八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)譯林版上冊(cè)（考點(diǎn)剖析+典題精講）+Unit+6+Natural+disasters

1、初中英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)剖析與典題精講系列三點(diǎn)剖析單詞巧記典句考點(diǎn) 【經(jīng)典例句】 She was injured badly in the accident.她在事故中受重傷?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 by accident表示“偶然,無(wú)意中；不小心”；by accident of表示“因的原因；由于的運(yùn)氣”。如：I only found it by accident.我只是碰巧找到的。By accident of birth he is entitled to British citizenship.因出生的造化,他成為英國(guó)公民?！净顚W(xué)活用】 1.選擇He had accident yesterday.Oh,wha

2、t ?A.a few;happenedB.a little;happenedC.a little;wrong答案：B【經(jīng)典例句】 Do not wash dirty linen in public.家丑不可外揚(yáng)?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1）英語(yǔ)中也有“洗手不干；斷絕與的關(guān)系”這樣的表達(dá),即wash ones hands of sth.。2）注意wash與介詞搭配時(shí)表達(dá)的不同意思。如：Wash the dirt off your hands before dinner.吃晚飯前把你雙手上的污垢擦掉。（wash sth.off表示“洗掉”）The waves washed against the shore

3、.海浪拍打著海岸。By evening,I was washed out from overwork.到了傍晚,我被過(guò)多的工作累得筋疲力盡。（be washed out表示“活力耗盡,變得枯竭”）【活學(xué)活用】 2.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示在空格上填上合適的英語(yǔ)單詞,使句子完整昨天我媽媽花了一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間洗衣服。It my mother an hour the clothes yesterday.答案：took,to wash【經(jīng)典例句】 The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.惟一可怕的乃是害怕本身。 Fear not the future;weep n

4、ot for the past.別為未來(lái)而恐懼,別為過(guò)去而哭泣?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 短語(yǔ)for fear of sth.跟in case of意思相仿,都表示“為了避免,害怕”,請(qǐng)看例句：We spoke in low voice for fear of waking the baby/for fear (that) we might wake the baby.我們輕聲談話,以免吵醒嬰兒。【巧記提示】 shake(搖動(dòng))snake(蛇)【經(jīng)典例句】 His voice shook with fear.他害怕得聲音發(fā)顫?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1)固定搭配：shake hands with sb.與某人握手2

5、）短語(yǔ)shake off表示“脫離,擺脫；使某人自己免除；除去”,如：We shook off our fears. 我們擺脫了恐懼。【巧記提示】 direct(v.指向)+-ion(名詞后綴)【經(jīng)典例句】 Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.湯姆朝一個(gè)方向走,哈里則朝另一個(gè)方向走?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 其動(dòng)詞形式為direct?！窘?jīng)典例句】 It was difficult to calm down the football fans.要使足球迷們平靜下來(lái)是很困難的。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 calm也可以作及物動(dòng)詞,請(qǐng)看例句： The nurs

6、e calmed the little boy by giving him some candy.保育員給那小男孩一些糖果,使他安靜下來(lái)了?！厩捎浱崾尽?trap (圈套,陷阱)trip(旅行)【經(jīng)典例句】 The police set a trap to catch the thief.警察設(shè)下了捉拿竊賊的圈套?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是trap,如：She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃燒著的房子里了。【巧記提示】 moment(片刻)movement(運(yùn)動(dòng))【經(jīng)典例句】 Id like to speak to you for a moment

7、.我想和你談一會(huì)兒。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 有關(guān)moment的短語(yǔ)有很多,請(qǐng)看例句并掌握它們的用法。Ill be back in a moment.我一會(huì)兒就回來(lái)。（in a moment表示“立刻”）My job is not a very glamorous one but it does have its moments.我的工作雖不算十分吸引人,但也自有其樂(lè)趣所在。（have ones moment,have ones day都表示“走紅時(shí),得意時(shí)”,英語(yǔ)中有諺語(yǔ)說(shuō)Every dog has his day.即“誰(shuí)都有得意的時(shí)候?！保净顚W(xué)活用】 3.選擇We hadnt met for 20

8、years,but I recognized her I saw her.A.the momentB.for the momentC.the moment when D.at the moment when答案：A【巧記提示】 hurry(匆忙的) worry（焦急的）【經(jīng)典例句】 They who live in a worry invite death in a hurry.生多愁苦,其死必速?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 請(qǐng)看例句并掌握hurry作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法。Hurry up and get readywere waiting!快點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備好我們?cè)诘戎兀。╤urry up是催促人們“快點(diǎn),趕緊做”）【經(jīng)

9、典例句】 The doctor advised me to take a complete rest.醫(yī)生讓我好好休息?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 與advise相關(guān)的常用固定搭配有advise sb.to do sth.建議某人做某事;advise sb.of sth.把某事報(bào)告（通知）某人；advise sb.against sth./doing sth.建議某人不要做某事。請(qǐng)看例句：They advised her against marrying quickly.他們勸她不要太快結(jié)婚。Keep me advised of the progress of the matter.讓我知道事情的進(jìn)展情況。

10、【活學(xué)活用】 4.單句改錯(cuò)She advised me wearing my best clothes.答案：wearingto wear【經(jīng)典例句】 I warned them that there might be snakes in the woods.我提醒他們樹(shù)林里可能有蛇?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 warn的用法與advise相近,請(qǐng)看例句： He warned us against pickpockets.他告訴我們要小心扒手。（warn sb.against sth./doing sth.）We warned them not to go skating on such thin ice.

11、我們告誡他們不要在這樣薄的冰上溜冰。They were warned of the danger of skating on such thin ice.有人警告他們,在這樣薄的冰上溜冰很危險(xiǎn)。【巧記提示】 order(命令)older（年長(zhǎng)的）【經(jīng)典例句】 The chairman ordered silence.主席要大家安靜?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1）order作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是“訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)菜”的意思。如：Would you like to order some more coffee？你要不要再來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡?2）order作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面可以跟不定式。如：The policeman ordered

12、the motorist to stop.警察指示讓那開(kāi)車(chē)的人停車(chē)。3）order作名詞時(shí),有一些固定的短語(yǔ)需要記憶,如：In order to catch the train,she hurried through her work.為了趕火車(chē),她匆匆做完了她的工作。（in order to do sth.）【活學(xué)活用】 5.改寫(xiě)句子,使上下兩句話的意思保持不變She hurried through her work so as to catch the train.She hurried through her work catch the train.答案：in order to【經(jīng)典例

13、句】 Dust covered the table.Snow covered the ground.灰塵布滿(mǎn)桌面,雪覆蓋了地面。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 cover作“覆蓋”講時(shí),常與with連用。如：She covered the table with a cloth.她用一塊布把桌子罩起來(lái)。【巧記提示】 hit(打)hot(熱)【經(jīng)典例句】 The bullet hit him in the chest.子彈擊中了他的胸膛?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 hit可以跟介詞against搭配使用。如：She hit her hand against the wall.她用手捶著墻壁。短語(yǔ)巧記典句考點(diǎn)try ones be

14、st to do sth.盡力做某事【經(jīng)典例句】 Ive tried my best to make you see,theres hope beyond the pain.我已竭力使你明白,痛苦的彼岸就是希望。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 try to do sth.與manage to do sth.的區(qū)別：try to do sth.指花費(fèi)精力去做某事,但含有成功的可能性不大或者沒(méi)有成功的意思。manage to do sth.意思是“設(shè)法做到”,指花費(fèi)精力使某事終于做成功,相當(dāng)于succeed in dong sth.，常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如：One girl tried to call her mum

15、 with her mobile phone but there was no signal in the mountain area.一個(gè)女孩想用移動(dòng)電話呼叫她的媽媽,但山區(qū)沒(méi)有信號(hào)。He managed to keep an earnest expression on his face even though he wanted to smile.盡管他想笑,可還是努力在臉上保持著一副真誠(chéng)的樣子。句子剖析拓展I did not even know where I was.我甚至不知道我在哪里?！酒饰觥?這是一個(gè)由特殊疑問(wèn)詞where引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句?！就卣埂?引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的特殊疑問(wèn)詞有：wh

16、en,where,how,why,who,whom,whose,what,which等。如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,就需用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告訴我我們今天下午將在哪兒開(kāi)會(huì)嗎？I dont know who bought the present for me.Is it Jack?我不知道誰(shuí)給我買(mǎi)了禮物。是杰克嗎？People ran wildly as pieces of glass and bricks fell down.當(dāng)玻璃碎片和磚頭掉落時(shí)，人們瘋狂

17、地到處亂跑?！酒饰觥?這是一個(gè)由as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。【拓展】 as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,常譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候,一邊一邊”。在as引導(dǎo)的從句中可使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可使用非連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：He sang as he was working.他一邊工作一邊唱歌。As time goes by,we have a better understanding of things around us.隨著時(shí)間的推移,我們對(duì)自己周?chē)氖挛镉辛烁玫睦斫?。語(yǔ)法剖析過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)概念過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生后，另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，或表示過(guò)去反復(fù)的習(xí)慣，常與always,continually,co

18、nstantly等動(dòng)詞連用。如：We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.The sun was setting.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句及其簡(jiǎn)短回答形式如下：肯定句I was having dinner.You(We,They)were having dinner.He(She) was having dinner.否定句I was not having dinner.You(We,They)were not having dinner.He(She)was not having dinner.疑問(wèn)句Was

19、I having dinner?Were you (we,they)having dinner?Was he(she) having dinner?簡(jiǎn)短回答Yes,I was.Yes,you(we,they)were.Yes,he(she) was.No,I was not.No,you(we,they) were not.No,he(she) was not.典題精講經(jīng)典題型例1 all the passengers are here,why dont we start at once?A.As soon asB.AfterC.Now thatD.When思路解析：由后面句子的意思“為什么不

20、立即出發(fā)呢？”可推斷前面的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是“既然全部乘客都到了”,所以此題答案是C。黑色陷阱：這是一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,如果誤以為是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句就錯(cuò)了。例2 Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see .A.who is heB.who he isC.who is itD.who it is思路解析：本題考查的是特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。又因?yàn)樵诳谡Z(yǔ)中經(jīng)常用it指代不明身份的人,所以此題答案是D。黑色陷阱：1)首先,看不到對(duì)方的人,跟電話中的說(shuō)法類(lèi)似：Who is that speaking?所以要用it,而不用he。從這一點(diǎn)可以判斷不能選A和B。

21、2）從句中要用正常語(yǔ)序,所以原來(lái)獨(dú)立疑問(wèn)句中的主謂倒置現(xiàn)象就不應(yīng)該再出現(xiàn)（除非從句為直接引語(yǔ)）。從這一點(diǎn)可以判斷不能選A和C。例3 I was reading a newspaper he came in.A.as soon as B.sinceC.while D.when思路解析：最具迷惑性的選項(xiàng)是C,while和when都可以表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”,但while后連接的動(dòng)詞是可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。比如這句話,如果改成：He came in while I was reading.也是完全可以的。此題答案是D。綠色通道：when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：1）when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,既可表示

22、某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,也可以表示某一段時(shí)間,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是非延續(xù)性的,可與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可在其后發(fā)生。2）while只能表示某一段時(shí)間,不能表示某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。在while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的,而且也只能與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在。例4 Linda was just going out shopping the telephone rang.A.whileB.whenC.afterD.because 思路解析：句子的意思是“當(dāng)琳達(dá)正要出去買(mǎi)東西的時(shí)候,電話響了”?？芍绖?dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,所以不可以選擇C、D兩項(xiàng)。又因?yàn)閞ing是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作,所

23、以不可以選擇A。綠色通道：連詞：when,while,as它們都表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”。如果主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且都是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),只用while,as；其他情況下when,while,as通用。如：When he came in,I was listening to the radio.他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我正在聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。As I was wandering in the street,I met her.我在大街上轉(zhuǎn)悠時(shí),遇上了她。While/As I was watching TV,my mum was cooking in the kitchen.我在看電視的時(shí)候,媽媽在廚房做飯。例5 You should make a good plan you do anything important.A.beforeB.afterC.thoughD.until 思路解析：根據(jù)句子的意思“在你做任何重要事情之前,你最好作一個(gè)計(jì)劃”,根據(jù)句子的意思,可知道 A符合。綠色通道：連詞before,