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1、節(jié)肢動(dòng)物門(mén)特點(diǎn)和作用要求11 Phylum ArthropodaClassification: Kingdom Animalia, Sub-kingdom Metazoa, Phylum ArthropodaA11Arthropoda n. 節(jié)肢動(dòng)物門(mén)chitinous n. 殼質(zhì)的,幾丁質(zhì)exoskeleton n. 外骨骼m(xù)olt n. v. 脫皮,蛻crustacean n. 甲殼類(lèi)millipide n. 馬陸,倍足綱節(jié)肢動(dòng)物centipede n. 蜈蚣arachnid n. 蜘蛛hemocoel n. 血腔11 Phylum ArthropodaClassification: Ki
2、ngdom Animalia, Sub-kingdom Metazoa, Phylum ArthropodaKey NotesFeatureType of organism: jointed-legged animals with chitinous exoskeletons. They periodically molt, and show a protostome development pattern. Examples include crustaceans, millipedes, centipedes, insects and arachnids.Body plan: bilate
3、rally symmetrical, triploblastic coelomates. They have segmented bodies with two or three distinct parts, and jointed appendages on the segments. The main body cavity is a hemocoel.A11 節(jié)肢動(dòng)物門(mén)分類(lèi):動(dòng)物界,后生動(dòng)物亞界,節(jié)肢動(dòng)物門(mén)要點(diǎn)特征生物類(lèi)型:有殼質(zhì)的外骨骼,節(jié)肢動(dòng)物。周期性地蛻皮,屬于原口動(dòng)物。如,甲殼類(lèi)、馬陸、蜈蚣、昆蟲(chóng)和蜘蛛。體型:兩側(cè)對(duì)稱(chēng),三胚層,真體腔。體分節(jié),明顯地分成二部或三部分。在每體節(jié)上
4、連有附肢。主要的體腔是血腔。herbivore n. 草食動(dòng)物predator n. 肉食動(dòng)物be derived from 源自于invagination n. 內(nèi)陷derive v. 起源lining n. 襯里, 內(nèi)層Feeding: many are active predators, but they also include herbivores, fluid-feeders and parasites. They possess a complete gut with a mouth and anus.Locomotion: use of jointed limbs for wa
5、lking. Adult insects use wings for flight.Skeleton: chitinous exoskeleton which is periodically molted. Those internal structures which are derived from invaginations of the body wall have a chitinous lining (e.g. foregut, hindgut, tracheae).營(yíng)養(yǎng):許多是主要表現(xiàn)肉食的動(dòng)物,但也包括一些草食的動(dòng)物、流食的動(dòng)物和寄生的動(dòng)物。它們有口有肛門(mén)的完全消化管。運(yùn)動(dòng):用
6、節(jié)肢來(lái)運(yùn)動(dòng),成年昆蟲(chóng)用翅飛行。骨骼:殼質(zhì)的外骨骼,周期性蛻皮。起源體壁內(nèi)陷的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)(如,前腸、后腸和氣管),具有幾丁質(zhì)。malpighian n. 馬氏,馬爾皮基(意大利生理學(xué)家)architecture n. 建筑,體系結(jié)構(gòu)metamorphosis n. 變態(tài)Respiration and vascular system: specialized respiratory organs: gills or tracheae. The vascular system is open with a tubular, dorsal heart. Osmoregulation and excret
7、ion: discrete excretory organs including Malpighian tubules in insects.Co-ordination: the architecture of the nervous system is similar to that of Annelida.Reproduction: sexes are usually separate; metamorphosis is common.呼吸和循環(huán)系統(tǒng):特有的呼吸器官:鰓和氣管。循環(huán)系統(tǒng)是開(kāi)放式的,有管狀的、背部心臟。滲透調(diào)節(jié)和排泄:獨(dú)立的排泄器官,包括昆蟲(chóng)的馬氏管。調(diào)節(jié):神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)體系
8、與環(huán)節(jié)動(dòng)物相似。生殖:常常是雌雄異體,變態(tài)是普遍的。End14 Phylum Chordata Classification: Kingdom Animalia, Sub-kingdom Metazoa, Phylum Chordata無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物脊椎動(dòng)物(sea-squirt)被囊動(dòng)物囊=鞘amphioxus 文昌魚(yú)A14metazoa n. 后生動(dòng)物; Chordata 脊索動(dòng)物門(mén)deuterostome n. 后口動(dòng)物; protostome 原口動(dòng)物embryonic a. 胚胎的sea-squirt n. 海鞘,squirt n. 噴水。 P163salp(a) n. 樽海鞘 P165
9、amphioxus n. 文昌魚(yú) P165amphibian n. 兩棲動(dòng)物reptile n. 爬行動(dòng)物coelomat a. 有體腔的14 Phylum Chordata Classification: Kingdom Animalia, Sub-kingdom Metazoa, Phylum ChordataKey NotesFeatureType of organism: large and diverse phylum, mainly comprising vertebrates; marine, freshwater and terrestrial species. Several
10、 groups are capable of aerial flight. They show a deuterostome pattern of embryonic development. Examples include sea-squirts, salps, amphioxus, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.A14 脊索動(dòng)物門(mén)分類(lèi):動(dòng)物界,后生動(dòng)物亞界,脊索動(dòng)物門(mén)要點(diǎn)特征生物類(lèi)型:數(shù)量大,變化多端的一個(gè)門(mén),主要包括脊椎動(dòng)物;海生,淡水生和陸生種類(lèi)。有幾個(gè)類(lèi)群可以在空中飛行。在胚胎發(fā)育過(guò)程中顯示為后口動(dòng)物類(lèi)型。如:包括海
11、鞘,樽海鞘的薩爾帕,文昌魚(yú),魚(yú)類(lèi),兩棲類(lèi),爬行類(lèi),鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和哺乳類(lèi)。dorsal a. 背的,脊的 notochord n.脊索 P160pharyngeal a. 咽的Body plan: bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, segmented coelomates. They possess, at some stage in their development, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal gill-slits and (usually) a post-anal tail
12、. There are segmented muscles in the body.體型:兩側(cè)對(duì)稱(chēng),三胚層,分節(jié)有體腔(動(dòng)物)。在某個(gè)發(fā)育階段,背部有神經(jīng)管,脊索和咽鰓裂,通常有肛后尾。機(jī)體上有分節(jié)的肌肉。2014invertebrate n. 無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物, 無(wú)脊椎的chordate n. 脊索動(dòng)物endostyle n. 內(nèi)柱(見(jiàn)專(zhuān)業(yè)書(shū) P163)tryroid n. 甲狀腺limb n. 肢,翅 fin n. 鰭 Feeding: invertebrate chordates filter-feed. Most vertebrates are macrophagous feeders us
13、ing toothed jaws. The gut is complete, with a mouth and anus. The invertebrate chordate pharyngeal endostyle is the homolog of the vertebrate thyroid gland.Locomotion: mostly active swimmers; segmental muscles act against an antitelescopic notochord or vertebral column; stabilizing and controlling p
14、aired fins in fishes evolve into paired limbs of land vertebrates (sometimes further adapted for flight).營(yíng)養(yǎng):無(wú)脊椎的脊索動(dòng)物是濾食營(yíng)養(yǎng)。大多數(shù)脊椎動(dòng)物是用頜齒食用大顆粒的食物。有口有肛門(mén)為完全消化管。無(wú)脊椎的脊索動(dòng)物咽部?jī)?nèi)柱與脊椎動(dòng)物的甲狀腺同源器官。運(yùn)動(dòng):大多數(shù)能夠游泳;憑借有彈性的脊索或脊柱,分節(jié)的肌肉得以運(yùn)動(dòng);固定并可動(dòng)的成對(duì)魚(yú)鰭進(jìn)化為陸生椎動(dòng)物的成對(duì)附肢(有些更進(jìn)一步適于飛行)。endoskeleton n. 內(nèi)骨骼cartilage n. 軟骨intersegmental a.
15、 分節(jié)的,節(jié)間的vertebran. 脊椎(骨)vertebrae (復(fù)數(shù))vascular a. 脈管的ventral a. 腹的Skeleton: they possess an endoskeleton of cartilage, or bone. The characteristic notochord is replaced by intersegmental vertebrae in vertebrates. Respiration and vascular system: aquatic breathers use pharyngeal gill-slits with gills
16、; terrestrial forms respire using lungs. Usually a closed, high-pressure vascular system with a ventral heart.骨骼:它們擁有由軟骨和硬骨組成的內(nèi)骨骼。有特征性的脊索被脊椎動(dòng)物分節(jié)的椎骨所代替。呼吸和循環(huán):水生生物呼吸用有鰓的咽鰓裂進(jìn)行的。陸生種類(lèi)是用肺呼吸。通常在腹部有心臟,具有封閉的,高壓的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。discrete a. 獨(dú)立的,不連續(xù)的excretory n. 排泄solenocyte n. 焰細(xì)胞,管細(xì)胞kidney n 腎臟diagnostic a. n. 診斷,確定uroc
17、hordate a. 尾索的,有尾索的Urochordata n 尾索動(dòng)物Cephalochordata n 頭索動(dòng)物Craniata n 脊椎動(dòng)物 vertebrate Osmoregulation and excretion: invertebrate chordates are without discrete excretory organs or have solenocytes; vertebrates possess segmental or nonsegmental kidneys.Co-ordination: hollow dorsal nerve cord diagnostic of the phylum; the anterior part expands in vertebrates to form the brain.Reproduction: sexual reproduction normal, although asexual budding
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