(zhuǎn)化 轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問一般疑問句 的轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題特殊疑問句 的轉(zhuǎn)化Jane said to her friend, “I want to watch TV. ”Jan

3、e told her friends (that) she wanted to watch TV .1.陳述句從直接引語到間接引語的解題步驟：Jane told her friends (that)she wanted to watch TV.1.said to變成told2. 用that引導(dǎo)間接引語，可省略3.注意人稱代詞和時(shí)態(tài)的變化 1.陳述句2.一般疑問句 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my English. 間接

4、引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，原主句中謂語動(dòng)詞said要改為asked(me/him/us等)，語序是陳述句的語序 They asked himif/whetherIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.They asked him if /whether it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.2.一般疑問句從直接引語到間接引語的解題步驟：They said to him, I

5、s it easy to improve the condition of the soil?3：間接引語改成陳述句語序1：主句改為asked2：用if/whether引導(dǎo)間接引語，表示“是否”4：注意時(shí)態(tài)問題 Tom asked me, “Are you going to learn English?”Tom asked whether/if I was going to learn English.3.特殊疑問句 He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. 原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用as

6、k(sb. )來表達(dá)，語序改為陳述句語序 特殊疑問句：“When do you harvest the wheat ?” they asked him.( They asked him )They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.2. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.The teacher asked me why I was late ag

7、ain.1Tom asked me, “ Who is your brother?” Tom asked me who my brother is. 4.選擇疑問句 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 用whetheror表達(dá)，而不用ifor，也不用eithe

8、ror 5.祈使句 直接引語是祈使句時(shí)，用ask / tell / order sb. ( not ) to do sth. 句式?！癙lease come with me, Tom,” said the teacher. -The teacher asked Tom to go with him.“Dont run so quickly,” Mr. Black said to him. - Mr. Black told him not to run so quickly.直接引語間接引語（陳述句一般疑問句特殊疑問句）四部走：做判斷變?nèi)朔Q(和中文里的邏輯是一樣的，要符合常理)變時(shí)態(tài)變指示代詞、

9、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及方位性動(dòng)詞特殊變時(shí)態(tài)直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)The boy said that he liked the teacher.The boy said, “ I like the teacher.”現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)He said,“ I am watching TV.”He said that he was watching TV.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)Tom said,“ I have drunk the milk.”Tom said that he had drunk the milk.變時(shí)態(tài)直接引語間接引語一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)They said that t

10、hey had seen her in the street. They said, “We saw her in the street.”過去完成時(shí)不變He said,“ I had finished my work before lunch.”He said that he had finished his work before lunch.一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)Tom said,“ I ll do ittomorrow.”Tom said that he would do it tomorrow.The geography teacher told us that the sun ris

11、es in the east and sets in the west.謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化需要注意幾點(diǎn)：1.直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.2. 如果直接引語所強(qiáng)調(diào)的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在仍然存在，時(shí)態(tài)可不變Miss Zhang said, “I am a teacher.”Miss Zhang said she is

12、a teacher.3.主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，在引述時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.” 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞可直接用引語中的said, 也可用told來代替， 注意，可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that， 不可直接說told that 直接引語 間接引語指示代詞 時(shí) 間 狀 語 地點(diǎn)狀語 方向性動(dòng)詞 this, that, these those now, then, today that day this week that week yesterda

13、y the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext month the next month here there come, go,bring take 直接引語中的助動(dòng)詞間接引語中的助動(dòng)詞shallshouldwillwouldmaymightcancouldmustshouldshould（不變）wouldwould（不變）mightmight（不變）could

14、could（不變）must/had to直接引語和間接引語(二)祈使句變間接引語的用法一.1）直接引語如果是肯定的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞不定式之前用tell(讓)，ask(請(qǐng))，order(命令)，command(命令)，warn(警告)，advise(建議)等含有祈使意義的動(dòng)詞。tell/ask/order/command sb.to do sth.“Hurry up.” he said.He told me to hurry up.2）若祈使句為否定式，在動(dòng)詞不定式之前加nottell/ask/order/command sb.not to do sth.He said to th

15、em，“Dont go out.”He ordered them not to go out.二有些表建議、要求或勸告的祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，可用suggest，offer等動(dòng)詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述，此時(shí)注意這些詞的固定搭配。He said，“Lets go to the school.”He suggested that we (should) go to the school.三直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)，間接引語可以用what/how引導(dǎo)，也可用that.She said，“What a lovely day it is！”She said what a lovely day it was.或：She sa

16、id that it was a lovely day. 注意：有些感嘆句的轉(zhuǎn)述要根據(jù)原句的 意思采用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞變?yōu)殛愂鼍??！癏appy New Year！” he said.He wished me a Happy New Year.【鏈接訓(xùn)練】“Dont give up the hope before you really try hard.” Sam said.變間接引語為_Sam told me not to give up the hope before I really tried hard.【解析】祈使句變間接引語時(shí)常用ask/tell sb.(not) to do sth.，注

17、意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化?！癢ill you come here next Sunday？” Sunny asked.變間接引語為 _ASunny told us to come here next Sunday.BSunny told us to go there next Sunday.CSunny asked if we would go there the next Sunday.DSunny asked us to come here the next Sunday.【解析】一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g引時(shí)用if或whether前面用ask，come變成go,時(shí)間狀語加the【答案】CWhat did the doctor say?He _ Jim to _ in bed for 2 days.Asaid；lie Badvised；layCadvised；lain Dtold；lie【解析】考查間接引語中動(dòng)詞的選用及搭配。tell sb. to do sth.“告訴某人做某事”；say sb. to