oracleocp題庫(kù)dba經(jīng)典輔助學(xué)習(xí)1.2oracle概述

1、Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)簡(jiǎn)介Database Administrator TasksPlan and create databases Manage database availabilityManage physical and logical structuresManage storage based on designManage securityNetwork administrationBackup and recoveryDatabase tuningOracle簡(jiǎn)介Oracle含義: 神寓，甲骨文，一切智慧的源泉oracle 公司1977年在率先推出關(guān)系型數(shù)踞庫(kù)軟件。1979年首先推

2、出基于SQL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)產(chǎn)品。1991年進(jìn)入中國(guó)。2003年收購(gòu)仁科（PeopleSoft）。Oracle可在100多種硬件平臺(tái)上運(yùn)行（所括微機(jī)、工作站、小型機(jī)、中型機(jī)和大型機(jī)），支持幾乎所有操作系統(tǒng)。世界第一大數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)軟件公司世界第二大軟件公司財(cái)富100強(qiáng)中的98家公司都采用Oracle技術(shù)。ORACLE CEO : 埃里森Larry EllisonOracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)發(fā)展史6.0 （1988）性能不如 SyBase（C/S）7.0 （1992）分區(qū)技術(shù)支持分段的大型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 真正的成功8.0 （1997）面向?qū)ο?i (8.1.6 ) （1998）面向Internet 支持Java 、Web

3、server、Jdeveloper9i （2001）Real Application Clusters（RAC），Portal， 支持手機(jī)上網(wǎng)10g （2003） 支持網(wǎng)格Grid11i ORACLE系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn) 支持大數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、多用戶的高性能的事務(wù)處理。ORACLE遵守?cái)?shù)據(jù)存取語(yǔ)言、操作系統(tǒng)、用戶接口和網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議的工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以它是一個(gè)開(kāi)放系統(tǒng) 。 實(shí)施安全性控制和完整性控制。 支持分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和分布處理。 具有可移植性、可兼容性和可連接性。 Oracle Internet PlatformClientsSystem managementNetwork servicesDatabasesAppl

4、icationserversDevelopment toolsInternet applicationsPresentation andbusiness logicBusiness logicand dataAny browserAny FTP clientAny mailclientJavaSQLPL/SQLRelational and Object Relational Database Management SystemRelational model and object relational modelUser-defined data types and objectsFully

5、compatible with relational databaseSupport of multimedia and large objectsHigh-quality database server featuresDatabase Administration ToolsToolDescriptionOracle Universal Installer (OUI)Used to install, upgrade, or remove software componentsOracle Database Configuration AssistantA graphical user in

6、terface tool that interacts with the OUI, or can be used independently, to create, delete or modify a databasePassword File UtilityUtility for creating a database password fileSQL*PlusA utility to access data in an Oracle databaseOracle Enterprise ManagerA graphical interface used to administer, mon

7、itor, and tune one or more databasesOracle Universal InstallerUsed to install, upgrade, or remove software components, and create a databaseBased on a Java engineFeatures include:Automatic dependency resolution Allows for Web-based installationsTracking inventory of component and suite installations

8、Deinstallation of installed componentsSupport for multiple Oracle homesSupport for globalization technologyOracle Database Configuration AssistantThe Oracle Database Configuration Assistant allows you to:Create a databaseConfigure database optionsDelete a databaseManage templatesOptimal Flexible Arc

9、hitecture (OFA)Oracles mended standard database architecture layoutOFA involves three major rulesEstablish a directory structure where any database file can be stored on any disk resourceSeparate objects with different behavior into different tablespacesMaximize database reliability and performance

10、by separating database components across different disk resourcesOracle Software and File Locations oracle_base/product/admin /inst_name /pfile/release_number/bin/dbs/rdbms/sqlplusSoftwareoradata/db01/system01.dbfcontrol01.ctlredo0101.log.db02/system01.dbfcontrol01.ctlredo0101.log.FilesSQL*PlusSQL*P

11、lus is an Oracle tool that provides the capability to interact with and manipulate the database.Provides the ability to start up and shutdown the database, create and run queries, add rows, modify data, and write customized reportsSubset of the standard SQL language with specific add ons Oracle Ente

12、rprise ManagerServes as a centralized systems management console for DBAsProvides a set of common services that help manage the Oracle environmentIncludes integrated applicationsManages the environment such as databases, web servers and listenersA tool to administer, diagnose and tune multiple datab

13、asesProvides tools for administering parallel servers and replicated databasesOracleserverOracleserverOracleserverOracle Enterprise Manager Architecture:Java-Based Console and ApplicationsConsoleRepositoryOracle ManagementServerAgentOracle ManagementServerAgentAgentOracle ManagementServerRepositoryO

14、racleserverOracleserverOracleserverAgentAgentOracle Enterprise Manager Architecture:Managed NodesClient TierMiddle TierServer TierOracle NetOracle NetOracle NetConsoleOracle ManagementServerAgentOracle Enterprise ManagerConsole ConsoleCentral launching point for all applicationsCan be run in thin mo

15、de or as a fat clientCan be launched either standalone or through Oracle Management ServerDBA ToolsStandard applications that can be launched from theConsole:Instance ManagerSecurity ManagerStorage ManagerSchema ManagerSQL*Plus Worksheet9i與8i并發(fā)集群，8i OPS升級(jí)為9i RAC，8i結(jié)點(diǎn)間用硬盤交換信息，9i結(jié)點(diǎn)間采用高速網(wǎng)線的緩存熔合(Cache F

16、usion)技術(shù)交換信息，交換速度提高100倍以上。 9i可以在線修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)和內(nèi)存分配，8i不行。 數(shù)據(jù)文件和表空間管理，8i手工管理，9i自動(dòng)管理。 9i比8i增強(qiáng)了對(duì)ANSI SQL99的支持。 9i比8i增強(qiáng)了故障后的快速恢復(fù)(Fast-start)。 8i只支持物理備份(physical backup)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，9i還增加了支持邏輯備份(logical backup)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，使備份數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)除了作為主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的鏡像外，還可以提供其他數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù). 10g與9i10g的g是“Grid”縮寫，支持網(wǎng)格計(jì)算，即，多臺(tái)結(jié)點(diǎn)服務(wù)器利用高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)組成一個(gè)虛擬的高性能服務(wù)器，負(fù)載在整個(gè)網(wǎng)格中均衡(Load Ba

17、lance)，按需增刪結(jié)點(diǎn)，避免單點(diǎn)故障(Single Point of Faliure)。 安裝容易，安裝工作量比9i減少了一半。 新增基于瀏覽器的企業(yè)管理器(Enterprise Manager)。 自動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)管理(ASM)，增刪硬盤不再需要操作系統(tǒng)管理員設(shè)置的鏡像、負(fù)載均衡、物理卷、邏輯卷、分區(qū)、文件系統(tǒng)，一條Oracle命令，ASM會(huì)自動(dòng)管理增加或刪除的硬盤。 內(nèi)存自動(dòng)化，根據(jù)需要自動(dòng)分配和釋放系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存。 SQL性能調(diào)整自動(dòng)化。 免費(fèi)提供基于瀏覽器的小應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)工具Oracle Application Express(原名HTML DB)，支持10g和9i R2。10g與9i快速糾正人為錯(cuò)誤的閃回(Flashback)查詢和恢復(fù)，可以恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、表甚至記錄。 數(shù)據(jù)泵(Data Pump)高速導(dǎo)入、導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)