河南師范大學(xué)2018年考研真題631基礎(chǔ)英語

1、2018年攻讀碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試試題科目代碼與名稱：631基礎(chǔ)英語試題編號：A卷適用專業(yè)或方向：外國語言文學(xué) 考試時間：3小時滿分：150分（必須在答題紙上答題，在試卷上答題無效，答題紙可向監(jiān)考老師索要）Part I. Multiple Choice (30 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences. For each there arc four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Withexceptio

2、n, the former president docs not appear in public now.unusualB. rareC. extraordinary D. uniqueA survey was carried out on the death rate of new-bom babies in that region,weresurprising.the results of which B. as results C. the results of it D. which resultsThis size of the audience,was well over twe

3、nty thousand.A. whom we had expected.B. as we had expectedC. what wc had expectedD. we had expected thatHis answer was so confused that I could hardly make anyof it at all.A. explanationB. meaningC. senseD. interpretationThe Ministersanswer led to an outcry from the Opposition.A. impressiveB. amusiv

4、eC. intensiveD. evasiveMr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be aif approached withenthusiasm.A. prizeB. bonusC. refundD. rewardThe emperor was loved by his friends, respected by his subjects, and.A. feared by his enemiesB. his enemies feared himC. frightened his enemiesD. he

5、scared his enemiesPrince Charles, the longest-waitingto the throne in British history, has spoken of hisimpatience to get things done.A. heirB. heirshipC. heritageD. heiressThe market for dust masks and air purifiers isin Beijing because the capital has beenshrouded for several days in thick fog and

6、 haze.A. loomingB. doomingC. boomingD. zoomingThe people for the experiment were chosen completelyrandom.atB. inC. byD. onHer smileher secret even though she didnt admit the fact.revealedB. reversedC. reviewedD. respondedThis store displayed its most roducts in the front window.presentB. distinctive

7、C. favoriteD. modelThe dying soldier had the messagestraight to the headquarters.A. be sentB. sentC. to be sentD. being sentTalking about that is useless,is familiar to me.A. which factB. the fact of whichC. its factD. that factMary complained to the book seller that there were several pagesin the d

8、ictionary.A. missingB. droppingC. losingD. leakingAs your teacher advised, you ought to spend your time on somethingresearchinginto.A. preciousB. worthC. worthyD. valuableWhile typing, she has a habit of stoppingto give her long and flowing hair asmooth.A. occasionallyB. simultaneouslyC. eventuallyD

9、. promptlyDid it ever ou that he could be the murderer?A. happen toB. happen withC. occur inD. occur toMany animals are on theof disappearing from the face of the earth and zoos canprovide them with a safe place to live and breed.A. rangeB. vergeC. partD. linkThe English word brunch is derived from

10、breakfast and lunch. This word formationis called.A. compoundingB. shorteningC. blendingD. derivationIt is not easy tothe exact meaning of an idiom in a foreign language.A. exchangeB. transferC. convertD. conveyThe new system is similar to the old onethere is still a strong central government.A. in

11、thatB. now thatC. so thatD. in case thatWe accept anybody regardlessnationality.A. toB. ofC. forD. inJohn admits that he pushed too hard, and ultimately his efforts failed.A. In essence B. On averageC. In the course D. In retrospectToday scientists have a greater understanding of genetics and its ru

12、le inorganisms.A. liveB. lifeC. living D. aliveRemember to ask for aof quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer anymaintenance.A. warrantyB. promiseC. certificate D. receiptThe doctor advised my father to refrainsmoking.A. ofB. atC. from D. againstParents have a legal to ensure that th

13、eir children arc provided with efficienteducation suitable to their age.A. impulseB. influenceC. sympathy D. obligationBy cutting down trees wethe natural home of birds and animals.A. harmB. hurtC. injure D. damageThe company has decided toits operation to include all aspects of the clothingbusiness

14、.A. extendB. enlargeC. amplify D. expandPart II. Cloze Test (20 points)Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone making mistakes. It is actually caused by .2 of your body clock a small cluster of brain cells that controls

15、 the timing of biological 3. Thebody clock is designed for a 4 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 5- daylight and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone.The 6 of jetlag often persist for days 7 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time z

16、one. Now a new anti-jetlag system is 8 that is based on proven 9 pioneering scientific research.Dr. Martin Moore-Edc has10 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock muchsooner to the new time zone 11controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift iseasy to accomplish and eliminates 12 o

17、f the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact time to either 13 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule 14 light exposure depends a great deal on15travel plans. Data on a specific flight it

18、inerary (旅行路線)and the individuals sleep16are used to produce a Trip Guide with 17 onexactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls 18 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark out-side, or the weather is bad, 19 you arc on an aeroplane, you can use

19、 a special light device to provide the necessary light 20, for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.1.A. forB. fromC. toD. of2.A. ruptureB. corruptionC. eruptionD. disruption3.A. actionsB. functionsC. reflectionD. behavior4.A. regularB. FonnalC. continualD. circular5.A. reta

20、insB. encountersC. possessesD. experiences6.A. diseasesB. symptomsC. defectsD. signs7.A. whileB. whereasC. ifD. although&A. adaptableB. approachableC. availableD. agreeable9.A. broadB. inclusiveC. tentativeD. extensive10.A. devisedB. recognizedC. scrutinizedD. visualized11.A. atB. throughC. inD. as1

21、2.A. mostB. leastC. littleD. more13.A. attainB.shedC. retrieveD.seek14.A. onB. withC. forD. in15.A. uniqueB. specificC. complicatedD. peculiar16.A. normB. ModeC. patternD. style17.A. directoriesB. instructionsC. specificationsD. commentaries1&A. offB. onC. upD. for19.A. orB. andC. butD. while20.A. a

22、gitationB.spurC. accelerationD. stimulusPart III. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage OneDo you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that wc didnt know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the a

23、ntismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There arc upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken u

24、s to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect oursel

25、ves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report: Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on

26、 the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global wanning is incomplete, that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until wc know for sure. This is a da

27、ngerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still don

28、t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research a classic case of paralysis by analysis.5,To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the

29、Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would ofler financial incentives tor private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting read

30、y to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathp

31、eople had the freedom to choose their own way of lifethe number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantantismoking people were usually talking nonsenseAccording to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as.a protectorB. a judgeC. a guideD. a criticWhat docs the author mean by para

32、lysis by analysis (Last line, Paragraph 4)?Endless studies kill action.B. Careful investigation reveals truth.C. Prudent planning hinders progress.D. Extensive research helps decision-making.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?Offer aid to build cleaner po

33、wer plants.B. Raise public awareness of conservation.C. Press for further scientific research.D. Take some legislative measures.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because.they both suffered from the governments negligenceboth of them have turned from bad to worset

34、he outcome of the latter aggravates the forniera lesson from the latter is applicable to the formerPassage TwoEverybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be

35、outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as all too human, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature,

36、suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-opcrative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attentio

37、n to the value of goods and services than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices

38、 of cucumber.However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So whe

39、n one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or re

40、fused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are

41、a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other me

42、mbers of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by.posing

43、a contrastB. justifying an assumptionC. making a comparisonD. explaining a phenomenonThe statement it is all too monkey (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsresenting unfairness is also monkeys5 naturemonkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each otherno

44、animals other than monkeys can develop such emotionsFemale capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they arcmore inclined to weigh what they getattentive to researchers5 instructionsnice in both appearance and temperamentmore generous than their male companionsDr. Brosnan

45、and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeysA. prefer grapes to cucumbersB. can be taught to exchange thingsC.will not be co-operative if feeling cheated D.are unhappy when separated from othersWhat can we infer from the last paragraph?Monkeys can be trained to develop socia

46、l emotions.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Passage ThreeThe University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurists Sohail Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidlcy, presen

47、ts some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non-Westcm perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditio

48、nal campus is the Internet University a voluntary community to scholars/teachcrs physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or e

49、ven millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous

50、institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education market, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a college education in a box could undersell the offerings of ma

51、ny traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significa

52、nt role in future higher education, that docs not mean greater uniformity in course contentr other dangers will necessarily follow. Counter-movements arc also at work. Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. W

53、hat if, for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to d

54、ream what a university might become if we believed that child care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?55Co-cditor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrows university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting inde

55、pendent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programs for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like todays f

56、aculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidleys view the most challenging and rewarding of all, w

57、ould be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems little reason to suppose that any one fonn of universi

58、ty must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be enrolled in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, betweenr even during一sessions at a real world problem focused institution.As co-cditor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the

59、 very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable reali

60、ties.When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,A. his view is balanced.B. he is strongly critical of it.C. he is slightly critical of it.D. he is in favour of it.Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential danger of the Internet University?Teachers in traditional institutions ma