如何做一個(gè)演講高手ppt課件

1、 Making Presentations 演 講.Purposes for making presentationsTo demonstrate: a service, product, system.To create: an image, strategy.To entertain: colleagues, outside people.To sell: a concept, product, idea.To represent: a group, company, department.To promote: an attitude, a way of working.To sugge

2、st: a solution, a new concept. . 演講是一個(gè)雙向溝經(jīng)過(guò)程圖4.1 演講過(guò)程.圖4.2 演講后的問(wèn)題.圖4.3 演講反響. 內(nèi)容構(gòu)造：演講的要素演講的構(gòu)造演講的技巧演 講. 第一節(jié) 演講的要素演講的三要素：信息、演講者、聽(tīng)眾一、信息 信息可以由演講者與聽(tīng)眾共同分享。演講中的信息，主要是言語(yǔ)信息。二、演講者 演講者是信息的發(fā)源地。演講者主要以言語(yǔ)傳送信息，還用動(dòng)作、手勢(shì)、姿態(tài)、表情等傳送非言語(yǔ)符號(hào)的輔助信息。 .三、聽(tīng)眾 聽(tīng)眾是什么人 目的是什么(一) 聽(tīng)眾心思的四個(gè)特點(diǎn) 1聽(tīng)眾對(duì)信息的接受具有選擇性 ； 2聽(tīng)眾心思是獨(dú)立認(rèn)識(shí)與從眾心思的矛盾一致； 3“名片效應(yīng)與“

3、本人人效應(yīng)； 4首因效應(yīng)和近因效應(yīng)。.(二) 聽(tīng)眾的構(gòu)成Your superiors 上級(jí)聽(tīng)眾 Your colleagues 同事聽(tīng)眾 Your team 班組聽(tīng)眾 A mixed audience 混合聽(tīng)眾 A hostile audience 不友好的聽(tīng)眾 An international audience 國(guó)際聽(tīng)眾 . 在演講的整個(gè)預(yù)備過(guò)程中，演講者思想上要不斷想著聽(tīng)眾； 演講者要列出其對(duì)聽(tīng)眾了解的清單 演講者可以假設(shè) 演講者要抓住并使聽(tīng)眾堅(jiān)持對(duì)演講的興趣和想象力 演講者要對(duì)聽(tīng)眾留意力進(jìn)展再刺激 聽(tīng)眾容易記住構(gòu)造方式清楚并得到反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容 演講者經(jīng)過(guò)聽(tīng)眾的耳聞目擊進(jìn)入聽(tīng)眾的記憶 .三

4、目的 演講者該當(dāng)能用一個(gè)短句寫下其演說(shuō)的目的比如： “獲得對(duì)第34號(hào)工程的資金同意認(rèn)定。 “壓服這位顧客購(gòu)買我們一臺(tái)電腦。 “通知我的集體今年公司成果怎樣。我們?yōu)槭裁匆龅酶谩?然后演講者要斷定他(她)能否要盡力向聽(tīng)眾： 施加影響 告知情況 教授知識(shí) .Preparation checklistObjectives: recheck that you have defined your objective correctly.Structure: does your presentation have a clearly identifiable structure?Content: is

5、all said that needs saying?Sequence: is it logical? Are all links and summaries appropriate?Time: is sufficient time available for all you want to say?Balance: is each section weighted correctly? Check the priorities of your arguments and facts.Conclusion: does it make people sit up and agree with y

6、ou? Is it punchy?Objectives: do all the above work towards achieving your objectives? . 第二節(jié) 演講的構(gòu)造一、Structuring a presentation 演講的構(gòu)造 An effective presentation structure includes: 1. Use an effective opening 開(kāi)場(chǎng)白 2. Give a preview 主要論點(diǎn)的預(yù)覽 3. State your main points clearly 主要論點(diǎn)的嚴(yán)厲界定 4. Use an effective

7、closing 終了語(yǔ). 1. Use an effective opening 利用有效開(kāi)場(chǎng)白 Goals 目的 Techniques 技巧 Use humor 運(yùn)用幽默 Refer to the unusual 談?wù)劮峭瑢こＶ?Refer to the familiar 談?wù)劥蠹叶际炝?xí)的事 Use audience motivation techniques 運(yùn)用煽動(dòng)聽(tīng)眾技巧. 表4.1 開(kāi)頭實(shí)例例1：提問(wèn) “我想問(wèn)一下在座的諸位，哪位知道過(guò)去24小時(shí)里在中國(guó)有多少孩子出生? “我想知道，假設(shè)我通知您，您的計(jì)算機(jī)在買進(jìn)時(shí)曾經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，您有何感想?例2：現(xiàn)實(shí)陳說(shuō) “今天，我們市又有30個(gè)孩子的

8、父親因工去世這類死亡本可得到預(yù)防!例3：提及 “今天，這里的每一位都記得，當(dāng)我們聽(tīng)到唐山大地震時(shí)的震驚和悲痛。.例4：主題 “我今晚要給您講述令人激動(dòng)振奮的xR5多用程序，然后通知您這種電腦將如何改動(dòng)您的經(jīng)商方式。例5：援用 “一位偉人說(shuō)：每個(gè)人的閱歷遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越他的想像范圍。不過(guò)，正是閱歷而不是想象，才影響人的行為。例6: 感染心情 “好心的人們，您只需掏五毛線，就可以使這個(gè)孩子活下去，直到下年的收獲季節(jié)，那時(shí)他就可以養(yǎng)活本人。. 2. Give a preview 預(yù)覽主要的論點(diǎn)3. State your main points clearly 明確論述主要論點(diǎn) Follow your pre

9、view 嚴(yán)厲遵照演講預(yù)覽 Limit your main points 限制主要論點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù) Use explicit transitions 運(yùn)用明晰的承接詞 Provide internal summaries 做階段性小結(jié)4. Use an effective closing 運(yùn)用有效的終了語(yǔ) Give a summary 做個(gè)總結(jié) Refer to the opening 前后呼應(yīng) End with the action steps 以行動(dòng)方案結(jié)尾 Refer to audience benefits 談?wù)剬?duì)聽(tīng)眾的益處. 表4.2 結(jié)尾實(shí)例例1：提問(wèn) “所以，女士們，先生們，我要提請(qǐng)諸

10、位思索一一假設(shè)有人通知您，您正在遭到這種疾病的困繞，您有何感想?例2：提示 “今天，在我們的節(jié)目里，我要使您認(rèn)識(shí)到，我們需求有更強(qiáng)更專業(yè)化的經(jīng)銷活動(dòng)。而實(shí)踐上，經(jīng)過(guò)向您展現(xiàn)一個(gè)等待我們未開(kāi)發(fā)的宏大市場(chǎng)，我想我已實(shí)現(xiàn)了目的。.例3：行動(dòng) “我的建議已通知諸位。時(shí)間已刻不容緩。假設(shè)我們想防止災(zāi)難，那就必需立刻行動(dòng)。要想保證公司未來(lái)的昌盛，希望各位不要再躊躇，行動(dòng)起來(lái)! 例4：選擇 “在我看來(lái)，我們有三種選擇：或者接受工會(huì)最后通牒；或者爭(zhēng)取時(shí)間思索我們的立場(chǎng)；或者采取最后行動(dòng)。例5：灌輸憂患 “所以，女士們，先生們，假設(shè)我們不能在下季度將銷售額提高10，并堅(jiān)持這一增長(zhǎng)程度一兩年，那么我們公司將面臨倒

11、閉的危險(xiǎn)。 .二、Questions and answers 問(wèn)答過(guò)程 1. When to take questions 何時(shí)接受提問(wèn) Questions after the presentation 演講后提問(wèn) Questions during the presentation 演講過(guò)程中提問(wèn) 2. How to take questions 如何接受提問(wèn) Prepare in advance 作好事前預(yù)備 Show your understanding 表示出對(duì)聽(tīng)眾的了解 Stick to your objective and your organization 按照自已的目的和方案行事

12、 Keep everyone involved 讓每個(gè)人都參與 . 3. What to say if you dont know the answer 不知道答案時(shí)應(yīng)該說(shuō)些什么 If you dont know 假設(shè)對(duì)答案一無(wú)所知 If you need some time to think 假設(shè)需求時(shí)間思索 4. How to answer difficult questions 如何回答難以回答的問(wèn)題 Confusing questions 含義不明確的問(wèn)題 Controlling questions 具有控制權(quán)的問(wèn)題 Hostile questions 不友善的問(wèn)題.三、Special

13、 speaking situations 一些特殊的講話場(chǎng)所1. Manuscript speaking 照講稿講話 Use “spoken style 使講稿“口語(yǔ)化 Write and edit 撰寫與編輯 Prepare the manuscript 講話稿的預(yù)備 2. Impromptu speaking 即席講話 Anticipate 事先預(yù)料 Keep your remarks short 發(fā)言要簡(jiǎn)短 Organize as well as you can 盡量有條理 Relate to experience 與他的閱歷拉上關(guān)系 .3. Team presentations 團(tuán)隊(duì)演

14、講 Organize as a whole 從整體出發(fā)進(jìn)展組織 Provide content transitions between speakers 不同演講人之間要有承上啟下的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī) Use visual aids consistently 運(yùn)用一致一致的視聽(tīng)輔助工具 Rehearse and deliver as a group 作為集體進(jìn)展試講和實(shí)踐演講 Answer questions consistently 協(xié)調(diào)一致地回答以下問(wèn)題 4. Media and telecommunications 經(jīng)過(guò)傳播媒體和遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備演講 Preparing in advance 作好事前預(yù)備 U

15、sing audio devices 運(yùn)用音響設(shè)備 Being on camera 面對(duì)攝像機(jī).EXERCISE: Prepare a short presentation to last five minutes. Your audience are your classmates, and the subject matter is about something that you have a deep interest in or about which you hold a strong conviction. .第三節(jié) 演講言語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用技巧一、言語(yǔ)表達(dá)的三個(gè)根本要求 準(zhǔn)確精煉 上口入

16、耳 籠統(tǒng)生動(dòng) 如“望梅止渴 比喻 林肯的著名演講 援用設(shè)問(wèn)反問(wèn)排比.The use of your voiceIs your voice boring?Do you speak in a monotone, or vary your pitch?Is the speed of your delivery constant? Varied?Do you drop your voice at the end of a sentence?Is your breathing right? Do you run out of breath in the middle of a sentence? (It

17、a probably too long then!)How do you make a point or emphasize a key issue? Do you raise your voice? Do you speak more slowly? More quickly? Do you repeat it?Do you use long words? Short words? Long sentences? Why? When?Are your words within the vocabulary of your audience? Do they understand you?Af

18、ter your next presentation, ask a friend in the audience for constructive feedback on the above points. .二、有聲言語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用技巧聲音重音 “我請(qǐng)他吃餃子 “我的貓坐在席子上 “我沒(méi)說(shuō)他偷了我的書(shū) 吐字.二、有聲言語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用技巧語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)調(diào)愛(ài)的感情：“氣徐聲柔，漫和感憎的感情：“氣促聲硬，擠壓感悲的感情：“氣沉聲緩，遲滯感喜的感情：“氣滿聲高，騰躍感懼的感情：“氣提聲凝，緊縮感急的感情：“氣短聲促，緊迫感怒的感情：“氣粗聲重，震動(dòng)感疑的感情：“氣細(xì)聲粘，躊躇感 .二、有聲言語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用技巧停頓 語(yǔ)法停頓

19、 邏輯停頓 “養(yǎng)豬大如山老鼠頭頭死 我們的目的一定要到達(dá) 我們的目的一定可以到達(dá) 心思停頓節(jié)拍輕快型，持重型，高揚(yáng)型，復(fù)合型.Your body languageDo you talk to the audience, or to the screen behind you?Do you actively seek eye contact with specific members of the audience? Do you sweep over them or fix them beadily in the eye?Do you know who the decision makers

20、are, and speak primarily to them?Do you tend to concentrate on looking to the right or left, to the front or back of the audience?Are your gestures congruent with your message? Too exaggerated? Are you too stiff?Do you have any distracting mannerisms?Are your movements simple? Or do you pace like a caged tiger?Are you natural? Are you yourself?Do you create barriers between you and your audience?.三、身體言語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用技巧： 表情眼神 看著聽(tīng)眾說(shuō)話 與聽(tīng)眾的目光進(jìn)展真實(shí)性接觸 多種眼神并用 身體姿態(tài)、手勢(shì).演說(shuō)技藝自我評(píng)價(jià) 評(píng)價(jià)規(guī)范：非常不贊同非常不符合(1分) 不贊同/