地質(zhì)工程復(fù)試英語詞匯

1、1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic工程地質(zhì)條件 engineering geological conditions地形地貌條件 geographic and geomorphic conditions地形 land form地貌 geomorphology, relief微地貌 microrelief地貌單元 landform unit, geomorphic unit坡度 grade地形圖 relief map河谷 river valley河道 river course河床 river bed(channel)沖溝 gully, gulley, erosion g

2、ully, stream(brook)河漫灘 floodplain(valley flat)階地 terrace沖積平原 alluvial plain三角洲 delta古河道 fossil river course, fossil stream channel沖積扇 alluvial fan 洪積扇 diluvial fan坡積裙 talus apron分水嶺 divide盆地 basin巖溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform溶洞 solution cave, karst cave落水洞 sinkhole土洞 Karstic earth cave2地層巖

3、性地層 geostrome (stratum, strata)巖性 lithologic character, rock property巖體 rock mass巖層 bed stratum巖層 layer, rock stratum母巖 matrix, parent rock相變 facies change硬質(zhì)巖 strong rock, film 軟質(zhì)巖 weak rock硬質(zhì)的 competent軟質(zhì)的 incompetent基巖 bedrock巖組 petrofabric覆蓋層 overburden交織層理 cross bedding層面 bedding plane片理 schisto

4、sity層理 bedding板理葉理 foliation波痕 ripple-mark泥痕 mud crack雨痕 raindrop imprints造巖礦物 rock-forming minerals粘土礦物 clay mineral高嶺土 kaolinite蒙脫石 montmorillonite伊利石 illite云母 mica白云母 muscovite黑云母 biotite石英 quartz長石 feldspar正長石 orthoclase斜長石 plagioclase輝石 pyroxene, picrite角閃石 hornblende 方解石 calcite構(gòu)造 structure構(gòu)造

5、texture組構(gòu) fabric(tissue)礦物組成 mineral composition結(jié)晶質(zhì) crystalline非晶質(zhì) amorphous產(chǎn)狀 attitude火成巖 igneous巖漿巖 magmatic rock火山巖熔巖lava火山 volcano侵入巖 intrusive(invade) rock噴出巖 effusive rock深成巖 plutonic rock淺成巖 pypabysal rock酸性巖 acid rock中性巖 inter-mediate rock基性巖 basic rock超基性巖 ultrabasic rock巖基 rock base (batho

6、lith)巖脈墻 dike巖株 rock stock巖流 rock flow巖蓋 rock laccolith (laccolite)巖盆 rock lopolith巖墻 rock dike巖床 rock sill巖脈 vein dyke花崗巖 granite斑巖 porphyry玢巖 porphyrite流紋巖 rhyolite正長巖 syenite粗面巖 trachyte閃長巖 diorite安山巖 andesite輝長巖 gabbro玄武巖 basalt細晶巖 aplite偉晶巖 pegmatite煌斑巖 lamprophyre輝綠巖 diabase橄欖巖 dunite黑曜巖 obsid

7、ian浮巖 pumice火山角礫巖 vulcanic breccia火山集塊巖 volcanic agglomerate凝灰?guī)r tuff沉積巖 sedimentary rock碎屑巖 clastic rock粘土巖 clay rock粉砂質(zhì)粘土巖 silty claystone化學(xué)巖 chemical rock生物巖 biolith礫巖 conglomerate角礫巖 breccia砂巖 sandstone石英砂巖 quartz sandstone粉砂巖 siltstone鈣質(zhì)粉砂巖 calcareous siltstone泥巖 mudstone頁巖 shale鹽巖 saline石灰?guī)r lim

8、estone白云巖 dolomite泥灰?guī)r marl泥鈣巖 argillo-calcareous泥砂巖 argillo-arenaceous砂質(zhì) arenaceous泥質(zhì) argillaceous硅質(zhì)的 siliceous有機質(zhì) organic matter粗粒 coarse grain中粒 medium-grained沉積物 sediment (deposit)漂石、頑石 boulder卵石 cobble礫石 gravel砂 sand粉土 silt粘土 clay粘粒 clay grain砂質(zhì)粘土 sandy clay粘質(zhì)砂土 clayey sand壤土、亞粘土 loam砂壤土、亞砂土輕亞粘土

9、 sandy loam浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil)黃土 loess紅土 laterite泥灰 peat軟泥 ooze淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay沖積物層 alluvion沖積的 alluvial洪積物層 proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪積的 diluvial坡積物層deluvium殘積物層eluvium殘積的 eluvial風(fēng)積物層eolian deposits湖積物層lake deposits海積物層marine deposits冰川沉積物層glacier (drift)deposits崩積物層 c

10、olluvial deposits, colluvium 殘積粘土 residual clay變質(zhì)巖 metamorphic rock板巖 slate千枚巖 phyllite片巖 schist片麻巖 gneiss石英巖 quartzite大理巖 marble糜棱巖 mylonite混合巖 migmatite碎裂巖 cataclasite3地質(zhì)構(gòu)造地質(zhì)構(gòu)造 geologic structure構(gòu)造構(gòu)造 structural texture大地構(gòu)造 geotectonic構(gòu)造運動 tectogenesis造山運動 orogeny升降運動 vertical movement水平運動 horizont

11、al movement完整性 perfection(integrity)起伏度 waviness尺寸效應(yīng) size effect圍壓效應(yīng) confining pressure effect產(chǎn)狀要素 elements of attitude產(chǎn)狀 attitude, orientation走向 strike傾向 dip傾角 dip angle, angle of dip褶皺fold褶曲 fold單斜 monocline向斜 syncline背斜 anticline穹隆 dome擠壓 squeeze上盤 upper section 下盤 bottom wall, footwall, lower wa

12、ll斷距 separation相交 intersect斷層 fault正斷層 normal fault逆斷層 reversed fault平移斷層 parallel fault層理 bedding, stratification 微層理 light stratification地塹 graben地壘 horst, fault ridge斷層泥 gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge擦痕 stria, striation斷裂 fracture破碎帶 fracture zone節(jié)理 joint節(jié)理組joint set裂隙 fissure, crack微裂隙 fine fi

13、ssure, microscopic fissure劈理 cleavage原生裂隙 original joint次生裂隙 epigenetic joint張裂隙 tension joint剪裂隙 shear joint卸荷裂隙 relief crack裂隙率 fracture porosity構(gòu)造類型 structural pattern巖體構(gòu)造 rock mass structure巖塊 block mass構(gòu)造體 structural element塊度 blockness構(gòu)造面 structural plane軟弱構(gòu)造面 weak plane臨空面 free face碎裂構(gòu)造 catac

14、lastic texture板狀構(gòu)造 platy structure薄板狀 lamellose塊狀的 lumpy, massive層狀的 laminated巨厚層 giant thick-laminated薄層狀的 finely laminated軟弱夾層 weak intercalated layer夾層 inter bedding, intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer夾泥層 clayey intercalation夾泥 inter-clay連通性 connectivity切層 insequent影響帶 affecting zon

15、e完整性 integrity n. Integrate v. & a. degree of integrality破碎 crumble膠結(jié) cement泥化 argillization尖滅 taper-out錯動 diastrophism錯動層面 faulted bedding plane斷續(xù)的 intermittent破碎 crumble共軛節(jié)理 conjugated joint 散狀 loose透鏡狀的 lens-shaped a.巖石碎片 crag巖屑 cuttings, debris薄膜 membrane, film層理 stratification高角度 high dip angle

16、緩傾角 low dip angle反傾 anti-dip互層 interbed v. Interbedding n.起伏的 unplanar波狀起伏的 undulate, undulating粒徑 particle size構(gòu)造層 tectonosphere擠壓 compression均一的 homogeneous剪切錯動面 shear faulted, bedding zone切割 dissection切割的 dissected致密 close, compact構(gòu)造巖 tectonite糜棱巖 mylonite斷層角礫巖 fault breccia方解石脈 calcite vein碎塊巖 c

17、lastic rock角礫 breccia巖粉 rock powder巖屑 debris, debry固結(jié) consolidation定向排列 oriented spread構(gòu)造應(yīng)力 tectonic stress剩余應(yīng)力 residual stress6工程地質(zhì)問題 工程地質(zhì)問題 engineering geological problem 定性評價 qualitative estimate 定量評價 quantitative estimate極限平衡法 limit equilibrium method不良地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象 unfavorable geological condition風(fēng)化 wea

18、thering變形 deformation位移 displacement不均勻位移differential movement相對位移relative displacement沉陷 settlement山崩 avalanche, toppling崩塌 toppling, toppling collapse滑坡、地滑 creep, slide切層滑坡 insequent landslide 深層滑坡 deep slide 淺層滑坡 shallow slide順層滑坡 consequent landslide滑動面 sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surfa

19、ce滑動帶 sliding zone滑床 slide bed滑坡體 slide(sliding) mass古滑坡 fossil landslide推移式滑坡 slumping slide 牽引式滑坡 retrogressive slide管涌 piping, internal erosion滲漏 leakage流砂 quicksand滲流 seepage液化 liquefaction地形圖geographic map地貌圖geomorphological map地質(zhì)圖geological map工程地質(zhì)圖engineering geological map實測地質(zhì)剖面圖 field-acqui

20、red geological pro)構(gòu)造地質(zhì)圖geological structure map第四紀地質(zhì)圖 quarternary geological map地質(zhì)詳圖detail map of geology地質(zhì)柱狀圖geologic columnar section, geologic log鉆孔柱狀圖logs of bore hole縱剖面圖longitudinal section 橫剖面圖cross section展示圖reveal detail map節(jié)理玫瑰圖rose of joints基巖等高線bed rock contour層底等高線contour of stratum bo

21、ttom巖層界限strata boundary巖面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐標coordinate分層bed separation地質(zhì)點geological observation point8工程地質(zhì)試驗擊實試驗 compaction test壓縮試驗compression test固結(jié)試驗consolidation test單軸試驗 uniaxial compression test現(xiàn)場剪切試驗 in-situ shear test單剪試驗 simple shear test直剪試驗 direct shear test慢剪試驗slow test單剪試驗simple shear test快剪試驗