專四語法(主要句子結(jié)構(gòu))-共18頁課件

1、句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子的劃分I. 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：簡單句S+V（主+謂）eg. Internet dating hurts.S+V+P(主+謂+表) I am a teacher. Still water runs deep. 靜水流深。 S+V+O（主+謂+賓）I like chatting online. She is doing her homework.S+V+o+O（主+謂+間賓+直賓）eg. I lend her some money.S+V+O+C（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）eg. She often asks me to help her. 雙賓語英語中，有些及物動詞可以接兩個(gè)賓語，即指人的間接賓

2、語和指物的直接賓語，這兩個(gè)賓語稱為雙賓語。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語。如：My parents bought me a computer.雙賓語用法要點(diǎn) 1、間接賓語可以改為由介詞to或for引起的短語，放在直接賓語后面。eg. He gave her some chips. = He gave some chips to her. 2、以下幾種情況通常要用介詞to或for引起的短語：1)當(dāng)直接賓語是人稱代詞(it/them)時(shí)。eg. This book is Mr Wangs. Please give it to him. 2)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語時(shí)。eg. Mother cook

3、s meals for us every day. 3)當(dāng)間接賓語比直接賓語長一些時(shí)。eg. On the bus, she often gives her seat to the old person. 3、由to引出間接賓語的動詞有：give, show, pass, lend, take, tell, write, send, hand, bring等；由for引出間接賓語的動詞有：buy, make, cook, get, sing, read, build, choose, cut, do, find, fix, leave, order等復(fù)合賓語英語中有些及物動詞接了賓語之后還需接

4、賓語補(bǔ)足語來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的有關(guān)情況，否則句子意思就不完整。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語合稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：“主語及物動詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”。能作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞、形容詞、動詞-ing形式、動詞不定式、介詞短語等。eg. He made us laugh.復(fù)合賓語用法要點(diǎn) 1、常接形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：keep, make, find等。eg. We must keep our classroom clean. 2、常接名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：call, name, make, think等。eg. We call them mooncakes. 3、常接動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動

5、詞有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。eg. In the country, we can hear birds singing. 4、常接介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：keep, find, leave等。eg. I left my pen on my desk at home. 5、常接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等；接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：see, watch, hear, make, let等。eg. I often see him play football. She

6、often asks me to help her. 判斷其是雙賓語還是復(fù)合賓語要看賓語與其后面的成分之間的關(guān)系：如果賓語與其后成分之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系(或主表關(guān)系)，那么該動詞所接的是復(fù)合賓語，否則就是雙賓語。eg. Who kept you waiting so long? (賓語you與waiting之間存在著主謂關(guān)系，因此you waiting是復(fù)合賓語。) 并列句 and, but, or, so, for, etc.eg. I like action movies but dont like thrillers. Id better take an umbrella, for

7、 it is going to rain. 復(fù)合句：名詞從句（賓，主，表，同） 副詞從句（狀語從句） 形容詞從句（定語從句）II. 根據(jù)功能劃分： 陳述句疑問句一般疑問句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句eg. Do you like tea or（do you like）coffee？反意疑問句eg. You have completed that job, havent you? 祈使句用以表示請求，命令，勸告，建議等語氣的句子。主語You 常省略，只以動詞原形開頭。一般沒有時(shí)態(tài)變化，不與情態(tài)動詞連用。Stop bugging me.Dont judge a book by its cover.Lets

8、 hope for the best.Let bygones be bygones.Make hay while sun shines.曬草要趁太陽好。（抓住有利時(shí)機(jī)。）感嘆句主要由what和how來引導(dǎo)。What 結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種A. What a(n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+謂語！eg. What a lovely boy he is!B. What + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語部分！ eg. What foolish mistakes you have made. What nice weather (it is)!C. What + a(n) +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)！ How 結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種：A. How+形容詞/副詞+主謂部分eg. How lovely the boy is! How fast the