2018_2019學(xué)年高中英語Module2TheRenaissanceSectionⅢGrammar_復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞教案

1、SectionGrammar-復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞語法初識原句感知自主探究Itwasfoolishofyoutolietoyourteacher.Itsnousetryingtopersuadehimtochangehismind.Ourdutyistohelptheyoungchildrentogrowbetter.Ourworkisservingthepeople.PeoplewanttoknowwhoMonaLisaisandwhysheissmiling.Thebuildingbeingbuiltisanewshoppingmall.Thebirdwasluckyandescapedbein

2、gcaught.(1)句中黑體部分在句中均作主語。句中黑體部分在句中均作表語。句中黑體部分在句中作賓語。(2)根據(jù)句可知，動詞不定式和動詞ing形式作主語時，可以用it作形式主語。(3)根據(jù)句可知，黑體部分為動詞ing形式的被動式，在句中分別作定語和賓語。(4)句中黑體部分為過去分詞在句中作狀語。PaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheyear15031506,theMonaLisaisamysteriousmasterpiece.語法剖析不定式動詞ing形式時態(tài)形式一般式完成式進行式一般式完成式主動式被動式todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendo

3、netobedoingdoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone動詞ed形式一般式done集中演練1單句語法填空To_increase(increase)levelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Doyoumindbeing_interrupted(interrupt)whilestudying?Warned(warn)ofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.Not_having_seen(notsee)h

4、erforalongtime,Imissedherverymuch.Hisfirstbookto_be_published(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,bathing(bathe)themountainingoldenlight.1不定式和動詞ing形式作主語、賓語以及表語時的區(qū)別做完某事接著做另一件事goon(1)不定式作主語、賓語以及表語時通常表示具體的、特指一次性或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作。(2)動詞ing形式作主語、賓語以及表語時通常表示抽象的、泛指經(jīng)常的動作或一般情況。Swimmingisaver

5、ygoodsportinsummer.(在夏天游泳是一項很好的運動。動詞ing形式swimming在句中作主語，表示泛指一般情況)Theymanagedtoescapefromtheburningbuilding.他們設(shè)法逃離了那座著火的大樓。(不定式短語toescapefromtheburningbuilding在句中作賓語，表示一次性的動作)巧學(xué)助記(1)通常只能接不定式作賓語的動詞(短語)：提出要求拒絕難：offer,ask/demand,refuse同意答應(yīng)會幫忙：agree,promise,help設(shè)法做成決心堅：manage,decide/determine/choose計劃安排有

6、希望：plan,arrange,desire,wouldlike/love,expect/hope/wish/want/long不能做到不假裝：fail,pretend(2)通常只能接動名詞作賓語的動詞(短語)：允許考慮四建議：allow/permit,consider,suggest/advise/propose/recommend忙于堅持多練習(xí)：bebusy,insiston,practise承認喜歡多盼望：admit,enjoy,lookforwardto否認拖延可原諒：deny,delay/postpone/putoff,excuse避免錯過莫放棄：avoid,miss,giveup完

7、成冒險沒逃避：finish,risk,escape想象之后才感激：imagine,appreciate名師點津(1)有些動詞后接動名詞和不定式作賓語時，意義完全不同：todosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記已經(jīng)做過某事todosth.記住去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事todosth.遺憾去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事todosth.停下手頭正在做的事而去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事todosth.努力去做某事trydoingsth.嘗試著做某事todosth.意欲/想/打算做某事meandoingsth

8、.意味著做某事doingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事todosth.不能幫助做某事canthelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事Illneverforgetseeingmydaughterdanceinpublicforthefirsttime.我永遠忘不了看著我女兒第一次當(dāng)眾跳舞的情景。(forgetdoingsth.表示“忘記已做過某事”，動名詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作)Dontforgettocarryyourcamerawithyou.別忘了帶上你的照相機。(forgettodosth.表示“忘記去做某事”，不定式表示將要去做的事情)Theymeanttohelphercarrythebox,

9、butshedeclined.他們想幫她搬那個箱子，但她婉言謝絕了。(meantodosth.表示“意欲/打算做某事”)Perseverancedoesnotmeandoingthesamethingforever.堅持不懈并不意味著永遠做同一件事情。(meandoingsth.表示“意味著做某事”)(2)動詞want,need,require作“需要”講時，其后通常接動詞ing形式的主動形式或不定式的被動形式，這時動詞ing形式的主動形式表示被動含義。Thiskindofplantneedswatering/tobewateredtwiceaweek.這種植物需要一星期澆兩次水。(句中nee

10、d為實義動詞)2現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語和定語時的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在分詞(如interesting,exciting,moving,puzzling,surprising)作表語通常用于表示事物的性質(zhì)特征；過去分詞(如interested,excited,moved,puzzled,surprised)作表語，通常用于表示人或人的心理狀態(tài)。Shewaspuzzledatwhattodowithit.她不知道怎么處理這件事。Thesituationwasmorepuzzlingthanever.局勢比之前更加捉摸不定。(2)這類過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞還可以作定語修飾名詞。一般而言，現(xiàn)在分詞修飾表示事物的

11、名詞；而過去分詞修飾人或表示人的心理狀態(tài)的名詞。Hearingtheexcitingnews,heburstintotears.聽到這令人激動的消息，他突然大哭起來。Seeinghisexcitedlook,Iknowhehaswonthematch.看到他興奮的表情，我知道他贏得了比賽。3非謂語動詞作定語時的用法區(qū)別不定式動詞ing形式通常不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動作，所修飾的詞與之在邏輯上存在動賓關(guān)系、主謂關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞作定語通常有主動進行含義或表示一種狀態(tài)；動名詞作定語通常表示用途動詞ed形式動詞ed形式作定語通常有被動(或)完成含義Thepicturehangingonthe

12、wallispaintedbymyclosefriend.(墻上掛的這幅圖畫是我的一位密友畫的?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語hangingonthewall作定語，表示一種狀態(tài))ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.第一批把英語作為外語教學(xué)而編寫的教科書是在16世紀出版的。(過去分詞短語writtenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage作定語表示被動完成含義)Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?你在會上有什么要

13、說的嗎？(不定式tosay作定語，與所修飾的詞anything之間在邏輯上存在動賓關(guān)系)4非謂語動詞作賓語補足語時的用法區(qū)別不定式常見動詞ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage.have,notice,see,watch,與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時間概念主謂關(guān)系。強調(diào)動作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成hear,feel,let,make.現(xiàn)在分詞notice,see,watch,hear,主謂關(guān)系。強調(diào)動作正在進行過去分詞find,keep,have,feel.動賓關(guān)系。動作已經(jīng)完成，多強調(diào)狀態(tài)Johnsmotherdoesntallowhimtotea

14、sethecat.約翰的母親不允許他戲弄這只貓。(不定式短語toteasethecat在句中作賓語補足語)Isawthementeracoffeebar.我看見他們進了一家咖啡館。(省略to的不定式短語enteracoffeebar在句中作賓語補足語)IcaughtGeorgesmokinginthetoilet.我撞見喬治在廁所抽煙。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語smokinginthetoilet在句中作賓語補足語)Davidhadhiscarmaintainedyesterday.昨天戴維讓人把車做了保養(yǎng)。(過去分詞maintained在句中作賓語補足語)名師點津如果have,make,see,hear

15、,notice等詞的復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語補足語為省略to的不定式，變被動語態(tài)時省略的to需要還原。HewasseentodateMaryyesterday.昨天他被看見和瑪麗約會了。(不定式todateMary在句中作主語補足語)5非謂語動詞作狀語時的用法區(qū)別(1)動詞不定式通常作目的、原因、結(jié)果等狀語。Toimprovetheirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.為了提高他們的服務(wù)水平，這個旅店的員工們正努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語。(不定式toimprovetheirservice在句中作目的狀語)Shewassoangryas

16、tobeunabletospeak.她氣得連話都說不出來。(不定式短語astobeunabletospeak在句中作結(jié)果狀語，通常位于句末)Jackhurriedtothebookingoffice,onlytobetoldthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.杰克匆忙趕到售票處，結(jié)果被告知所有的票都被賣完了。(不定式onlytobetold在句中作結(jié)果狀語，表示意料之外的結(jié)果)Iamgladtohearthenews.聽到這個消息我很高興。(不定式短語tohearthenews在句中作原因狀語，通常位于句末)(2)動詞ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞)和動詞ed形式(過去分詞)

17、在句中通常作原因、時間、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果、讓步等狀語。主語與動詞ing形式(現(xiàn)在分詞)之間在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，主語與動詞ed形式(過去分詞)之間在邏輯上存在動賓關(guān)系。Gettinguplate,hemissedhisearlytrain.由于起床晚了，他沒有趕上早班火車。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語gettinguplate在句中作原因狀語)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaswettotheskin.由于遇上了大雨，他渾身都濕透了。(過去分詞短語caughtinaheavyrain在句中作原因狀語)Tomlayonthegrass,staringintothesky.湯姆躺在草地上，凝望著天

18、空。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語staringintothesky在句中作伴隨狀語)Surroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.在一群學(xué)生的簇擁下，那位老教師走進了教室。(過去分詞短語surroundedbyagroupofpupils在句中作方式狀語)Givenanotherchance,hewilldoitbetter.如果再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。(過去分詞短語givenanotherchance在句中作條件狀語)Thefirelastedaweek,leavingnothingvaluable.大火持續(xù)了一周，沒有

19、留下什么有價值的東西。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語leavingnothingvaluable在句中作結(jié)果狀語)Althoughlivingmilesaway,heattendedthecourse.雖然住在幾英里之外，他仍去上課。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語livingmilesaway在句中作讓步狀語)集中演練2(1)單句語法填空Idontallowsmoking(smoke)inmydrawingroom.Withtwochildrenattending(attend)themiddleschoolnow,themanisworkinghard.Having_found(find)hercarstolen,sheh

20、urriedtoapolicemanforhelp.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesisto_make(make)ourlifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasaroleto_play(play)inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolivein.Helenawasexcited,justasIhadimagined,to_find(find)herlostpet.Thequarrel_leading(lead)tothe

21、fightstartedfromtheirdisbeliefineachother.Having_been_shown(show)aroundtheuniversity,wethenweretakentoabuilding,wheremanyscientistsworked.Praised(praise)toomuchforhisintelligence,Harryoftenoverlookstheimportanceofeffort.MybrothersentmeanemailwithoneofhisphotosonMountTaiattached(attach)toit.(2)單句改錯Be

22、sides,haveenoughsleepcanmakeusfullofenergyandmakeitpossibleforustoperformwellintheexam.havehavingEveryhighschoolstudentwantstogetintofamousuniversitiesandtheyspendmostoftheirtimereviewlessons.reviewreviewingAllofusarelookingforwardtoliveinaharmonioussociety.livelivingNowletmetotellyouwhatIaminterest

23、edin.去掉toWhenaskingaboutfamouswritersinChina,Iwilllistmanynames.askingaskedFirst,congratulations.Imgladyougotaccept.acceptacceptedAsfarasImconcerning,Ishouldsetagoodexampletoreducewaste.concerningconcernedLearningthisnews,IamreallywillingtotravelwithyouandintroducingXroducingintroduceAnd

24、Ioftenhearbirdssung.sungsingingThereareancientdescriptionsofcrossbowshidingatthetombsentrance.hidinghidden鏈接高考單句語法填空1(2017全國卷語法填空)Theyarerequiredto_process(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.解析：考查非謂語動詞。requiresb.todosth.為固定用法，意為“要求某人做某事”，變成被動語態(tài)為berequiredto

25、dosth.，故填toprocess。2(2017全國卷語法填空)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的主語為This，謂語動詞included后由and連接三個動名詞短語作賓語，故填laying。3(2017北京高考單選改編)Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了，但他

26、仍記得和學(xué)生一起度過的快樂時光。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，time和spend之間是動賓關(guān)系，且此處表示一個已完成的動作，應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作后置定語，故填spent。4(2017天津高考單選改編)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowing(allow)morepatientstobetreated.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：這家醫(yī)院最近得到了一批新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備，這使更多的病人能夠得到治療。動詞allow與其邏輯主語(前面的整個句子)之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，故填allowing。5(2017江蘇高

27、考單選改編)ManyChinesebrands,having_developed(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：許多中國品牌已經(jīng)享譽數(shù)百年，正面臨著來自現(xiàn)代市場的新的挑戰(zhàn)。本句的主語ManyChinesebrands與develop之間為主動關(guān)系，又根據(jù)句中的時間狀語overcenturies可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時，故填havingdeveloped。6(2016全國卷語法填空)Skilledworkersalsocombinev

28、arioushardwoodsandmetalto_create(create)specialdesigns.解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：熟練的工人也把各種各樣的硬木和金屬結(jié)合起來以創(chuàng)造出特別的樣式。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為非謂語動詞作目的狀語，應(yīng)用動詞不定式，故填tocreate。7(2016北京高考單選改編)Ordered(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.(解析：考查非謂語動詞句意：因為)那些書是一周多之前訂的，現(xiàn)在隨時有可能送到。books和order之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動和完成。針對演練

29、.單句語法填空1Itsagreatpleasureto_spend(spend)myholidayinthecountryside.2Susansuggestedasking(ask)herbrotherforhelp,butfewofusagreedwithher.3Jennyheardthem_arguing(argue)outside,soshebecameveryangry.4Thegovernmentisgoingtosetupaneworganizationcalled(call)theRedCrosstohelppeoplewhoneedhelp.5Themonkeys_sent

30、(send)tozoosinBeijingandothercitiesareverycleverandlovelysothevisitorslikethemverymuch.6Thepresidentofthecompanypromised_to_solve(solve)thetrickyproblemassoonaspossible.7._Having_lived(live)inTaiwanfornearlytwentyyears,hefinallydecidedtoreturntohishometown.8Robertrushedoffwithgreatexcitement,even_forgetting(forget)totakehiscellphone.9Thepatientaskedto_be_operated(operate)onatonce.10Ihavealotofworkto_do(do)thisafternoon.Pleasedontdisturbmeunlessyouhavesomethingimportant.完成句子1我的愛好是聽音樂和踢足球。Myhobbiesare_listening_to_music_and_playing