定語從句中如何選擇關(guān)系詞技巧方法講解與專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、定語從句中如何選擇關(guān)系詞，技巧方法講解與專項(xiàng)練習(xí)考點(diǎn)精講精練考點(diǎn)1.相關(guān)概念A(yù).主句、從句、關(guān)系詞例句： This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.主句：在含有定語從句的復(fù)合句中，除去定語從句后的部分，是句子的主句。（例句中，This is the boy.是主句。）定語從句：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾主句中的一個(gè)名詞或代詞（有時(shí)修飾整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于主句的一個(gè)定語。）（例句中，whowon the first prize in the English Speech Competition 是定語從

2、句, 修飾 the boy。）先行詞：先行詞就是被定語從句修飾的名詞等，它總是出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面。（例句中，the boy是先行詞。）關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞指用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。（例句中，who是關(guān)系代詞。）關(guān)系詞的三個(gè)作用.作定語從句的一個(gè)句子成分。.起著連接主句和從句的作用（參看 P.錯(cuò)誤!未定義書簽。錯(cuò)誤！未找到引用源。）。.代指被修飾的先行詞。（例句中，who作定語從句的主語，同時(shí)起著連接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行詞the boy。）B.關(guān)系代詞.指人時(shí)可以用 who,也可用that。 Do you know the boy who/that is my d

3、esk mateThe man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom uncle.指物時(shí)可以用 which,也可用that。I like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/tha t was shown last Sunday. whose可以指人也可以指物。He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life time.The tree whose lea

4、ves are red was planted last year.關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。I like the meal that/which / （） we had last night.Do you know the boy who/whom/that/（ ） we talked about just now 注：（）表示關(guān)系代詞省略C.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中只能作狀語。when指時(shí)間，where指地點(diǎn)，why指原因，how不能作關(guān)系詞。如：We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be bette

5、r.He has reached the point where a change is needed.That is no reason why you should leave.This is the way howl did it. （how 不能作關(guān)系詞）基礎(chǔ)過關(guān).用合適的關(guān)系詞完成句子。The man/was here yesterday is a painter.The man/I saw is called Smith.A child parents are dead is called an orphan.I d like a room window looks out ove

6、r the sea.A letter/is written in pencil is hard to read.The letter/I received from him yesterday is very important.That is the boy/you are looking for.Do you know the reason he was late for the meetingThis is the school I used to study.I still remember the day we met for the first time.用符號標(biāo)出下列句子的主句、

7、定語從句、先行詞和關(guān)系詞主句：定語從句：（）先行詞：平行詞 I 關(guān)系詞：例：This is jhe book （that I have been looking for）.The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.Have you bought the book which we talked aboutI still remember the day which we spent together last week.He still lives in the house whose windows face south.The bo

8、y whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.The girl who you met was John s sister.There is no reason why we shouldn t be friends.They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark.The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.Is this the hospital where yo

9、u were born考點(diǎn)2.關(guān)系詞的選擇技巧A.選用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞，關(guān)鍵是看關(guān)系詞在定語班句.中作什么成分含有定語從句的復(fù)合句可以分為兩部分：主句和從句。關(guān)系詞是定語從句的一個(gè)成分。選用關(guān)系詞，要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分，而不是看先行詞是什么詞性。He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.He worked in the factory where his father had worked.I like the school which is near to my home.I like the school where my sis

10、ter studies.在句和句中，先行詞前都有 in,但關(guān)系詞有用 which也有用where的；在句和句中，先行詞都是the school,但關(guān)系詞有用 which也有用where的。因此，我們可以看出，對關(guān)系詞起決定性作用的并不是先行詞。在句和句中，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都是作主語，因此用的都是關(guān)系代詞which ；在句和句中，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都是作狀語，因此都是用關(guān)系副詞where。我們可以看出，用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞，主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分。 B.選用關(guān)系詞的方法：一 找“二 還“三 替換”.我：就是先把句子分為主句和從句兩部分，再找出先行詞和關(guān)系詞。（參看本章第1講）.還：根據(jù)先行

11、詞提示的意思，大膽地把定語從句還原為完整的一句話。（可以添詞）.替換：用關(guān)系詞替換定語從句中還原后添加的部分，作主語和賓語用關(guān)系代詞，作狀語用關(guān)系副詞。（時(shí)間狀語用when,地點(diǎn)狀語用where,原因狀語用why）（同初中時(shí)做的“對畫線部分提問相似，該用what的時(shí)候用which/that即可）例如：This is the school I once studied.This is the school is the most famous in the city.I am studying at a school my father teaches English.找：（略）還原：根據(jù)先行詞

12、的提示，這三句話的定語從句還原成完整的一句話后分別為：I once studied at the school.The school is the most famous in the city.My father teaches English at the school.粗斜體部分為根據(jù)先行詞的意思把關(guān)系詞還原后的部分。替換：根據(jù)對畫線部分提問”的規(guī)則，1.和3.用where, 2.本該用what,在定語從句中該用 what的要換為which/that。因此，答案為：；2. that/which ； 3. whereC.關(guān)系詞一般要位于定語從句的句首【2009 江西】 The house

13、I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which答案與分析：A沒有關(guān)系詞，不能連接兩句話；C介詞后不能用that; D關(guān)系詞一般不位于句末；而 B可以看作是關(guān)系代詞作賓語、放在句首并且省略了。因此選Bo利用一 “找”二“還”三“替換”的方法選擇關(guān)系詞1.Is this the reasonhe explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his workA. thatB. whatC.

14、howD. why2.Is this the reasonhe was so careless in his workA. thatB. whatC. howD. why3.The reasonhe didn t come washe was ill.A. why; thatB. that; whyC. forthat; thatD. for which; what4.He lives in a villageis not far from the city.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. whose5.He lives in the villagehe was born.

15、A. whichB. whereC. whatD. whose6.In an hour, we travel to placescould have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what7.In an hour, we travel to placeswe can relax and get refreshed.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what8.I ll never forgethe dayswe spent together.A. thatB. /C. whenD. A

16、and B.【2014 湖南】I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. asB. why C. when D. where. If we want to have a bright future,we must learnto act in ways do not do harm to other living things.A. in whichB. /C.how D.that. qq 51s this the factory color TV

17、sets are producedA. whenB.the one whereC. thatD.in which. Is this factory color TV sets are producedA. whichB.the one whereC. thatD.in which. This is the factory produces color TV sets.A. whereB.the one whereC. thatD.in which.【2010 天津】 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircutYou should

18、try the barber s I go. It s only 15A. asB. whichC. whereD. that.【2011 陜西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,we enjoyed a splendid view ofthe lake.A. whichB. whereC. whoD. that.【2011 福建】 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them to communicate freely withea

19、ch other. A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who.【2012 江西】By 16:30,was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that.【2013 山東】 Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whomy綜合應(yīng)用能力提升I.單句改錯(cuò)【2010 重慶】 Fi

20、rstly, a friend is someone you can share your secrets.【2010 重慶】 After hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm.【2006 江西】I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.I often think of the days when we spent on the island together.This is th

21、e museum where you visited the other day.Have you ever been to Shanghai, where I left ten years agoII.語法填空(每空至多填三詞)【2014 新課標(biāo) I】 Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.【2014 廣東】 The next day, my brother and I went to the beach we watched some people play volleyball.【2014 湖南】 People shoul

22、d not do things will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.【2014 安徽】The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.【2015 課標(biāo) I 】I d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in s

23、o many Chinese paintings.【2015 廣東】 When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market peoplefrom the town met regularly.III.寫作技能提升13.12012上?！吭谡褂[會(huì)上，公司銷售經(jīng)理展示了孩子們翹首以盼的新型電子玩具。(demonstrate).這本書對我?guī)椭艽螅貏e是在好印象是必須的工作中。(help greatly, expression, a must).我認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)參加社區(qū)活動(dòng)，

24、在活動(dòng)中他們可以為成長獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(involve oneself in, community activities, gainexperience).我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們一起度過的日子。摘自高中英語語法通霸，打包下載答案：1. who/that who /whom /that / 不填whose whosethat /which that /which / 不填who /whom /that / 不填 whywhere when2. The movie. (that .we saw last night) is very exciting.Have you bought the book (wh

25、ich we talked about)I still remember the day (which we spent together last week).He still lives in the house (whose windows face south).The boy (whose father is a policeman ) speaks English most fluently in our class.The girl (who you met) was John s sister.There is no reason |(why we shouldn t be f

26、riends).They arrived in the early morning (when.the sky was still dark).The days were gone (when we had to travel on horses ).Is this the hospital (where you were born)1.A2.D3.A4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.C10.D11.D12.B13.C14.C15.B16.A17.A18.Cj盼應(yīng)用secrets后加with； with的賓語是關(guān)系代詞，省略了。is改為are； that代指的是words ,所以要用復(fù)數(shù)。去掉

27、it; it變?yōu)殛P(guān)系代詞省略了，不能再要it。把when去掉或者改為that/ which ；關(guān)系詞作spent的賓語，所以要用關(guān)系代詞或省略。把where去掉或者改為that/ which ；關(guān)系詞作visited的賓語，所以要用關(guān)系代詞或省略。where改為which ；關(guān)系詞作left的賓語，所以要用關(guān)系代詞。that/which ；在定語從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞。where；關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞。which/that ；在定語從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞。that/which/不填；作spent的賓語，用關(guān)系代詞。that/which ； 先行詞是 mountain t

28、ops and dark waters 。where； 先行詞是 the marked oAt the exhibition, the company ssales manager demonstrated the new (type of) electronic toys (which / that) children were looking forward to.The book has helped me greatly, especially at work where a good impression is a must.I think Students should invol

29、ve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.I will never forget the days (that/ which) we spent together.高中英語語法通霸2016版1. who/that who /whom /that /不填whose whosethat /which that /which / 不填who /whom /that / 不填 whywhere when2. The movie (that, we saw last night) is

30、very exciting.Have you bought the book (which we talked about)I still remember the day (which we spent together last week).He still lives in |the house (whose windows face south).The boy (whose father is a policeman ) speaks English most fluently in our class.|The girl.(who you met) was John s sister.There is no feason ,(why we shouldn t be friends).They arrived in thefarly morn