籃球術(shù)語(yǔ)英文詞匯地翻譯與研究

1、PAGE1 / NUMPAGES24XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文Contents摘要iAbstracti.i.Thetranslationandresearchofbasketballterm.s2.Chapter1Introduction2.Chapter2thecharacteristicsofbasketballterms32.1thethecharacteristicsoflanguage32.1.1theimmediacy,opposabilityinlanguagestylelotsofidiomsinbasketballterms3.Chapter3thetra

2、nslationofbasketballterms5.Chapter4theannouncementsofbasketballtermstranslation2.0.Chapter5conclusion2.1.Bibliography2.2.Acknowledgements2.4.1XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文ThetranslationandresearchofbasketballtermsChapter1IntroductionEnglishasacommunicatetoolininternationalsportsexchange,ithavebeenusedinsportsfie

3、ld.Withthedevelopmentofbasketballsportandtheimprovementofathleticslevel,theinternalathletescantsatisfytherequirementsofhighlevelgame.LotsofinternationalbasketballplayersandcoachescometoChina,sohaveagoodcommunicationhasbecomeahardproblem.Becausedifferentlanguagesbetweenlocalplayersandforeignplayer,th

4、etranslatortakeaimportantroleincommunication,thequalityoftranslationdecidedforeignplayerscouldexecutetacticsrightlyornotdirectly,andthereisabigshortageofbasketballtranslators.Mosttranslatorsdontknowsbasketballwell,ifthetranslatorscanttellthebasicintentionoflocalcoachtoforeignplayerscorrectly,itwillm

5、akeinfluencetotheresultsofgames,itssignificanttoabasketballtranslatortoknowsthebasketballtermsdetailedly.SothisarticlebasedonthecharacteristicsofbasketballEnglish,throughtranslatebasketballtermsdetails,explainstheannouncementsoftranslatebasketballEnglish,aimtohelpbasketballtranslatortobemoreprofessi

6、onandpushourcountriesbasketballtoahigherlevel.2XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文Chapter2thecharacteristicsofbasketballtermsInareportofbasketballgames,thelanguagehavetheimmediacy,opposability,shortlyandwithidiomsoftenly.2.1thethecharacteristicsoflanguageThebasketballtermshouldshowthefierceandantagonismtocreateafeelli

7、keyouarewatchingthegameinthecourt.Soithavetheimmediacy,opposabilityinlanguagestyle.2.1.1theimmediacy,opposabilityinlanguagestyleTheconditionsinthebasketballcourtisillusive,soitaskthecommentatorscoulddescribetheconditionsimmediatelyandcorrectly,sothebasketballtermsshouldhaveimmedicy,thetermsalwayssho

8、rtlyandcouldmaketheaudiencesunderstandeasily.Thecompetitionrulesofbasketballcausetherearestormybodytouch,alsoinbasketballtermsoftenlycomeupsomevocabularylike“Derbygame”or“Enemy”andortherunfriendlywords.2.1.2lotsofidiomsinbasketballtermsInbasketballterms,therearelotsofidioms,becausetheculturedifferen

9、ces,manyidiomscouldntunderstandeasily,like“nip-and-tuck”meantwoteamsina3XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文samelevelandanyofthemcouldntwinthegameeasily.4XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文Chapter3thetranslationofbasketballtermsAirball:akindofoffensivecondition.amissshotinbasketballthatfailstotouchtherimandthebackboard.Alleyoop:askillofo

10、ffense.Aplayerpasstheairaroundthebasketandanotherteammatetaketheballtothebasketbyshottingordunkingintheair.Assist:anappellationofoffensecondintion.Whenyourteammatecaughtyourpassandmadeagoalitmeansyoumadeanassist.Assistantcoach:thememberwhohelpthecoachtotrainplayers.Therearedefenseassistantcoach,offe

11、nseassistantcoach,thefitnessassistantcoachandsoon.Awaygame:anameofgamemodus.Itmeansyourteamshouldmovetoanothercityforthematch.Inmanyresearches,theprobabilityofwinninginawaygameislowerthanhome.Exceptthefansandcourtelements,fatiguebyalongjourneyalsoisanimportanteffection.Attempts:thetimesofshoot.Babyh

12、ook:askillofoffense.Usethewristandthefingerdialtheballtothebasketsoftly.Theactioniskeeptheballononehand,putthehandupfromeyourchestuntillyourhead,nearlythehighestpointdialtheballwithyourwristandfingertothebasket.Backcut:askillofno-ballrunning.Italwaysunsingbytheshootingguardorthesmallforward.Oneofthe

13、twoplayershouldwalktothepaint,suddenlyrunbacktothe3pointlinereadytocatchpassingballtoattackthehook.Backspin:aballrunningsate.Itmeanswhenaplayerpassorshot,rotatetheballbypurposetokeeptheorbitstraighttotheaims.Balancethefloor:oneofthebasketballconcept.Itmeanskeepthestrongside(onesidewithball)andthewea

14、kside(onesidewithoutball)balance,aviodfiveplayersstandingonesideandmakethespacecongestion.Ballline:aconceptofdefense.Itmeansthetrianglepositionrelationshipofball5XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文manandyourself.Arightpositionindefenseisveryimpotant,thewrongdefensepositionmakeharmtodefense.Ballreversal:aoffensestratrg

15、y.Itmeansifyourteamcanmtakeachancetogoalbythreeorfourdeliveries,transfertheballtoanothersidetoattackthebasket.Ballside:thenameofbasketballcourt.Makeavirtuallinebetweentwobaskets,separatethecourttotwo,thesidewiththeballinoffenseround,callsballside.Thestrongsidecouldmakeagoalchance,soitwouldaccumulate

16、nanydefender,thatswhywecallballsaideasstrongside.Bankshot:askillofshot.Throughtheballtothebackboard,maketheballbouncetothebasketbytouchingthebackboard.Basket:bneofthebasicequipments.Italsocalledring,hoop,rim.Itistheequipmenttodetermineoneteamscoreornot.Theinsidediameterofthebasketshouldbe45cm,thebas

17、ketshouldbemetalmaterial,theminimumdiameteris1.7cm,themaximumis2.0cm.Benchplayer:anameofplayer.Notthestartfiveplayer,thealternativelpayer.Benchdepth:Thelevelofbenchpalyers,usually,ifoneteamhaveseveralhighlevelalternativeplayers,itsmeanstheteamhaveadeepbenchdepth.Betweenthelegsdribble:askillofdribble

18、,usingthestrenthofwristandfinger,maketheballtoanothersideunderyourlegs.Blackboradstrategies:Atoolofexlainingtactics.Thecoachexplainoffenseiveanddefensivetactics.Blockshot:tostopthemovementofanopponent,orstopanopponentspassorshot.Blockingfoul:thedefenderthroughpullorpushandothermovementstostoptheofee

19、nder,itviolatetherules,thedefenderwouldgetafoul.Bodylow:apracticalskill.Wheneveryouinoffensepositionoryouaredefendingyouropponent,kepplowyourbodyisfavoronmovingqiuckly.Bodyprotectsthatball:askilltotheballhander.Whenyourcarringtheball,yourdefenderwilldeg,dialtofroceyouloseyourball.Thenyoucanuseyoursh

20、oulders,hipsandotherpositionstoprotecttheballreasonably.6XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文Bouncepass:theskillofpassingball.Passtheballtoyourteammatebybouncethefloor,ifyouropponentsbodycenterifgtavityishighyo,ucanusethiswaytopreventballbeingsteal.Boxandone:adefensivetactic.Oneoffiveplyerstakesmentomendefendstrategy,t

21、heotherstakezonedefense.Onemantakeclose-markingdefenseotherstakearectangleoradiamondposition.Ifyouropponenthaveasuperscorer,youcantakethisdefendstrategy.Onemantrytodenythatsuperscorer,donotlethimtogettheball,oncethesuperscorergettheball,oneoftheotherfourplayercanhelptostophimineverywhere.Boxout:aski

22、llofgettingrebound.Youshouldtrytotakethepositionbetweenyouropponentandtherimwhensomeonemakeashoot,youshouldkeepyourarmorbodygetstuckyouropponentpreventhimbluntingrebound.Bonus:thegamecondition,itmeansifoneteamhavemadefourfoulsinasinglequarter,thenextmorefoulsshouldletoffensiveplayertaketwofreethrows

23、aspunishment.Buzzerbeater:agamecondition.Buzzerisatooltoremindplyersandrefereesthetimeisup.Itmeanswhenthetimenearlygone,oneplayershotormakealayup,theballfallinthebasket,meanwhilethetimeisgone,thebuzzerring,theplayercallsthebuzzerbeater.Captain:amemberofateam.Amanhaveahigherpower,accordingtotherule,t

24、hecaptainistheonlyonewhohaverighttodiscussrulesandwithreferees,captainalsoisaleaderandmanageronthecourt.Catchandscreen:anoffensivetactic.Oneof“passinggametacticsI”tm.eansoneplayerdribblingat3-pointline,anotherteammatedoano-ballrunning,themanwiththeballcoulddenythechaserwithhisbodytocreateachancetosc

25、orefortheno-ballman.Thisstrategyoftenbeginaroudthe3-pointline,italsocalledoutsidescreen.Catchandshoot:oneofoffensiveskills.Afterno-ballrunning,catchtheball,makeashootimmediately.Itoftenhappensintansitionoffense,onplayerrunto3-pointlinecatchtheballandshoot.7XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文Center:thenameofteamrole.Mo

26、stcentersarethetallesandstrongestintheteam,heplaysthemostsignificantroleinoffenseanddefense.Hisdutyisprotectingthehoop,rebounding,evenheshoulddosomelowpostattack,transfertheballinhighpost.Chargingfoul:onedefinationofrules,itmeanswhenanoffensiveplayerdribbletoforward,happensanillegalphysicalcontact,t

27、heoffensiveplayerinvasedhisopponentillegallyorputposely,thatisafoul.Clear-pathfoul:onedefinationofrules,whenateamhavemadeafastbreak,youcantmakefoultohimintentionallyorunintentionallytostopthemanattackthehoop.Ifyoudo,youropponentwillgettwofree-throwandcontinuetooffenseasapunishment.Chestpass:askillof

28、passingball,youcanusesinglehandordoublehandstopushtheballtoyourteammatebythestrenthofforearmsatthehightofyourchest.Cleandown:relaxionativities.Itmeans,afteronegameoratraining,playersshoulddosomestretchingmovementsforrelievingmuscleexcessivestrain.Accordingtoreserches,havinga30minutesslowrunningasthe

29、cleandown,isbetterthanrestimmidiately.Closeout:movetoyouropponentandmakepressuretotheball,adefensiveskill.Itiswhenyoufaceacarringbalplayer,youshouldmoveontostickhimandtrytostealtheballordenyhimtoshot.Closethedoor;akindofzonedefensestrategies.Itmeansyourteammatehelpyoutoformazonedefense,likecloseadoo

30、rmovement.Theessentialisretreatingyourinsidefootasaarc,makingslide,cutyouropponentsmovingroute.Coach:thenameofteamrole.Themainpersonincharge,likeheadcoach,assitantcoach.Heisthemanwhodecidetheoffensiveanddefensivetactics,thephysicalexcersiseandmanagetheteam.Coasttocoastpass:makingalargedistricttansfe

31、r,devovlingtheballfromonesidetoanotherside.Becausethestrongsidewouldhavemanydefender,tansfertheballtotheweaksidequicklycouldmakeagoodchancetoscroe.Butthepassingrouteislong,theballcouldbestealeasily.8XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文Coasttocoast:oneplayerdribbletheballmakealayupfrombackcourttofrontcourt,thenameofgame

32、status.Itisverycommoninagame.Ifamanhavegooddribbleskill,whenhegetareboundormakeasteal,hewilldoacoasttocoast,thedefendersalwaysbetakenbysurprise.Comboguard:therolenameofplayer.Oneplayercanorganizeoffenselikeapointguardandalsocanmakescoreslikeashootingguard.Itasnindispensableroleinmodernbasketballidea

33、.Conmmunucation:oneofthebasketballconcepts.Itmeansindefenseoroffense,conmunicatewithyourteammatesindetail,tellhimthepositionheshouldgoormakeahelp-defense.Cones:anoffensivetactic.Twoteammatesmakeapickforoneplayer,hopehecanattackthehoop.Mostconesarebasiconshallowcut.Contact:adefensiveskill.Useyourbody

34、legallytodenyyouropponent.Thisskillhavetwokeys.Thefrististiming,andthesecondisroute.Ifyouropponentmovetosomeplace,theslowdenymakeaphysicalcontactisablockfoul.Ifthetimingright,youcanttakdevathnetageposition,youropponentwillcatchtheballandscoreeasily.So,onceyoutaketherightpositioninrighttiming,stopyou

35、ropponentoffensiveroute,ifhappencontact,itsmustbechargingfoul.Continuityoffense:sustainedoffense,oneofthebasketballconcepts.Itmeansaserioustacticsfromfastbreakplattosetplay.Continuity:oneofthebasketballconcepts,inthewholeoffensiveround,thechancetoscoregonetoosoon,ifyouhaveachancetostartafastbreak,bu

36、tyoudidntpasstheballimmediately,yourteamshouldgetreadytoasetplay.Continuityismeansmanytacticsconnectindifferentconditions.Consistency:oneofthebasketballconcepts,itmeansonesametacticscouldbecarryoutintheleftortherightcourt.Courtvision:oneofthebasketballconcepts,likeaperfectpointguardhaveanexchangevis

37、ionofeverybodyonthecourt.Whenhedribble,notonlyhecanseeotherfourteammatespositionbutalsocanjudgefiveopponentsmovingroute,thataexcellentcourtvision.9XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文Court:thegamingfield.Fromtheconceptsofinventingbasketball,basketballbelongstoindoorsports,especially,youneedrun,jump,suddenlystopandpivot

38、,thecourtbetterbuiltinwoodenfloor.Cut:thegeneraltermofno-ballrunningcut.Thecutcontainsflashcut,backdoorcut,backcut,Ushapecut,Lshapecutandsoon.Cuttingandpassing:anoffensiveskill,itiswhenyouhavenotchancetobreaktothepost,passtheballtoyourteammateandcuttothepostatthefristtimetocreateachancetoscore.Deadb

39、all:thenameofgamecondition.Whentherefereeblowswhistle,everyplayershouldnotoffenseanddefenseuntilnextround.Defense:ageneraldesignationtodenyyouropponenttoscore,passball,moveforwardandsoon.Defensivemind:adefensiveconcept.Exceptdefender;sphysicalfitnessorskills,seekingtheprobabledefensivestrategyorcrac

40、kyouropponentoffensivetactics,thesealsocalleddefensivemind.Dig:askillofdefense.Itmeanswhenyouindefensiveposition,trytostealorallocatetheball.Doubledribble:thenameofviolatingrules.Undertherule,ifyourputtheballawaywhenyouaredribbling,youcandtribbleonceagain,oryoudribbleintwohands,thisconditioncalleddo

41、ubledribble.Doubleteam:adefensivetechnique.Twoplayerstandaroundthemanwhocarringtheball,andwavehandstointerfereandmakepressuretotheballforcetheoffensiveplayer5secondsviolationorpasstheballnervously.Doubledouble:thenameofgamingdata.Oneplayersdefensiveandoffensivedata,likepoints,assistants,rebounds,blo

42、cks,steals,ifanytwoaddupto10,itscalleddoubledouble.Dribbleoutthetime:aoffensivestrategy.Whenthetimenearlygoesup,theleadingteamwillcarryoutanegativeoffensivestrategy,keepdribblinguntilthegamefinish.Dropstep:anoffensivetechnique.Dribblingpivotorpivotstraightlyatthelowposttoattackthehoop.10XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆

43、畢業(yè)論文Dunk:ascoringmethod.Thumpingtheballtothehoopfromuptodown.Earlyoffense:oneoftheoffensivetactics.Itmeansrunoffensivetacticsbeforeyouropponentgetreadytodefensebygettingdefensereboundormakingasteal.Ejection:aseriousfoulinbasketballrules.Oneplayermadeaunsportsmanlikefouloraflagrantfoul.Itwillcausedth

44、eplayerhurt.Thepunishmentistwofree-throwbytheonewhogotfouled,andtheoffensiveteamstillhavetheball.Theplayerwhohasbeenejectedcanjionthegtameuntiltheendofthegame.Elbowing:anameoffoul.Itreferstoaplayerwavehiselbowhurtshisopponent,whetherishewillfullyornot,hewillbegotatechnicalfoul.Fadeawayshot:anoffensi

45、veskill,alsocalledfadeawayjumper,itreferstoaplayerusethestrenthoflegs,jumpawaytohisdefenderforcreatingashootspacetofscore.Feedthepost:passtheballtothepost,anoffensiveconcept.Becausecenteristhetallerstandstrongestplayeroftheteam,passtheballtohimiseasytogetpoints.Feeder:thepasseronthecourt,usually,afe

46、edercouldunderstandthesituationandmakearightchoicetopasstheball.Fieldgoal:thegeneraldesignationofgettingscorebyshooting,itcontains2pointsand3points.Fieldfoalpercentage:shotshitrate,theproporionofgetpoints.Itmeanstheresultoffieldgoalsdevideattempts,thehigherthebetter.Firsthalf:aformofgame.Manyunprofe

47、ssionalgamesdevideagametotwopartscallsfirstandlasthalf,eachhalfis20minutes.Flagrantfoul:abasketballrule,theunnecessary,unreasonablefoulorharmfulfoulcollectivelyknownasflagrantfoul.Flagrant:thereferees,themancanjudgingthegameundertherule,therearetwoorthreeflagrantsinagame,theflagrantsguaranteethebala

48、nceofagame.Followthrough:ashootingmovementname.Itmeanskeepthehandtypeaftermakeepashoot.Forcetotheoutside:adefensivestrategy.Itmeansforcetheplayerwhocarryingtheballmovetothebaselineorsidelinethenyourteammatecouldcomeupandmake11XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文ahelp-defense.Foul:aviolationresultingfromillegalcontactwi

49、thanopposingplayer.Foulout:oneofthebehaviorsofplayer.Everyplayercouldmake4fouls,ifsomeonemadethefifthfoul,heshouldbesubstitutedbyanotherplayerwhosefoulsbelowfive.Four-pointplay:makinga3pointsfieldgoalandget1pointbyfreethrough.Accordingtotherule,theshootermadea3-pointshotatthesametimehisopponentfoult

50、ohim,iftheballin,hegot3poinsandheshouldmakeafreethrowasbonus.Freethrow:afreeshottakenfromthefreethrowlineastheresultofafoul.Fullcourt:theentirecourt.Full-courtpress:adefensivestrategy,itreferstothedefensiveteamtakeaoneononedefensefromthefrontcourttobackcourtstrategy,makepressuretothemanwhocarryingth

51、eballforcehimloseball.Gameclock:ascoreboardclockthatshowsthetimeremainingineachperiodofagame.Gamethatsgamgaem:eover.Itmeanstheregulargametimeisover.Giveandgo:akindofbasictactics.Oneoffensiveplayerpasstoanotherteammate,thenmovetothepost,theteammatepasstheballback,catchtheball,layuporslamtoscore,alsoc

52、alledpassandgo.GM(generalmanager):theteamsmanager,themanagerbetweenteamandleader.Inprofessionalleague,theGMplayanimportantroleintradingandsigning.Goaltending:thebasicbasketballrule.Afteraplayershot,whentheballgototheriminair,adefenderslaportailtheballinhandscausedtheballsroutechangeditsnotallowedint

53、herules.Thejudgementistheoffensiveteamscorewhatevertheplayermadeafieldgoalornot.Gustteam:thenameofteam.Itmeansoneteamattendinggameinopponentsvenu,theteamcalledgustteam.Hacking:thenameofrule.Whenoneoffensiveplayershotting,thedefenderhittingshootershand,thejudgementistheshootermake.Halftime:theresttim

54、ebetweentwohalfcourts,generallythetimeshouldbe1512XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文minutes.Handchecking:theillegalactionofhands,itsaviolateaction.Itmeanstrackingyouropponentspositionbytouchinghiminhands,alsocahlalendd-check,thedefenderstopoffendersbyhands.Heldballpaly:anoffensiveskill,afterjumpball,takeantacticimmed

55、iately.Highlow:anoffensivetactics.Itmeansinoffensiveround,settwoplayersinhighandlowpost.Hoding:akindofdefensivefoul.Mostly,itmeanswhenoffensiveteamreadtolayupormovetoforward,thedefenderpulledhisarminpurposeforstoppingoffensivepalyer.Homecourtadvantage:thelocalteamhaveadvantagesinmanywayslikefans,the

56、familiaritytotheelements.Homejersey:accordingtotherule,inordertorecognizetwoteams,thehometeamshouldwearwhiteclothesorlightcolorclothes.Illegalscreen:akindofoffensiveviolation,themovementofbreakingtherule.Theoffendertakeanillegalscreentodenythedefender,likemovingscreen.Inthepaint:inthethreesecondsare

57、a.Thenameofthetrapezoidalzone.Insidefoot:whenaplayerstandsonthecourt,thefootnearbythebasketcalledinsidefoot.Insideplay:abasictactic.Itreferstosingleattackinthepost.Isolation:anoffensivetactic.Itmeansputfourplayersinoneside,andthefifthplayerplayanone-on-onehitinanotherside.Jumpball:thewaytodecidewhic

58、hteamcouldhavethefirstattack.Atthebeginningofabasketballgame,eachteamshouldletoneplayerjumpballinthecentralcircle,twojumpersshoulddialtheballbeforetheballfallsintothefloor,andtheycouldtouchtwotimesatmost.Jumpinsidetohelp:whentheballtransferedtothepost,defendermovingtotheposttohelpyourteammate.Jumpsh

59、ot:ashottakenwhileaplayerisjumpingthroughtheair,alsocalledjumper,itsabasicskill,butitrequiretheplayerhavegoodstrength.13XX外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2016屆畢業(yè)論文Line:theareatofreethrow,alsocalledfreethrowline.Layup:ashottakenclosetothebasketthatisusuallybankedoffthebackboardandintothebasket.Lcut:ano-ballrunningtechnique,tha

60、tsa90crossliketheletterofL.Leadership:itmeansoneplayerhaveagoodabilitytoleadthewholeteamed,hecouldleadandguideotherplayertofinishjobs.Ligament:thebodytissueofcontactingbones,likecruciateligamentlocatedinknees,itisinjuredeasily.Logicalline:areasonablerouteofoffense,anoffensiveconcept.Itmeanstakeareas