2017年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題卷三

1、淘寶(第 3 套)：飛向未來(lái)_20152017 年 12 月大四級(jí)Part IWriting(30 minutes)ndle the relationshipDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to besbetn doctors and patients. You should writeeast 120 words but no moren 180 words.Part II說(shuō)明：由于 2017 年 12 月四級(jí)Listening Comprehen(25 m

2、inutes)與前 2 套內(nèi)容完全一樣，只是順序不一共考了 2 套，本套樣，因此在本套中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。Part Section ADirections:Reading Comprehen( 40 minutes )his section, there issage with ten bls. You are required to selectord for each blfrom a listof choigiven in a word bfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your

3、choi.is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2Each choicehe bwisingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the wordshe bmoren once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.We all know there exists a great void（空白he public

4、educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM（Science,Technology, Engineering and Mathematics）courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all

5、27 of the public educational system. She said, “I started Engineering For Kids (EFK)after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in”She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quicklyand when it rea

6、ched 180 members and the kidshe program won several se 30 , she decided to devote all her time tocultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, theEFK program 33over 144 branches in 3

7、2 ses withhe United Ses and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from$5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015,with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website ses, “Our nation isnot 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understandgreat 35 .”t engineering is a

8、Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten sements attached to it. Each sement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph moren once. Each paragraph is marked with a

9、letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingattractedI）feedingcareerJ）graduatingchampionshipsK） erestdegreesL）levelsdeveloM）localenrollN）operatesexureO）participated H）feasibleletter on Answer Sheet 2.淘寶：飛向未來(lái)_2015Why arent you curious about whappened?A) “You suspended Ray Rice after our,

10、” a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League CommiserRoger Gol the other day. “Why didnt you have the curiosity to go to the casino () yourself?” The implication ofthe question ist a more curious. commiser would have found a way to get the t.B) The accusation of incuriosity is onet we h

11、ear often, carrying the suggestiont there is something wrong with notwanting to search out the truth. “I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity,” said a Democraticmember of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on t

12、he part of an assistanttJerseyernor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the Gee Washington Bridge trafficscandal. “Isnt the mainstream media the least bit curious about whappened?” wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubinearr this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Be

13、nghazi, Libya.C) The implication, in each case, ist curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are such accusationssimply efforts to score political pos for ones party? Or is there something of particular value aboitself?uriosity in and ofD) The journalist Ian Les, in his new a

14、nd enjoyabook Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Fatter Depends onIt, insistst the answer tot last question is Yes. Lest we are losing it.arguest curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue,crul to our sucs, andE)We are suffering, he writes, from a “serendipity deficit.” The word “serendipity”

15、 was coined by Horace Walpole in an1854 letter, from a tale of three prinwho “were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in searchof,” Lesworriest the rise of theernet, among other sol and technological changes, has reduced our appetite foraimless adventures. No longer have

16、 we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of know ledges, ready to besurprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F) Why is this a problem? Because withouriosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. We will seeunimaginativeernments and dying corpor

17、ations make disastrous decis. We will lose a vital part of whas madehumanity as a whole so sucsful as a species.G) Lespresents considerable evidence for the proitiont the society as a whole is growing less curious.he U.S.and Europe, for example, the rise of theernet has led to a declining consumptio

18、n of news from outside the readersborders .But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline inidentified by Les. Reading literary fiction, he says ,make us more curious.erest in literary fiction is also one of the causesH)Moreover, in order to be curious, “you have to be aware of a gap

19、in your knowledgeheplace.” Although Lesperhaps papoouts a bit broadly in contendingt the problem is growing: “t most of us are unaware of how much we dont know, herely right tocan give us theerful illut all questions have definite answers.”I）, for which Lesexpresses admiration, is also his frequent

20、whipbody(替罪羊). He quotesco-founder Larry Page to the effectt the “perfect search engine” will “understand exactly what I mean and give me backexactly what I want.” Elsewhere in the book, Lesaltogether.”writes: “aims to save you from the thirst of curiosityJ) Somewhat nostalgically(懷舊地), he quotes Jo

21、hn Maynard Keyness justly famous words of praise to the bookstore:“One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk therounds of the bookshops, dipin as curiosity dices, should be an afternoons entertaent.” If only!K) Citing the

22、 work of psychologists and cognitive( 認(rèn)知的)scientists, Lescriticizes the received wisdomt academics is the result of a combination ofellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, h淘e a寶rgu：the飛th向ird未ke來(lái)y f_ac2t0o1r 5and asucdifficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: “Childhood c

23、uriosity is a collaboration betadult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone.”n child andL) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a wayt makes children incurious. Children of educated andupper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages,n children of

24、working class and lowerclass famis.t lack of curiosity produa relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if notimsible to compensate for later on.M）Although Less book isnt about politics, he doesnt entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leaderof otheraniz

25、ations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crul moments . There serious consequen, hewarns, in not wanting to know.N) He presents as an example the failure of the Gee W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after-effects ofthe invaremarkof Iraq. According to Les, those who ri

26、diculed former. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002t we have to be wary of the “unknown unknowns” were mistaken. Rumsfelds idea, Leswrites, “wasntabsurd- it was smart.” He adds, “The tragedy ist he didnt follow his own advice.”O(jiān)) All of which brings us back to Gol and the Christie case an

27、d Benghazi. Each critichose examples is charging, ina different way,t someone in authority isentionally being incurious. I leave it to the readers political preference todecide which, if any, charges should stick. But lets be careful about demanding curiosity about the other sides weaknesses and rem

28、aining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake-evenwhen what we find out is something we didnt particularly want to know.36. To be curious, we need to realizeof allt there are many things we dont know.37. According to Les, curiosity is essent

29、ial to onecs.38. We should feel happy whenursue knowledge for knowledges sake.39. Political leaders lack of curiosity will result in bad consequen.40. There are often accusations about politins and the medias lack of curiosity to find out the truth.41. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge

30、 the child may turn out to have.42. It is widely acceptedt academicplishments in bothelligence and diligence.43. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.44. Both the rise of theernet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to peoples declining

31、curiosity.45. Mind wouldnt be so innovative withouriosity.Section CDirections: There are 2 passageshis section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sements. Foreach of them there are four choimarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorrespondin

32、g letter on Answer Sheet 2 wisingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”O(jiān)n the other hand, scientists are incre

33、asingly learningt aging and biological age are two different things, andtthe former is a key risk factor for conditionch as heart disease, cancer and many more.hight, aging itself might beseen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood prere or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex

34、Zhavoronkov bevest aging should be considered a disease. He saidt describing aging as adisease creates incentives to develop treatments.“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical(制藥的)industry soside effects,” he said.t they can begreati淘ng寶th：ase飛an向d n未ot來(lái)jus_t2th0e15“Right now, people think of agi

35、ng as natural and something you cant control,” he said. “In academic circles, peopletake aging research as just anerest area where they can try to developerventions. The medical community also takesaging franted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”But if ag

36、ing were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care.What matters is understanding“It was always knownt aging is curable.”t the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways torepairt damage. I think of it as prev

37、entive medicine for age-related conditions.”Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the ideat aging can be curedimps the human lifespan can be increased, which some researcherggest issible. Hayflick is not among them.“Therere many people who recover from ca

38、ncer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging isseparate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still notgo much92 years.”What do people generally beve about aging?It should cause no alarm whatsoever.They ju

39、st cannot do anything about it.It should be regarded as a kind of disease.D)They can delay it widvanin science.How do many scientists view aging now?It might be prevented and treated.It can be as risky as heart disease.It results from a vitamin deficiency.D)It is an irreversibiological pros.What doe

40、s Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.It will grey help reduce the side effects of aging.It will free pharmacists from the conventional befs about aging.It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.What

41、do we learn about the medical community?A) They now have a strongerest in research on aging.B) They differ from the academic circlesheir view on aging.C)They can contribute to peoples health only to a limited extent.D) They have ways toervene in peoples aging pros.50. What does Professor Leonard Hay

42、flick beve? A)The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.B)Aging is hardly separable from disease.C) Few people can live up toof 92.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passageFemale applicants totdoctoralitions in geoscienwere nearly half

43、 as likely to receive excellent letters ofmendation, compared with their male countarts. Christopheragliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the scien. Men score higher starting salaries, have morementoring (指導(dǎo)), and have better odds of being hired. Studies show theyre a

44、lso perceived as more competentn womenin STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research revealst men are more likely to淘寶：飛向未來(lái)_2015receive excellent letters of“Say, you know, this ismendation, too.the best student Ive ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a sol scientist and

45、 diversity officer atColumbia Universitys Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters wimerely good letter: The candidate wasproductive, orelligent, or a solid scientist or somethingts clearly solid praise, but nothingt singles out thecandidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colle

46、agues studied moren 1,200 letters ofmendation fortdoctoralitions in geoscience.They were all edited fender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score withoutknowing tder of the student. They foundt female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding l

47、etters,compared with their male countmen and women. The findings arearts.t includes letters ofmendation from all over the world, and written by, yes,he journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the datahe files.But

48、 she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of theircareers starting with those lessn outstanding letters ofmendation.“Were not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone conscious sexist. Rather, the pois to use ther

49、esults of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be ia departmental level or an institutionallevel or even a discipline level.” Whiay lead to somemendations for the letter writers themselves.What do we learn about applicants toThere are many more men applyingtdoctoraln women.itions in geoscien?B)Chanfor women to get theitions are sc