完形填空 (4)

1、第二篇語篇運用專題一完形填空最易拉開差距【考前思索】 我是不是在通讀全文后才開始答題？我能充分利用首句信息來答題嗎？我能否根據(jù)上下文的暗示來答題？完形填空題做好之后，我是不是將答案代入文章再檢驗一下？【考向聚焦】 完形填空題的特點是篇幅小，但起點高，題量大，字?jǐn)?shù)在230300之間。完形填空的選材近年來以第一人稱為主的夾敘夾議勵志型材料，具有極強的時代意義和真切的現(xiàn)實意義。完形填空考查考生對語法、詞匯、習(xí)語、句型、搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識的綜合運用能力和短文的閱讀理解能力，靈活運用語言知識的能力并且根據(jù)試題內(nèi)容進行正確的邏輯推理，綜合判斷和分析概括的能力。見Word版考點真題研練滿分技巧一抓住主旨大意【典

2、例1】 .When he asked 11(why) I was paying their bill I felt a little 12(shy) as I tried to cover my feelings.I finally replied，“When I saw that couple I got the feeling that they had to 13(struggle) to get what theyve got.So I decided to pay their bill.Now every time I think of the _20_ at the restaur

3、ant a smile spreads across my mouth，as I remember how once，I felt a strong desire to give freely to another.”20A.incident Bservice Cjoke Dfood解析此處是對上文整個敘述過程的概括，上文敘述的是作者通過自己的觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)一對夫婦經(jīng)濟拮據(jù)，于是動了憐憫之心，主動替二人支付了餐費。上述過程是發(fā)生在飯店中的一件小事。故本題選A。答案A【典例2】 Every morning I continued to watch the man with interest.So fa

4、r I havent seen anyone fail to wave back.I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n) difference to so many peoples lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly.His cheerfulness armed the start of my day.With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the _35_ of t

5、he whole neighborhood.35A.trends BobservationsCregulations Dfeelings解析在理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上進行綜合考慮是解答完形填空題的關(guān)鍵。本段前面提到作者看到the guard向陌生人揮手時，對方也揮手致謝，即使是一個表情刻板的商人也不例外。由此可見，微笑著向別人揮手改變的是他們的“感情”。前三項分別表示“趨勢”“觀察”“規(guī)章”，都與文章大意不符。答案DSoon it would be the holidays，but before that，there were year exams.All the _1_ had been wor

6、king hard for some time，reviewing their lessons for the exams.If they didnt _2_，they would have to retake in September.There were usually a few who _3_ ，but Jane didnt want to be one of them.She had worked hard all year，_4_ just before the exams she was working so hard that her sister Barbara was _5

7、_ about her.【語篇解讀】 考查主旨判斷。通過句首閱讀，捕捉關(guān)鍵信息，確定體裁，推斷題材，提煉主題。1A.teachers Bstudents Cclassmates Dschools解析根據(jù)“reviewing their lessons for the exams”推斷，此空應(yīng)填students，而classmates表述不清。答案B2A.prepare Bmiss Cjoin Dpass解析一般來說，如果一位學(xué)生考試不及格，就要補考。由“have to retake”推斷，應(yīng)用pass。答案D3A.succeeded Bfailed Cended Dcalled解析由“Jane

8、 didnt want to be one of them”和前一句話可知，應(yīng)用failed。答案B4A.but Bso Cor Dbecause解析前后形成對比，此處意為：她已刻苦學(xué)習(xí)整整一年了，可是臨考前還是很努力。應(yīng)用but。答案A5A.excited Bfrightened Cworried Dpleased解析根據(jù)上下文間的邏輯關(guān)系判斷，看到Jane學(xué)習(xí)這么努力，她姐姐Barbara自然擔(dān)心她。worry about sb“擔(dān)憂某人”，故用worried。答案C閱讀首句可知，本文是一篇記敘文。接下來作者一定要描述有關(guān)考試的事情。所以，做題時，一定要依據(jù)平常應(yīng)付考試時的表現(xiàn)和一般心理感

9、受，把詞匯鎖定在與考試有關(guān)的單詞或短語上。完形填空雖然篇幅短小，但卻是一個完整的語篇。考生一定要在把握全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上進行推斷，否則很容易背離全文的主題，連續(xù)出現(xiàn)錯誤。故考生在解題過程中切忌就句論句，首先要弄清文章的中心思想。 滿分技巧二理清細(xì)節(jié)【典例1】 I was born and brought up in the small town of Pineville，which I left at the age of sixteen.Twenty years _1_ I found myself back on a visit.I went to see my _2_ friend Tom

10、 Clark，who _3_ as ever，was chairman of the local club.1A.ago Blater Cearlier Dbefore2A.new Bold Cforgotten Dwelcome3A.active Blazy Cbrave Dshy【語篇解讀】 考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷。利用句首判斷時間和地點。解析句首大意：我在Pineville出生并長大成人，16歲離開了該城。很顯然，這是一篇記敘文，記敘了過去發(fā)生的一件事。從句首提示可知，一定是在20年后，“我”去參觀，因此，第一空細(xì)節(jié)元素時間，應(yīng)填later。因為作者離開家鄉(xiāng)已20多年了，所以家鄉(xiāng)的朋友已是老朋友了

11、，故第二空背景元素，應(yīng)填old。第三空細(xì)節(jié)對象仍然與句首交代的時間背景有關(guān)，根據(jù)as ever可知，這位老朋友還是像以前一樣那么活躍，是當(dāng)?shù)鼐銟凡康闹飨?，故答案填active。答案1.B2.B3.A【典例2】 Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it，and to go into their offices，factories or schools every day by train，car or bus，even though this means they have to get up _1_ in the morn

12、ing and reach _2_ later in the evening.1A.quickly Bearly Cearlier Dearliest2A.home Bfamily Cflat Dhouse【語篇解讀】 考查細(xì)節(jié)判斷。利用句首判斷時間和地點。解析根據(jù)句首可知，許多人愿意住在倫敦城外面，乘坐火車，小汽車或公共汽車上下班或上學(xué)。由此可以推斷他們?yōu)榱松舷掳嗷蛏蠈W(xué)不遲到必須早起，而晚上則很晚才回家。因此第一空應(yīng)填earlier，第二空應(yīng)填home才符合細(xì)節(jié)要求。答案1.B2.A點撥考查依據(jù)句首判斷細(xì)節(jié)元素時間和地點。閱讀首句可知，第一篇是一篇記敘文。接下來作者描述自己回到家鄉(xiāng)的見聞與感

13、觸。因此，做題時，考生把詞匯鎖定在與家鄉(xiāng)見聞有關(guān)的單詞或短語上。第二篇是一篇說明文，講解London人的日常學(xué)習(xí)、工作和生活習(xí)慣，要扣住客觀需求和自然規(guī)律字眼的詞匯。 滿分技巧三重視語篇情感【典例1】 Tom was seriously injured in the traffic accident and was taken to the hospital，and his parents were called for.They were very _1_ to hear of the accident and quickly rushed to his _2_.For three days

14、 Tom was not able to feel or think and his parents were _3_ that he might die.But on the fourth day Tom _4_ and spoke softly.His parents were _5_.The police by then had followed the owner of the car and caught hold of him at last.1A.angry Bplease Cshocked Ddisappointed2A.school Bhome Chospital Doffi

15、ce3A.worried Bready Cconfident Dcertain4A.felt sick Bgot up Cfell asleep Dwoke up5A.surprised Bcalm Cglad DPuzzled 【語篇解讀】 考查褒貶語境關(guān)系，判斷是非曲直。解析這是一組典型的褒貶語境題。聽到兒子在交通事故中受傷，父母一定是很震驚了，故第1空用shocked，并且急忙趕到醫(yī)院；第2空應(yīng)用hospital；第3空交代父母擔(dān)心他可能會死，只能用worried；第4空前面的連詞but暗示此處要用woke up，看到兒子醒來后，父母肯定感到高興，故用glad。答案1.C2.C3.A4.

16、D5.C點撥褒貶的語言情景關(guān)系的考查。幾乎每篇完形填空的語境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理狀態(tài)和情緒以及作者的寫作意圖。語境題在完形填空題中已占有一半題量，因此，利用好文章的語境關(guān)系就能對文章進行準(zhǔn)確性地邏輯判斷，在理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上推斷出每一空的準(zhǔn)確信息從而確定答案。其具體方法就是認(rèn)真讀原文，找出反映語境的標(biāo)志性的詞匯或句子，并大膽預(yù)測下文?！镜淅?】 Soon after Dave left college，one of his uncles，who was rich and had no children of his own，died and left a lot o

17、f money，so he decided to set up his own real estate company. He found a nice office，bought a lot of things to _1_ it，and moved in.He had only been there for a few hours _2_ he heard someone _3_ towards the door of his office. “Its my first visitor！”He thought.He quickly _4_ the telephone up and pret

18、ended to be very _5_ answering an important call from someone in New York.【語篇解讀】 這是一組典型的詞匯搭配題。1A.supply Bfurnish Cfill Dmatch解析Dave找到了一間辦公室，需要買很多東西來裝飾一下，故用furnish，意為“在(房屋等)內(nèi)布置家具”。supply意為“提供”；fill意為“(使)充滿”；match意為“與相配”。答案B2A.and Bthen Cwhen Dsuddenly解析此處要用when與前面的過去完成時連用，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)，此時的when意為“剛就”。答案C3A.g

19、oing BwalkingCapproaching Dentering解析此處意為：Dave聽到有人朝他辦公室門口走來。go意為“去，走”；approach和enter雖然意思上符合語境，但它們是及物動詞，后面不能接towards。答案B4A.hung Banswered Cpicked Dbrought解析此處意為：拿起了電話，應(yīng)填pick。pick up意為“拿起，舉起”；hang up意為“掛斷電話”；answer意為“回答，答復(fù)”，但后面不能跟介詞up；bring up“養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)”。答案C5A.interested Bactive Cbusy Dfascinated解析在語義上，這四

20、個詞都可以用，但只有busy后面跟動詞ing形式，表示“忙于做某事”。interested和active后面接“in doing.”結(jié)構(gòu)，fascinated后面接by短語，故busy符合語境要求。答案C【典例3】 When I graduated from high school.I went _1_ to graduate from the US.Naval Academy and later became an officer in the navy.The part of my job I _2_ most was the counseling meeting I _3_ with t

21、he family members of the men and women in my _4_，trying to help them deal with the long periods of _5_.These proved popular and word of them spread.【語篇解讀】 這5道題均屬語境化選擇題。段落大意：“我”從美國海軍學(xué)院畢業(yè)后，成為了一名海軍軍官。這項工作中“我”最喜歡的部分是為“我”負(fù)責(zé)管理的男女士兵的家人舉行咨詢會。1A.out Bon Caway Doff解析從本句話的語義來看，應(yīng)用on。go on to do sth表示“完成某事后接著做另一

22、件事”。答案B2A.took Bhated Cenjoyed Ddid解析I _ most是定語從句，先行詞是the part of my job，根據(jù)句意，do不能與part搭配，空格應(yīng)填enjoyed。答案C3A.ended Bbegan Ccontinued Dheld解析I _ with the family members.是定語從句，先行詞是counseling meeting，只有held符合搭配要求。答案D4A.charge Bsituation Cposition Dchoice解析通過語境可知，作者是一名海軍軍官，又根據(jù)搭配in my charge“有某人負(fù)責(zé)”進行推斷。答

23、案A5A.lessons Bmeeting Ctraining Dseparation解析既是語境化試題又是生活常識題。當(dāng)一名海軍就意味著要遠(yuǎn)離家人很長一段時間，故用separation。答案D點撥考查習(xí)慣搭配的語境關(guān)系，避免只重語意。高考完形填空題中有少量的試題來考查習(xí)慣搭配。該題型難度中等，但使考生容易丟分，其原因是考生只注重語義，而忽略了詞匯的習(xí)慣搭配，所以考生在準(zhǔn)確把握語境的同時，更要注意所要填入的名詞，形容詞，動詞與空格前面或后面的詞匯的習(xí)慣搭配，尤其要注意介詞或副詞的搭配關(guān)系。 滿分技巧四判斷行文邏輯【典例1】 In the depth of my memory，many thin

24、gs I did with my father still live.These things have come to represent，in fact，what I call _ and love.Adesire Bjoy Canger Dworry解析考查平行關(guān)系。句中and表示并列關(guān)系，根據(jù)后面的love可知，空格處要填一個相似范疇的名詞，所以首先排除anger和worry。而desire意為“渴望”，joy意為“快樂時光”，再結(jié)合語境，應(yīng)用joy。答案B【典例2】 After the discovery，scientists returned to the forest and _

25、1_ some hair and measured footprints.About 20 inches appears to be the animals foot！Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a _2_ of the forest.But in the meantime，some people _3_ to believe that this halfman，halfmonkey exists.They will not believe that it

26、 is _4_ until one of the animals has been caught.【語篇解讀】 考查邏輯判斷。1A.cut Bpulled Ccollected Dtore解析因為動物已經(jīng)逃走，也許會留下一些線索，所以科學(xué)家們回去只能是收集一些毛發(fā)。故只有collected符合語境邏輯關(guān)系。答案C2A.film Btour Cchoice Dstudy解析由上下文看出，這些科學(xué)家們集中力量來對這片森林進行研究，故用study。答案D3A.come Brefuse Cprefer Dhave解析根據(jù)前面的but可知，此句子應(yīng)表示相反的意思，即有些人不相信這種動物會存在。refus

27、e to believe意為“拒絕相信”。答案B4A.wrong Balive Creal Dcorrect解析句意：有些人不相信，除非有一天真能抓住一只這樣的動物，由此判斷，real正確。答案C點撥對邏輯關(guān)系準(zhǔn)確判斷的考查。邏輯關(guān)系是指表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)特定，意思密切相連，語氣一致的詞組或句子組成的語言現(xiàn)象，其形式整齊勻稱，內(nèi)容聯(lián)系緊密，進一步表達(dá)出語言的中心內(nèi)涵。 滿分技巧五巧用文化背景【典例】 The real marathon(a longdistance running race of 42.195km)in my town usually occurs during a heat wave.

28、My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance _1_ any of them needed medical attention. “Were supposed to stay behind the _2_ runner，so take it slowly，”I said to the driver，Doug，as the race started. The frontrunners started to _3_ and then my eyes were _4_ to the woman in blue silk running

29、 shorts and a loose white Tshirt.We knew we were already watching our“l(fā)ast runner”Her _5_ were so crippled that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk，let along run a marathon.【語篇解讀】 這是一組典型的文化背景常識考查題。1A.so that Bin caseCeven though Donly if解析考查行文邏輯和句法功能。in case引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“以防萬一”。答案B2A

30、.first Bbest Conly Dlast解析考查行文邏輯。根據(jù)下文可知，作者與司機跟在“最后邊”一位選手之后，應(yīng)用last。答案D3A.run Bseparate Cdisappear Dappear解析考查生活常識。根據(jù)上下文可知，左后一位選手受傷了，與前面的選手差距太大，自然當(dāng)有前面的選手開始“消失”時，作者才能注意到她。故應(yīng)用disappear。答案C4A.drawn Bthrown Cfixed Dcaught解析考查詞匯知識。只“我”的眼睛被吸引，應(yīng)用draw。答案A5A.hands Blegs Carms Dbody解析考查生活常識。根據(jù)下半句可知，她幾乎不能走，因而她的腿

31、應(yīng)該是受傷了，應(yīng)用legs。答案B點撥對生活常識或背景知識準(zhǔn)確判斷的考查。完形填空題基本上都是獨立的語篇，它提供了完整的語言信息，其中有時夾雜著社會知識，自然知識或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等常識知識?？忌诮獯饡r，要積極地運用自己所掌握的文化背景知識和生活常識，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，順利的解答試題。 滿分技巧六夯實語法詞匯【典例1】 At first his _ did not get across.“What was he walking about！”Then I got it.I had set my trays on his wifes ortho

32、pedic walker.I stood frozen as ice，but my face was on fire.I wanted to get into a hole and hide.Aidea Bpraise Cmessage Dneed解析考查同義詞辨析。idea指“注意，想法”；message則表示某人所要傳達(dá)的信息，本句中g(shù)et across意為“使理解”，所以它的主語應(yīng)與表示傳遞信息類的名詞有關(guān)，故用message。答案C點撥對常見同義詞或近義詞準(zhǔn)確用法的考查?！镜淅?】 It is always ressuring at times like these，when empl

33、oyees so clearly show their _ to their jobs.Adevotion Bdonation Cconnection Dreaction解析考查形近詞辨析。句意：有時候像這樣，當(dāng)員工們?nèi)绱嗣黠@地表現(xiàn)出他們對工作的忠于職守時，總是令人欣慰的。這四個詞都是以tion結(jié)尾的形近詞。devotion指“熱愛，忠誠”；donation“捐贈”，connection“聯(lián)系”，reaction“反應(yīng)”，根據(jù)句意推斷，應(yīng)用devotion。答案A點撥對常見形近詞準(zhǔn)確用法的考查?！镜淅?】 “Why not put the egg in a basket with a para

34、chute _？”Cassie rolled her eyes.“The parachute is better that stupid idea.”Afollowed Bcovered Cattached Dsupported解析考查語法和行文邏輯。此處要表示“將籃子系到降落傘上”，語法要求是要用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with名詞ed)。attach意為“粘連，系住”；follow“跟隨”，cover“覆蓋”，support“支持”，根據(jù)句意推斷，應(yīng)用attached。答案C【典例4】 A mining engineer enjoyed flying very much.One day，he

35、was flying his own plane over a lonely island when a _1_ storm came，so he was _2_ to make a forced landing.The plane was in good _3_ but his legs and shoulder got _4_ hurt.After getting out of the plane with great _5_，he found nothing but high green hills _6_ the place.He lay there expecting to die.

36、【語篇解讀】 這是一組典型的語境判斷和詞匯運用題。1A.quick Bwonderful Cheavy Dsudden解析語境題。從下文提到他緊急著陸可知，所遇到的風(fēng)暴一定很猛烈，故用heavy。答案C2A.ordered Bforbidden Cpermitted Dobliged解析詞匯題。根據(jù)上文可知，此處他沒有辦法，只好著陸，用be obliged to表示“被迫”。答案D3A.condition Brelation Caction Dspeed解析詞匯題。飛機狀態(tài)良好，但他的腿和肩受了傷。前后兩句形成了對比。in good condition“狀況良好”，符合語境。relation“

37、關(guān)系”；action“行為”；speed“速度”，由此判斷，要用condition。答案A4A.slightly Bseriously Chardly Dluckily解析語境題。由“He lay there expecting to die”可推知，他所受的傷，較為“嚴(yán)重”，應(yīng)用seriously。答案B5A.pleasure Battention Cdifficulty Dachievement解析語境題。由于傷勢嚴(yán)重，所以從飛機出來時顯得十分“艱難”，應(yīng)用difficulty。答案C6A.covering Bwrapping Cholding Dsurrounding解析語境題。此為現(xiàn)場

38、背景，意思為：四周群山環(huán)繞。結(jié)合句意，應(yīng)用suround“環(huán)繞”。答案D點撥對常見詞匯準(zhǔn)確用法的考查?！镜淅?】 “I was looking _ thinking of what to buy，and I stopped to read the little cards on the Giving Trees”Aout Bover Cforward Daround解析詞匯題。短語動詞搭配。look around“到處尋找；環(huán)視”；look over“瀏覽”；look out“小心，當(dāng)心”；look forward“向前看”，由此判斷，應(yīng)用look around。答案D【典例6】 I knew

39、 she had strict sleeping habits，but I thought she ought to be able to _ some of this strictness.Aput up Btake up Cpick up Dgive up解析語境題。上句內(nèi)容和but暗示，此處應(yīng)用give up“放棄，剔除；改掉”。短語動詞take up“占用時間或空間；參加事務(wù)”；pick up“改善；好轉(zhuǎn)”；put up“建立；搭起”均與語境不符。答案D點撥對短語動詞辨析的考查。短語動詞在完形填空題中是比較常見的，占有一定的比例。這類短語有兩種考查方式：一種是四個選項中只有一個搭配是正

40、確的；另一種是四個選項的搭配不止一個正確，這時考生須借助上下文的意思作出適當(dāng)?shù)呐袛唷５袝r介詞的搭配也少不了。 滿分技巧七學(xué)會邏輯推理 四個選項從詞匯搭配，語法角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞，句，段三者存在著內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，此時需要從上下文中尋找有關(guān)的提示或暗示，對文章的情節(jié)進行邏輯推理，抓住關(guān)鍵信息，理順句與句之間的關(guān)系，確定合理的答案?！镜淅?】 When the Red Cross started blood banks to collect and store blood for men wounded in battle，black American gave bl

41、ood along with the whites.At first their blood was not accepted.Later blood from the blacks was _ but was stored in a separate place from “white”blood.Areceived Baccepted Clost Dfound解析考查原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。此空的前一句是“At first their blood was not accepted”根據(jù)行文邏輯可知，此處仍要用accepted，一開始黑人的血不被接受，而后來被接受了。答案B點撥原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，即同一概念重復(fù)出現(xiàn)

42、?！镜淅?】 It seems your tray stand has been very useful to you，but we are getting ready to leave now，and my wife needs her _ back.Abag Bwalker Ctray Dcoat解析考查原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。前一句是：你的這個托盤架對你似乎很有用，但是，我們現(xiàn)在要走了，我的妻子想拿回她的“托盤”。根據(jù)前面部分出現(xiàn)的tray stand，他們是想拿回“我”誤拿的托盤。故tray正確。答案C點撥原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，即同一概念重復(fù)出現(xiàn)?！镜淅?】 I never felt so _ as I did

43、 that day，.poor.Aangry Brich Cpatient Dbitter解析考查反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。作者說出自己家很貧寒，但此時感覺在那天說的事在精神上是很“富有”的。由此只有rich符合句意要求。答案B點撥同義詞，近義詞，反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。同義詞，近義詞，反義詞是借助意思相同，相近或相反的表達(dá)方式或解釋性語言使上下文的意思得以連接起來。因此，做題時，應(yīng)充分注意分析上下文中出現(xiàn)的解釋性語言。 【典例4】 “I have a brilliant design for our egg container！A protective one！”I said when Cassie arrived.

44、“We can _ the egg with some butter cream.”Aprotect Breplace Ccarry Dmix解析考查同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)文中的“a protective one”可知，此處要用protective的動詞形式protect“保護，防護”。答案A點撥同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。對于上下文意思復(fù)現(xiàn)的表達(dá)，可以借助于復(fù)現(xiàn)信息的同根詞來補全信息，巧妙運用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，輕松選擇判斷?！镜淅?】 What is the _1_ of studying towns in this way？For me，it is _2_ that one gets a greater depth o

45、f pleasure by visiting and seeing a town with ones own eyes.A _3_ visit to a town may help one better understand why it is attractive _4_ just reading about it in a guide book.1A.point Bview Cproblem Ddifficulty解析考查詞匯辨析。point意為“意圖，目的”，如Begin your work now.There is no point in wasting time.現(xiàn)在就開始你的工作吧，耗時間沒有用。答案A2A.nearly Bsimply Cgenerally Dhardly解析考查詞匯辨析。nearly“幾乎”，generally“一般地”，hardly“幾乎不”都不符合題意。simply“僅僅，只不過”，作者以這種方式去了解一座城市的原因很簡單，僅僅是通過親眼看看，去感受以獲取更大的快樂。答案B3A.costly