講義tpo35解析reading passage2答案版by

1、TPO35 Reading KeysPassage 2Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century EuropeParagraph 1Because of industrialization, but also because of a vast increase in agriculturaloutput without which industrialization would have been imsible, WesternEuropeans by the latter half of the nineteenth century enjoyed h

2、igher standards ofliving and longer, healthier livesn most of the worlds peoples. In Europe as awhole, the population rose from 188 million in 1800 to 400 million in 1900. By 1900,virtually every area of Europe had contributed to the tremendourge ofpopulation, but eaajor region was at a different st

3、age of demographic change.Paragraph 2Improvementshe food supply continued trendsd startedhe lateseventeenth century. New lands were put under cultivation, while the use of crops ofAmerican origin, particularly the poo, continued to expand. Setbacks did occur.Regional agricultural failures were the m

4、ost common cause of economic reuntil 1850, and they could lead to localized famine as well. A major poso blight(disease) in 1846-1847 led to the deaths ofeast one millions in Ireland andthe emigration of another million, and Ireland never recovered the population levelsthe poo had sustained tot po.

5、Bad grain harvests at the same time led toincreased hardship throughout much of Europe.Paragraph 3After 1850, however, the population growth, thoughexpanof foods more regularly kept pace withthe poorer classes remained malnourished. Two, the application of science and new technology todevelopments w

6、ere crul.agriculture increased. Led by German universities, increasing research was devotedto improving seeds, develochemical fertilizers, and advancing livestock. After1861, with the development of land-grant universitieshe United Sesdhuge agricultural programs, American crop-production research ad

7、ded to this mix.Mechanization included the use of horse-drawn harvesters and seed drills, manydeveloped initiallyand other food-prohe United Ssing devies. It also included mechanical cream separatorst improved supply.Q15 The phrase kept pace withhe passage is closesteaning toA.B.C.D.exceededmatched

8、the increase in increased the rate of caused正確: B：回到原文 “After 1850, however, the expanof foods more regularlypopulation growth, though the poorer classes remained malnourished”，這句話主句和從句是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，從句中的意思是“在營(yíng)養(yǎng)方面仍然跟不上”， 所以轉(zhuǎn)折之前主句中的意思應(yīng)該是食品的數(shù)量是跟得上人口數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)的。選 matched the increase in，有“與 XX 齊頭并進(jìn)”之意。exceed “超過(guò)”；in

9、creasethe rate of “使XX 的速率增長(zhǎng)”；cause，“使 XX 發(fā)生”。建議考生匯的意思。掌握這些詞Paragraph 4The second development involved industrially based transporion. With trainsandship, it becamesible to move foods to needy regions withinWestern Europe quickly. Famine (as oped to malnutrition) became a thing of thepast. Many West

10、ern European countries, headed by Britain, begso to importincreasing amounts of food, not only from Eastern Europe, a traditional source, butalso from the Americas, Australia, andimproved speed and capacity, as wellNew Zealand.ship, whichas new procedures for canning andrefrigeratingdevelopments.foo

11、ds(particularlyafter1870),wasfundamentaltotheseQ16 The word capacityhe passage is closesteaning toA.B.C.D.variety of goodsdistance reliabilityavailable storage space正確：D：回到原文 “ship, which improved speed and, as well asnew procedures for canning and refrigerating foods (particularly after 1870), wasf

12、undamental to these developments.”意思是“提高了速度和的蒸汽，以及新的灌裝和冷凍方法（特別是 1870 年后），都對(duì)這些發(fā)展有非常基本的推動(dòng)作用”。描述的都是方法上的因此選D。，所以和“速度”對(duì)應(yīng)的是“擴(kuò)大空間”，Paragraph 5Europes population growth included one additional innovation by the nineteenthcentury: it combined with raurbanization. More and more Western Europeansmoved from cou

13、ntryside to city, and big cities grew most raly of all. By 1850, overhalf of all the people in England lived in cities, ain human history. In onse,this pattern seems inevitable: growing numbers ofpeople pressed availableresouron the land, even when farm work wascombined wibit ofmanufacturing, so peo

14、ple crowdedo cities seekingwork or other resour.Traditionally, however, death rates in citierpassed thosehe countryside by acapacitypace withkeptlarge margin; cities had maained population only through steadyigration.Thus raurbanization should have reduced overall population growth, but by themiddle

15、 of the nineteenth century this was no longer the case. Urban death ratesremained high, particularlyhe lower-class slums, but they began to declineraly.Paragraph 1Because of industrialization, but also because of a vast increase in agriculturaloutput without which industrialization would have been i

16、msible, WesternEuropeans by the latter half of the nineteenth century enjoyed higher standards ofliving and longer, healthier livesn most of the worlds peoples. In Europe as awhole, the population rose from 188 million in 1800 to 400 million in 1900. By 1900,virtually every area of Europe had contri

17、buted to the tremendourge ofpopulation, but eaajor region was at a different stage of demographic change.Q17 According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about Europenineteenth centuryA. A large increase in food production led to industrialization.heBPopulation changes occurred at the sa

18、me pacehe major regions.ost parts of the world.C.The standard of living rose to the level oftD.The tremendous rise in population led to greater agricultural output in everyregion.Paragraph 1 is marked wirrows .正確：A：根據(jù)題干中提到的Europehe nineteen century 定位到第一段的第一句話?！癰ecause of a vast increase in agricult

19、ural output without which industrializationwould have been imsible”即“沒(méi)有農(nóng)業(yè)的大量產(chǎn)出， 工業(yè)化是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的?！迸c選項(xiàng) A 對(duì)應(yīng)。B 錯(cuò)，是因?yàn)槿丝谠鲩L(zhǎng)不是“at the same pacehe samerigions”; C 錯(cuò)，是生活質(zhì)量的改善沒(méi)有遍及到“most parts of the world”；D 選項(xiàng)與A 選項(xiàng)講得完全不一致。Paragraph 2Improvementshe food supply continued trendsd startedhe lateseventeenth century. N

20、ew lands were put under cultivation, while the use of crops ofAmerican origin, particularly the poo, continued to expand. Setbacks did occur.Regional agricultural failures were the most common cause of economic reuntil 1850, and they could lead to localized famine as well. A major poso blight(diseas

21、e) in 1846-1847 led to the deaths ofeast one millions in Ireland andthe emigration of another million, and Ireland never recovered the population levelsthe poo had sustained tot po. Bad grain harvests at the same time led toincreased hardship throughout much of Europe.Q18 According to paragraph 2, w

22、hich of the following caused the food supply toincreaseost of Western Europe during the nineteenth centuryA.Replacement of seventeenth-century farming techniques with more modernonesB.C.D.Improved grain harvestsost European countriesReduced demand for food as a result of a decreased populationUse of

23、 new land to grow cropsParagraph 2 is marked win arrow .正確：D：第一段的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)是這樣的：首句講糧食作物量持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，第二句講新的田地被使用來(lái)種植越來(lái)越多的作物，特別是土豆，接下來(lái)講但是其間也是遇見(jiàn)過(guò)作物生長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期的，然后具體舉例子說(shuō)明。所以與這道題題干對(duì)應(yīng)的是第二句，是 new lands 的使用促進(jìn)了糧食供應(yīng)。所以選A。Q19 In paragraph 2, why does the author mention the poIreland?o blightt occurred inA.To identify a cropWester

24、n Europet was more sucsfulhe United Sesn it was inB.C.To support a claim about regional agricultural failuresTo give an example of a problematic trend seventeenth centuryd startedhe lateD.To provide evidencet many countries in Europe experienced a loss ofpopulationhe nineteenth centuryParagraph 2 is

25、 marked win arrow .正確：B：根據(jù)題干的內(nèi)容，定位到 “A major poo blight (disease) in 1846-1847 led tothe deaths ofeast one millions in Ireland and the emigration of anothermillion, and Ireland never recovered the population levels the poo had sustainedt po”，提到 poo blight 造成了愛(ài)爾蘭人口的急劇下降，并且后來(lái)人口to數(shù)量也沒(méi)有再恢復(fù)到以前的水平。這個(gè)例子和下一

26、句的例子都是都前面“Regional agricultural failures.”這個(gè)論點(diǎn)的支持性實(shí)例。Paragraph 5Europes population growth included one additional innovation by the nineteenthcentury: it combined with raurbanization. More and more Western Europeansmoved from countryside to city, and big cities grew most raly of all. By 1850, overha

27、lf of all the people in England lived in cities, ain human history. In onse,this pattern seems inevitable: growing numbers ofpeople pressed availableresouron the land, even when farm work wascombined wibit ofmanufacturing, so people crowdedo cities seekingworkor other resour.Traditionally, however,

28、death rates in citierpassed thosehe countryside by alarge margin; cities had maained population only throughsteadyigration.Thus raurbanization should have reduced overall population growth, but by themiddle of the nineteenth century this was no longer the case. Urban death ratesremained high, partic

29、ularlyhe lower-class slums, but they began to declineraly.Q20 The word inevitablehe passage is closesteaning toA.B.C.D.unexplainableundesirable unavoidable unpredictable正確：C：通過(guò)上下文可以推斷出這個(gè)詞的意思，“More and more Western Europeansmoved from countryside to city. In onse, this pattern seems inevitable:on the

30、 land.” 都是在說(shuō)城growing numbers of people pressed available resour市化進(jìn)程勢(shì)不可擋。所以選 C， inevitable，unavoidable“不可避免地“；unexplainable “不可解釋的”； undesirable “不想要的”；unpredictable “不可預(yù)知的”；建議考生利用詞根詞綴法掌握這些詞匯。Paragraph 3After 1850, however, the population growth, thoughexpanof foods more regularly kept pace withthe p

31、oorer classes remained malnourished. Two, the application of science and new technology todevelopments were crul.agriculture increased. Led by German universities, increasing research was devotedto improving seeds, develochemical fertilizers, and advancing livestock. After1861, with the development

32、of land-grant universitieshe United Sesdhuge agricultural programs, American crop-production research added to this mix.Mechanization included the use of horse-drawn harvesters and seed drills, manydeveloped initiallyand other food-prohe United Ssing devies. It also included mechanical cream separat

33、orst improved supply.Q21 According to paragraph 3, all of the following factors helped the supply of foodmeet the needs of a growing population EXCEPTA.B.C.D.increased agricultural research in Germanyroduction of new cropsdevelopment of food-prosing deviagricultural programs in universitieshe United

34、 SesParagraph 3 is marked win arrow .正確：B：注意題目問(wèn)的是哪個(gè)沒(méi)有提到。A 在“Led by German universities,increasing research”提到；C 在最后一句“and other food-prosing devit improved supply”提到；D 在“he United Sesd huge agricultralprograms”提到；只有 B 沒(méi)有被提及，所以選B。Paragraph 4The second development involved industrially based transpori

35、on. With trainsandship, it becamesible to move foods to needy regions withinWestern Europe quickly. Famine (as oped to malnutrition) became a thing of thepast. Many Western European countries, headed by Britain, begso to importincreasing amounts of food, not only from Eastern Europe, a traditional s

36、ource, butalso from the Americas, Australia, andimproved speed and capacity, as wellNew Zealand.ship, whichas new procedures for canning andrefrigeratingdevelopments.foods(particularlyafter1870),wasfundamentaltotheseQ22 According to paragraph 4, famine became less of a problem in Western Europedurin

37、g the nineteenth century because ofA.B.C.D.the decline of malnutritionthe construction of more food-storage facilitiesfaster means of transporionimproved agricultural methods in Eastern EuropeParagraph 4 is marked win arrow .正確：C：定位到With trains andship, it becamesible to move foods toneedy regions w

38、ithin Western Europe quickly. Famine became of thing of the past.上下文的邏輯關(guān)系是“因?yàn)槭澄锬軌蛄恕?，所以選 C。到需要的地方，饑荒也隨之不復(fù)存在Paragraph 5Europes population growth included one additional innovation by the nineteenthcentury: it combined with raurbanization. More and more Western Europeansmoved from countryside to city,

39、and big cities grew most raly of all. By 1850, overhalf of all the people in England lived in cities, ain human history. In onse,this pattern seems inevitable: growing numbers ofpeople pressed availableresouron the land, even when farm work wascombined wibit ofmanufacturing, so people crowdedo citie

40、s seekingworkor other resour.Traditionally, however, death rates in citierpassed thosehe countryside by alarge margin; cities had maained population only throughsteadyigration.Thus raurbanization should have reduced overall population growth, but by themiddle of the nineteenth century this was no lo

41、nger the case. Urban death ratesremained high, particularlyhe lower-class slums, but they began to declineraly.Q23 According to paragraph 5, which of the following factors led to raurbanizationhehalf of the nineteenth centuryA. The destruction of many farms due to bad harvestsB.C.D.The reductionhe a

42、mount of good-quality farmlandThe rise in death rateshe countrysideThe lack of jobshe countrysideParagraph 5 is marked win arrow .正確：D： 定位在growing numbers of people pressed available resouron the land,even when farm work was combined wio cities seeking work or other resourbit of manufacturing, so pe

43、ople crowded. D 選項(xiàng)實(shí)際上是這句話的簡(jiǎn)明重述。注意這句話中過(guò)的press 有“壓榨，榨取”的意思，也就是說(shuō)土地資源越來(lái)越稀缺，所以人們涌入城市尋找因，所以選D。的工作機(jī)會(huì)和生活資源。即 raurbanization 的原Paragraph 6The greater reliability of foods was a factorhe decline of urban deathion, as well as measuresrates. Even more important were the gains in urban sanisuch as inspection of

44、housing. Reformers, including enlightened doctors, began tostudy the causes of high death rates and to urge remediation. Even before the discovery of germs, be fs t disease spread by “miasmas” (noxious forms of bad air) prompted attention to sewers and open garbage; Edwin Chadwick led anexemplary ur

45、ban crusade for underground sewers in Englandhe 1830s. Gradually,public health provis began to cuto customary urban mortality rates. By 1900,in some parts of Western Europe life expectancyhe cities began to surpasst ofthe rural areas. Industrial societies had figured out ways to combine large andgro

46、wing cities with population growth, a developmentt would soon spread tootharts of the world.Q24 Paragraph 6 mentions all of the following as factorsdecline of urban death rates EXCEPTt contributed to the raA.B.C.D.the greater reliability of foodsimprovements in saniionadvanprovihe treatment of disea

47、ses for inspecting housesParagraph 6 is marked win arrow .正確：C：注意題目問(wèn)的是哪個(gè)沒(méi)有提到。A 選項(xiàng)在第一句中就提到了；B 選項(xiàng)和D 選項(xiàng)在第二句中“more important were the gains in urban saniion, as well asmeasurech as inspection of housing”一起提到了。只有 C 沒(méi)被提及，所以選 C。Q25 The word surpasshe passage is closesteaning toexceedinfluenceequalD. differ

48、 from正確：A：因?yàn)榇硕沃v得是幫助降低了城市人口的率，降低人口率等于延長(zhǎng)平均(life expectancy)?；氐絪upass 出現(xiàn)的原文句子，“By 1900, in someparts of Western Europe life expectancyhe cities began to surpasst of therural areas”，即“到 1900 年，一些西歐城市人口的平均已經(jīng)農(nóng)村的了”，根據(jù)段落大意，填空處應(yīng)該是“超過(guò)，超出”，所以是 A 選項(xiàng)。Influence，“影響”;equal，“等同”；differ from, ”不同”。D 選項(xiàng)是干擾選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)文意，A 選

49、項(xiàng) exceed最為符合。建議考生掌握這些詞匯的意思。Q26 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 6 about undergroundsewersA.B.C.D.They became commonost of Western Europehe 1830s.They helped reduce deaths caused by disease in cities.They led to the discoveryt disease could be caused by germs.They encouraged peop

50、le to leave rural areas and move to the cities.正確：A：根據(jù)題干underground sewer 定位句子“Edwin Chadwick led anhe 1830s.” 通過(guò)第exemplary urban crusade for underground sewers in England二句可以直推斷得出A 選項(xiàng)的結(jié)論。Crusade 有 “，運(yùn)動(dòng)”之意；通過(guò) “Evenbefore the discovery of germs, befst disease spread by “miasmas” (noxiousforms of bad

51、air) prompted attention to sewers and open garbage”這句話，與 B選項(xiàng)意思正相反，而且沒(méi)有說(shuō)這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)推動(dòng)了germ 的發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以C 選項(xiàng)不對(duì)；D 選項(xiàng)的意思未被提及。Q27 Look at the four squares added to the passaget indicate where the following sentence could beSuch individual efforts had substantial, concrete effects on society.Where would the sentence b

52、est fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.The greater reliability of foods was a factorhe decline of urban deathion, as well as measuresrates. Even more important were the gains in urban sanisuch as inspection of housing. 1Reformers, including enlightened doctors, began to study

53、the causes of high death rates and to urge remediation. 2Even before the discovery of germs, be fs t disease spread by “miasmas” (noxious forms of bad air) prompted attention to sewers and open garbage; 3Edwin Chadwick led anhe 1830s. 4exemplary urban crusade for underground sewers in EnglandGradually, public health provis began to cuto customary urban mortalityrates. By 1900, in some parts of Western Europe life expectancyhe cities began tosurpasst of the rural areas. Industrial societies had figured out ways to combi