《航空專業(yè)英語》課件維修專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)英語R1

1、維修專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)英語課程目標(biāo)本課程作為民航維修專業(yè)英語培訓(xùn)體系第一階段的組成部分，擬為學(xué)員提供基本的英語語法知識與民航維修常用詞匯，學(xué)員通過學(xué)習(xí)本課程，應(yīng)實現(xiàn)民航維修基礎(chǔ)詞匯的積累與基礎(chǔ)英語語法的理解，為接下來維修工作中英語的閱讀與使用打下良好基礎(chǔ)。Contents 基礎(chǔ)語法 詞組順序分類詞匯簡明英語The FoundationExamples1. Open, safety, and tag this circuit breaker.2. Do an inspection of the component interface and/or the adjacent area. 3. Engage

2、the nuts on the studs and tighten.4. Make sure that electromagnetic interference will not have an effect on the operation of the equipment that you install. Look at these sentences, and what similarities can you find among them?句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)Basic Structure謂語賓語句子動詞名詞、代詞句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)Basic Structure謂語賓語句子名詞、代詞Word o

3、rder 詞組順序Compound words/ noun clusters 復(fù)合詞組/名詞詞組Look at these phrases below:Door leverFuel tanksGround servicing operationAft cargo compartment door proximity detectorWord order 詞組順序Qualifiers +Key word 修飾詞+關(guān)鍵詞QualifierComponent MeaningDoor leverLever of the door Fuel tankTanks for fuelTank centerTh

4、e center of the tankCenter tankThe tank in the wing center boxWord order 詞組順序In a text, the key word- the component is usually the last word of the chain.Brake discA disc on the brake unit Disc brakeA type of brakeFlight levelAircraft standard altitudeLevel fightHorizontal flightWord order 詞組順序In a

5、text, the key word- the component is usually the last word of the chain.Location System/function Assembly/functionSub-assemblyComponentLeftenginemounting boltwasherUpper rudderservodriverodNose geargroundsafety pinOf詞組順序1.the temperature of any of the hydraulic systems2.the number of in-line compone

6、nts and tubing connections3. a description of individual modular units4. the possibility of the pilot becoming tired5. pneumatic system upstream of the PRSOV6. Usually no maintenance other than removal and installation of the check valve is necessary.7. Accidental operation of one or more of the sys

7、tems can cause injuries to persons or damage to the equipment.Of詞組順序常見of詞組規(guī)則總結(jié)1.如果修飾主語部分較長或者有特定條件修飾，可以使用XX OF XX的結(jié)構(gòu)，如例句7.accidental operation of one or more of the systems2. 結(jié)構(gòu)主體為一個動詞變換過來的名詞/非具體結(jié)構(gòu)部件名詞時，常使用XX OF XX的結(jié)構(gòu)，如前頁例句3/例1、例2、例4.a description of individual modular units3.突出強調(diào)詞組中的主體部分時，如例句6.no ma

8、intenance other than removal and installation of the check valveExercises 沙場點兵 1.把下列中文翻譯成英文發(fā)電機斷電器燈 排氣溫度熱耦器探頭2.將下列亂序詞組按正確順序重組 panel lighting exterior controldistribution cabin conditioned system air aftsystem oxygen crew flightreceptacle ground door access powergenerator breaker lightexhaust gas temp

9、erature thermocouple probeBasic Structure基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)謂語賓語句子動詞Verb Tenses 動詞時態(tài)Infinitive/imperative原型Present Simple一般現(xiàn)在時Connect Connects/connectSee Sees/ seePreterite 一般過去式Past participle過去分詞Connected Connected Saw SeenPast participle 過去分詞動詞原形過去分詞動詞原形過去分詞Hang Hung Wear Worn Override Overridden Tear Torn Re

10、ad ReadFly Flown Set Set Wind Wound Shut Shut Stick Stuck不規(guī)則動詞過去分詞Sentence structure句子結(jié)構(gòu)祈使句Set the selector to IGN A+B動作 動作接受對象 結(jié)果Add or release dry air or nitrogen to obtain correct dimension X.動作動詞+動作接受對象+結(jié)果 /狀態(tài)/可能修飾條件Instruction+Component+（Result/State)祈使句Examples 祈使句例子Instruction Component Resul

11、t，stateDe-energizethe aircraft electrical networkDisconnect electrical ground power unitInstall caps on couplingEnsure engine instrumentsstabilizedExercises 沙場點兵1.確保組件活門處于關(guān)閉位。Make sure that the pack valve closed.動作 對象 狀態(tài) 2. 按要求設(shè)置發(fā)動機點火。Set the engine ignition as required.動作 對象 結(jié)果Sentence structure句子結(jié)

12、構(gòu)Subject（主體）Verb （動作） Object（對象） Means（ 方式）Purpose（目的） The delta P switchtransmits a signalvia the ECBto shut down the APU.The hot air suppliesthe slatsthrough the manifoldfor leading edge de-icing.Passive sentences被動語態(tài)常表示被動、狀態(tài)、動作完成The relay is actuated by a microswitch.The position is monitored by

13、two magnetic indicators.It is not permitted to use tissues such as Kleenex tissues.Be +過去分詞Passive sentences被動語態(tài)例句主動形式：The hot air supplies the slats through the manifold for leading edge de-icing.被動形式：The slats are supplied with hot air through the manifold for leading de-icing.The mechanic checks

14、the oil.(主動)The oil level is checked.(被動)被動語態(tài)中還可使用can, must, shall, may, need, should, could等詞匯 如：The flight controls shall be cycled before take-off.被動語態(tài)中常用介詞By(動作發(fā)起者）Moved by the servoWith（物體）Supplied with airFrom（源頭）Controlled from the flight deckTo（動作接受者）Advanced to increase thrustTo（變動、連接）Attac

15、hed to the bulkheadExercises 沙場點兵請把下列句子改成被動語態(tài)：1. (A wire) connects the unit to the ground.The unit is connected to the ground.2.The pilot may display the weather image on the ND.The weather image may be displayed on the ND.Contents 基礎(chǔ)語法 詞組順序分類詞匯簡明英語The Basement物理性質(zhì)physical characteristics 思考What kin

16、ds of physical characteristics are mentioned when we describe a/an tool/object?Basically, we talk about their superficial characteristics, their internal contents and what color and what material they are.物理性質(zhì)physical characteristics The spectrum顏色VioletMauve BlueCyan Green YellowAmberBeige OrangeBr

17、ownPinkRedMagentaSurface 表面特征Internal 內(nèi)部特性Materials 材料CleanCorrosive 腐蝕性的Alloy 合金Dirty Flammable可燃的Aluminum 鋁Greasy 油膩的Fragile 脆弱的Carbon 碳Matt 無光澤的Hard 堅硬的Composites 復(fù)合材料Oily 油膩的Heavy 沉重的Copper 銅Rough 粗糙的Hollow 空心的Fabric 布Shiny 閃光的Inert 惰性的Fiberglass 玻璃纖維Smooth 平滑的Light Foil 箔片物理性質(zhì)physical character

18、istics Internal內(nèi)部特性Material材料Pliable /plabl/易彎的Glass wool 玻璃棉Porous /prs/有浸透性的Honeycomb 蜂窩Rigid 剛性的Iron 鐵Soft 柔軟的Laminate/lmnt/薄片制品Solid 堅固的Paper 紙Tough 堅韌的Plastic 塑料Volatile /vltal/易揮發(fā)的Rubber 橡膠Stainless steel 不銹鋼Steel 鋼Titanium /tatenim/鈦Wood 木Exercises 沙場點兵Find an item on an aircraft made of each

19、 of these materials.1.copper_ 2.stainless wheel_3.honeycomb_ 4.fabric_5.glass_ 6.aluminium alloy_7.plastic_ 8.rubber_9.foil_ posite_想一想Location-方位位置 Over ThroughBetweenCenterUnderIn(Inner)OnUPDownNext toCornerLocation-方位位置Between In front of Forward CornerThrough Around Outer BottomOver To Near Beyo

20、ndCenter At Off BehindFrom Rear Along UpperInto Lower Within OnUnder Top AftUp Down Next toIn Inner Out of大家來找意義對應(yīng)詞Contents 基礎(chǔ)語法 詞組順序分類詞匯簡明英語The BasementActions-行為舉動Blank: /blk/ 清空After PTU removal, blank the disconnected pipes. Comply(with): 遵循The airlines comply with Airworthiness Directives.Deact

21、ivate /diktvet / 撤銷The wing anti-ice system is deactivated when the a/c is on the ground.Actions-行為舉動De-energize: /diendaz/ An overheat thermostat de-energizes the resistance when a window overheat condition exists.Depress: /dpres / 按壓 Depress the LOOPS push-button tests the continuity of the fire d

22、etection loops.Hoist: /hst/ 吊起The engine is hoisted into place under the pylon.Actions-行為舉動Trip:/trip/ 跳開Before working on a circuit trip the respective C/B.Tighten/tatn/ 擰緊The bolts are tighten with a torque wrench.Override: /,uvrad/ 超控 If the oxygen masks do not fall at 14,000ft, the Flight Engine

23、er overrides the automatic system.Exercises 沙場練兵Use the 50 verbs in this chapter to complete these sentences.1. _ the antenna carefully, sufficient to gain access to the connector.2. _ switch to TEST; _ that stick-shaker vibrates.3._ the unit with great care during removal; a shock may result in dam

24、age.4. Ensure that you _connectors and receptacles.5._ fuel tanker hose couplings to the two aircraft refuel/defuel couplings.Excises 沙場練兵Choose the word in the list below which has the same meaning as the words or expressions in 1-15.Preset rig de-activate mount close match comply mark fasten incre

25、ase remove shift apply cancel override let carry out reset connect1. join, attach, link_ 2.conform to_3.annul, suppress_ 4.verify_ 5.isolate, make inactive_ 6.display,indicate_ 7.give priority order_ 8.identify_Exercises 沙場點兵9.move laterally, longitudinally_10. move slowly and regularly_11.repositio

26、n_12.adjust, regulate flight control or engine cables_13. _ a belt, attach14. raise aircraft for wheel change or maintenance_15. shut_Contents 基礎(chǔ)語法 詞組順序分類詞匯簡明英語The FoundationMovement-變動Bypass /baps/ 旁通In the event of overpressure, the filter is bypassed.Coil (around) /kl/繞圈The emergency rope is coil

27、ed around an inertial drum, or reel.Collapse /klps/ 垮掉、倒塌 If the safety sleeves are not mounted, the gear may collapse without hydraulic pressure.Movement-變動Deflect: /dflekt/偏轉(zhuǎn) The surface deflects 20 about the axis.Dismantle: /dsmntl/拆卸After removal, the assembly is dismantled for overhaul.Maneuver

28、: /mnuv/機動 Maneuver the flight controls with caution on the ground.Movement-變動Crank: /krk/轉(zhuǎn)動After a wet start the engine is dry-cranked before a second attempt.Drift( from, away, off) / drft/偏離Strong crosswinds cause the aircraft to drift off course.Eject (from) /dekt/ 排出In the event of overpressure

29、, the disc is ejected.Movement-變動Impart( to, from):/mpt/分給、傳遞The beam imparts the strain to the box structure.Insert ( to) /nst/插入Insert the male plug into the socket.Protrude(from, above, below) /prou,trud/伸出、突出Overflow drains protrude from the side of the casing.Movement-變動Spin:/spin/ 轉(zhuǎn)動The core s

30、pins at 10,500 R.P.M.Revolve(around, about, on, at) /rvlv/繞軸轉(zhuǎn)The gyros revolve at a constant speed.Tilt(up, down, forwards, backwards, sideways)/tilt/The radar antenna can be tilted up or down.Connections 連接General ConnectionsConnected toInterconnected : The Capt. and F/O control columns are interco

31、nnected.Intersect : The two curves intersect at the critical point.Linked: (physical or radio)Related toConnections 連接Electrical ConnectionsInterface(systems, computers) : The DFDR interfaces the FDIU.On line: (connected to a power supply or a data network) The engine generator must come on line to

32、supply the aircraft network.Tied: (rope, cable, bus-bars): The BUS TIE push-button enables the main buses to be tied.Wired: the Wiring Diagram shows how the circuits are wired.Connections 連接Mechanical ConnectionsAttached: The overhead racks are attached to the ceiling.Clearance: (the distance betwee

33、n a moving object and another fixed object) Fan Blade clearance is the distance between the bottom of the engine and the ground.Fastened: (attached, secured, maintained in position) The seat belts are fastened during take-off and landing.Fitted: (precisely installed, mounted, permanent installation)

34、 The cross beams are fitted to the frames.Connections 連接Fixed: The Map Light is fixed to the flight deck wall on a bracket.Hang: For installation, the engine is hung from a hoist.Hinged( articulated on free-rotating connection) The rudder is hinged on the Vertical Stabilizer.Hooked:(by a hook or lat

35、ch) Installed:(most general)Mated:(jointed together, two matched surfaces connected) The wings are mated on the wing center box. Connections 連接Mounted ( installed+ on, under, above, below, over, etc.)Play (distance of free movement) The play in the mechanism must not exceed 3 mm.Spliced: (joined by

36、mixing or superimposing cables, structure, etc.) The cables were spliced to increase their length.Failure 故障Partial loss of functionEvent caused by a fault.Loss of an assembly, component or subsystemIncident affecting the aircraftDefectUnusual condition that could cause a failureMalfunctionIncorrect

37、 operationFaultIncident FailureAccidentFailure 故障Dangerous to health: poison, corrosivePhysical damage to a human being: cut, burn, fracture, etc.Death, loss of life, fatal accidentHazard A riskHarmful Injury FatalityFunctions 功用Happening 發(fā)生To occur, to take place, to happen, to recurDisengagement r

38、ecurred immediately after the pilot reset the engagement lever.In the event of, in case of = if there is In the event of a hydraulic system failure, the P.T.U. is used.Functions 功用IndicatingDisplay, indicate, read, reading, scaleRead of Climb is displayed/read on the V.S.I.There is a Glide Slope sca

39、le/display/reading on the ADI.Functions 功用Informing Notify, inform, advise, report, tellThe EFIS advises the crew of the status of the aircraft.InspectingExamine, inspect (overall viewing the general condition)Check(verify a particular value)investigateFunctions 功用Scan（依照原有程序進行一系列檢查）Test (執(zhí)行一系列測試確認(rèn)是

40、否工作）CompositionComprise, consist ofThe assembly consists of G,H,I,J,K.IncludeBe made up ofBe broken down intoFunctions 功用Computing 計算Count Compute, reckonEstimate, evaluate, assessMaking Possible 使可能Provide, ensure, assure(give, furnish, make sure)Permit, allow, enable(make possible)Functions 功用Prev

41、ention 防止Avoid, preventThe center tank avoids making a “tech stop” for refueling on long flights.Equipping 安裝Equip, fit, provide, mount, attachThe outflow valve is fitted with a vacuum relief diaphragm.Exercises 沙場練兵Complete each sentence with one of the words in this chapter.Eg. The LIGHTS control

42、panel is provided/fitted/equipped with a Dimming Knob.1._ the ground power phase sequence.2.The hydraulic system _ of 3 independent systems.3.The crew must_ their trip fuel.4._ the engines and APU have fire detection loops.Exercises 沙場練兵5. The secondary flight controls _ the spoilers.6.A valve on th

43、e wing undersurface_ the tanks to be drained.7.The Audio Control Panel is _ on the center pedestal.8._ pilot has an oxygen mask.9._ the night, the main gear wheels are chocked.10. The instinctive disconnect push-buttons _ the pilot to take over.Purposes 目的性 例句：排水活門被用來排水。1. The purpose of the_ is to_

44、.The purpose of the drain valve is to drain water.2. The_ is used/designed/made to_.The drain valve is used/designed/made to drain water.3.The _ is used/designed/ made for_ing.The drain valves are made for draining water.Purposes 目的性Act as, serve as+名詞，serve to+動詞The APU serves as a supplemental pow

45、er source when required in certain flight phases.Enable, permit, allow+名詞A back-up unit allows constant monitoring.Provides+ 名詞The oil system provides lubrication for the bearings.Exercise 沙場點兵練習(xí)：1.發(fā)動機就是用來提供升力的。The engine is designed to provide lift.The engine provides lift to the airplane for flyin

46、g.2.緊急情況時電池提供飛機電力。The batteries serve to supply electrical power in an emergency.When there is an emergency, the batteries are used to supply electrical power.Exercise 沙場點兵選用下列詞匯完成以下句子Purpose, to, use, provides for, acts, enables, are1. The accelerometer is made_ monitoring engine vibrations.2. The

47、accelerometer is designed _monitor engine vibrations.3. The accelerometer is _ to monitor engine vibrations.4. The _ of the accelerometer is _ monitor engine vibrations.Exercise 沙場點兵5. The accelerometer _ as an engine vibration monitoring device.6.The accelerometer _ engine vibration monitoring.7. T

48、he accelerometer_ engine vibrations to be monitored.8.Engine vibrations _monitored by the accelerometer.Processes 過程Cause and effectResult in（+ing）導(dǎo)致A shorted resistor results in increased gain in the amplifier and causes an offset in the on-course readout.Thereby （+ing）以致Processes 過程The reduced vol

49、tage will not allow Zener diode CR2 to conduct, thereby removing all the AC voltage from the first and second amplifiers.SoA voltage divider provides the voltages necessary to forward bias CR21, so allowing the detector to operate in the linear portion of the characteristic curve of the diode.ProcessesThen 然后If the difference network in the monitor detects a differen