《高級(jí)英語》考試試卷(A)

1、高級(jí)英語考試試卷（A）考試時(shí)間： 120 分鐘 I. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words and phrases. (10%)appeal to press forward in the long run withdraw fromto the utmost at odds keep abreast of devoid of in due course insistent onThe child seems to be quite _ any sense of right or wrong. Not

2、surprising really when you think what his parents are like.With that possibility in mind, I shall find the murderer _. Modern liberalism is fundamentally _ _ with democratic government because it demands results that ordinary people would not freely choose.In the extension of medical services to all

3、 the people, the qualified medical and hospital facilities already established are utilized _.Moving to Spain will be better for you _ _.Farmers have _ the government for help.A great many worries can _ him _ active participation in work and life.So much is happening in the world of science that its

4、 difficult to _ all the latest developments.Those individuals and companies confined to all-domestic operations are most likely to suffer by lower prices and have been among those most _ tariff protection. What happened today does nothing to diminish it. We must _ on manned space mission.II. Paraphr

5、ase the following sentences, especially paying attention to the underlined part. （20%）1. The plutonium would then be vaporized and released into the environment; and there goes Florida. (Jenny Clanton)2. Two failures in nine trips are great in baseball, but not when were dealing with nuclear payload

6、s. (Jenny Clanton)3. If a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor (John F. Kennedy)4. to remember that in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (John F. Kennedy)5. And let eve

7、ry other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (John F. Kennedy)6. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remain. (Winston Churchill)7. All this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding. (Winston Chur

8、chill)8. The scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests will be in vain. (Winston Churchill)9. affection which is received should liberate the affection which is to be given, and only where both exist in equal measure does affection achieve its best possibilities. (Bertra

9、nd Russell)10. Evidently this springs from some defect in their nature, but it is one not altogether easy either to diagnose or to cure. (Bertrand Russell)III. Point out the rhetorical device in the underlined part of each sentence and write your answers on the answer sheet. Only one item can be cho

10、sen for each sentence. (10%)personification metonymy rhetoric question onomatopoeia antithesis transferred epithet metaphor parallelism alliteration simile She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. I like all the small noises of a ship: the

11、 faint creaking, the slap of a rope, the hiss of sudden spray. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. No one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history. But above all I l

12、ove these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. It was that population and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and recklessness of cost or consequences. There lies before us, if we choose, continual progress in happiness, knowledge, and wisdom. Shall we

13、, instead, choose death, because we cannot forget our quarrels? I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony, where thousands upon thousand

14、s of cities had vanished in sorrow and tears.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. A moment later, the hurricane in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.IV. Proofreading (10%) (see “Answer Sheet”)V Reading compr

15、ehension (25%)Passage 1Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more enervating than not succeedingbeing blocked, not moving ahead. It is a vicious circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and the fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which compounds the failure

16、. We experience this tiredness in two main ways: as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are under some compulsions to discharge. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we shirk it. And the longer we postpone it, t

17、he more tired we feel. Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply, an exertion of will power. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of other

18、things I have to do, I clear my desk of every thing else and attach the objectionable item first. To prevent start-up fatigue, always tackle the most difficult job first. Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are not reluctant to get started but we cannot seem to do the job right.

19、 Its difficulties appear insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. In such a situation, I work as hard as I canthen let the unconscious take over. 1. Which of the following can be

20、called a vicious circle?Success-zeal-success-zealFailure-tiredness-failure-tirednessFailure-zeal-failure-zealSuccess-exhaustion-success-exhaustion2. According to the passage, when we keep putting off a task, we can experience_. A. tiredness B. performance fatigue C. start-up fatigue D. unconsciousne

21、ss3. To overcome start-up fatigue, we need _. A. toughness B. prevention C. muscles D. strong willpower4. The word “insurmountable” in the last paragraph probably means _. A. that cannot be solved B. that cannot be understood C. that cannot be imagined D. that cannot be objected5. According to the p

22、assage, which of the following statement is not true?It is easier to overcome start-up fatiguePerformance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blocked.One will finally succeed after experiencing the vicious circleFatigue often accompanies failurePassage 2Every minute of every day,

23、 what ecologist James Carlton- an oceanographer at Williams College in Williamstown, Mass. - calls a global conveyor belt redistributes ocean organisms. Its planet wide biological disruption that scientists have barely begun to understand. These creatures move from coastal waters where they fit into

24、 the local web of life to places where some of them could tear that web apart. This is the larger dimension of the infamous invasion of fish-destroying, pipe-clogging zebra mussels. What concerns Carlton and his fellow marine ecologists is the lack of knowledge about the hundreds of alien invaders t

25、hat quietly enter coastal waters around the world every day. Whats new is the scale and speed of the migrations made possible by the massive volume of ship-ballast water, continuously moving around the world Ships load up with ballast water and its inhabitants in coastal waters of one port and dump

26、the ballast in another port that may be thousands of kilometers away. A single load can run to hundreds of gallons. Some larger ships take on as much as 40 million gallons. The creatures that come along tend to be in their larva freefloating stage. When discharged in alien waters they can mature int

27、o crabs, jellyfish, slugs, and many other forms. Since the problem involves coastal species, simply banning ballast dumps in coastal waters would, in theory, solve it. Coastal organisms in ballast water that is flushed into midocean would not survive. Such a ban has worked for North American Inland

28、Waterway. But it would be hard to enforce it worldwide. Heating ballast water or straining it should also halt the species spread. But before any such worldwide regulations were imposed, scientists would need a clearer view of what is going on. The continuous shuffling of marine organisms has change

29、d the biology of the sea on a global scale. It can have devastating effects as in the case of the American comb jellyfish that recently invaded the Black Sea. It has destroyed that seas anchovy fishery by eating anchovy eggs. It may soon spread to western and northern European waters. The maritime n

30、ations that created the biological conveyor belt should support a coordinated international effort to find out what is going on and what should be done about it.6. According to Dr. Carlton, ocean organisms are _. A. being moved to new environments. B. destroying the planet. C. succumbing to the zebr

31、a mussel. D. developing alien characteristics.7. Oceanographers are concerned because _. A. their knowledge of this phenomenon is limited. B. they believe the oceans are dying. C. they fear an invasion from outer-space. D. they have identified thousands of alien webs.8. It can be inferred from the a

32、rticle that banning ballast dumps in coastalwaters proved successful in _. A. North American Inland Waterway B. the globe C. Europe D. America9. According to Marine ecologists, transplanted marine species _. A. are all compatible with one another. B. may upset the ecosystems of coastal waters. C. ca

33、n only survive in their home waters. D. sometimes disrupt shipping lanes.10. The identified cause of the problem is _. A. the rapidity with which larvae mature. B. a common practice of the shipping industry. C. a centuries old species. D. the world wide movement of ocean currents.11. The article sug

34、gests that a solution to the problem _. A. is unlikely to be identified. B. must precede further research. C. is hypothetically easy. D. will limit global shipping.Passage 3The United Nation Conference on Drug Abuse that took place earlier this year in Vienna, was a very productive meeting. As never

35、 before, the nations of the world demonstrated a willingness to put aside ideological and individual differences to confront a common threat.Most previous international gatherings on this subject have not seen the same intensity of delegate interest. Many nations have gone through a shock of recogni

36、tion. A decade ago, only those nations identified as consuming countries were thought to have a serious drug problem. Today, not only have many producing countries also become consuming countries but many have missed the growth within their borders of drug trafficking gangs (often allied with terror

37、ists) so powerful they present a danger to the states stability. Many developing countries now have the worst of both worlds, in that they grow their own narcotics and addict large number of their own people. There is a growing sense of fright in many governments that matters are out of control and

38、the single way to recover is through cooperation with other countries. The high points of the conference were the drafting of two documents, both of which were adopted without a dissenting vote. One was a joint declaration of intent to combat drug abuse and trafficking. The other consisted of many d

39、erailed suggestions for particular regional and national policies. On the demand side, the delegates recommended the establishment of a system for collecting information on the nature and scope of narcotics use. In addition, drug education should be taught in schools and governments and labor organi

40、zations should act together in the anti-drug campaign in the work place. The delegates also recommended strict adherence to international agreements to curb the supply of narcotics. President Ronald Reagan, in his statement to the conference, reflected a somber but hopeful view. Noting the magnitude

41、 of the effort necessary, the President remarked, Thats why this conference is so encouraging and so important- it presents an excellent opportunity for the nations of the world to build cooperation and plan effective strategies and tactics. It wont be easy. The alternative, however, is the continue

42、d internal decay of our societies. 12. Striking feature of the UN Conference on Drug Abuse is that _. the delegates were unprecedentedly unanimous in their attempt to control drug abusethe conference touched upon many issues in the world.it was held by many countries.two documents were signed.13. Ma

43、ny countries are shocked to find that _.consuming countries are confronting a serious drug problemdrug trafficking gangs are often allied with terroristsdrug problem has become more serious than everdrug abuse if undermining their government14. According to the passage, which of the following is tru

44、e? A. only those consuming countries are thought to have a serious drug problem B. the nations of the world do not have a consensus to find against drug problems. C. The United Nation Conference on Drug Abuse in Vienna was not very productive. D. The most important result of the United Nation Confer

45、ence on Drug Abuse in Vienna was the drafting of two important documents.15. Many countries have realized that the single way to control drugs is through _. A. cooperation in the developed countries B. cooperation in the developing countries C. domestic policies D. world-wide cooperation16. Accordin

46、g to the passage the drug problem for the developing countries is the most serious because _. they lack necessary funding to curb drug abusethey are both producing and consuming countries of drugsthey are not efficient in their attempt to combat drug abusethey have not enlisted support from develope

47、d countries17. The delegates seemed to lack confidence in _. curbing the demand for dangerous drugsdestroying the process of distributionestablishing system for collecting information about drug abuse.persuading people not to take drugs18. According to the passage President Reagan _.pointed out that

48、 the effort to combat drug abuse was inestimable expressed his doubt about the possibility of international agreementsuggested that if drug abuse is not curbed, world civilization will degeneratesaid that the conference was encouraging and important because international cooperation is necessary.Pas

49、sage 4For much of the world, the death of Richard Nixon was the end of a complex public life. But researchers who study bereavement wondered if it didnt also signify the end of a private grief. Had the former president merely run his allotted fourscore and one, or had he fallen victim to a pattern t

50、hat seems to afflict longtime married couples: one spouse quickly following the other to the grave? Pat, Nixons wife of 53 years, died last June after a long illness. No one knows for sure whether her death contributed to his. After all, he was elderly and had a history of serious heart disease. Res

51、earchers have long observed that the death of a spouse particularly a wife is sometimes followed by the untimely death of the grieving survivor. Historian Will Durant died 13 days after his wife and collaborator, Ariel; Buckminster Fuller and his wife died just 36 hours apart. Is this more than coin

52、cidence? Part of the story, I suspect, is that we men are so used to ladies feeding us and taking care of us, says Knud Helsing, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins School of Public health, that when we lose a wife we go to pieces. We dont know how to take care of ourselves. In one of several stu

53、dies Helsing has conducted on bereavement, he found that widowed men had higher mortality rates than married men in every age group. But, he found that widowers who remarried enjoyed the same lower mortality rate as men whod never been widowed. Womens health and resilience may also suffer after the

54、loss of a spouse. In a 1987 study of widows, researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, and UC, San Diego, found that they had a dramatic decline in levels of important immune-system cells that fight off disease. Earlier studies showed reduced immunity in widowers. For both men and

55、women, the stress of losing a spouse can have a profound effect. All sorts of potentially harmful medical problems can be worsened, says Gerald Davison, professor of psychology at the University of Southern California. People with high blood pressure, for example, may see it rise. In Nixons case, Da

56、vison speculates, the stroke, although not caused directly by the stress, was probably hastened by it. Depression can affect the surviving spouses will to live; suicide are elevated in the bereaved, along with accidents not involving cars. Involvement in life helps prolong it. Mortality, says Duke U

57、niversity psychiatrist Daniel Blazer, is higher in older people without a good social-support-system, who dont feel theyre part of a group or a family, that they fit in somewhere. And thats a more common problem for men, who tend not to have as many close friendships as women. The sudden absence of

58、routines can also be a health hazard, says Blazer. While earlier studies suggested that the first six months to a year - or even the first week - were times of higher mortality for the bereaved, some newer studies find no special vulnerability in this initial period. Most men and women, of course do

59、 not die as a result of the loss of a spouse. And there are ways to improve the odds. A strong sense of separate identity and lack of over-dependency during the marriage are helpful. Adult sons and daughters, siblings and friends need to pay special attention to a newly widowed parent. They can make

60、 sure that he or she is socializing, getting proper nutrition and medical care, expressing emotion and, above all, feeling needed and appreciated. 19. According to researchers, Richard Nixons death was _. A. caused by his heart problems. B. indirectly linked to his wifes death. C. the inevitable res