非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)歸納-人教版

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)歸納 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能名稱語(yǔ) 法 功 能 主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞可充當(dāng)成分:主語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ), 狀語(yǔ).一、不定式 不定式運(yùn)用口訣 本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補(bǔ)、定和狀。 樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢。

2、大家千萬(wàn)要留神，有時(shí)它把句型改， 作主賓時(shí)用“it, 自己在后把身藏。 七個(gè)感官三使役， 賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開； 疑問(wèn)詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)； 邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式，不定式前for sb. ; to前not是否認(rèn)， 各種用法區(qū)別開。不定式在七個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, 三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make等后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),to要省略1.不定式作主語(yǔ)To lose your heart means failure.It took me only five minutes to finish the job.To do t

3、wo things at a time is to do neither2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)You neednt bother to come yourself.They are considering what to do next.Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、deci

4、de、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire1. I think youll grow _ him when you know him better.AlikingBto be likeCto likeDto be liking 2. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September . Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 3.不定式作表語(yǔ)What she wants to do

5、 most now is (to) travel abroad. The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì) He is to marry Rose.表按方案要做的事情.4.不定式作定語(yǔ)I need a pen to write with.Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.5.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

6、We often hear her sing the song at home.My teacher asked me to go there on time.She was considered to have stolen the money.see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、haveMy advisor encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for m

7、e to take D. me to take6. 不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)Tim sat near the fire to get warm.The athletes practised hard to win the match.相當(dāng)于用in order (not) to，so as (not) to引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ).1. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself h

8、eard2All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. Ain order to have received Bin order to receiveCso as to be received Dso as to be receiving3. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.ATo find out BFinding out CFind out DHaving found out4. It was unbelievable that

9、 the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have D. have7.不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容詞/副詞 + as to, such + 名詞 as to do引導(dǎo)。Would you be so kind as to step this way, please?I tried the door, only to find it loc

10、ked inside.He is brave enough to go out alone at nightIm not such a fool as to believe that.1. The news reporters hurried to the airport , only_ the film stars had left.Ato tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold2. He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. to find B. finding C. found D. to h

11、ave found8. 不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)常放在表示心理感覺的形容詞后I am happy to see you.She was sad to hear the bad news.9.不定式的完成式.表示不定式中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等動(dòng)詞常用

12、于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時(shí)，但要注意與一般時(shí)的區(qū)別。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)稍等。說(shuō)話時(shí)還未等Im sorry to have kept you waiting.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。說(shuō)話時(shí)已等了很久1. You were silly not _ your car. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked2. I dont know whether you h

13、appen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September .Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 3. - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official . to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left10. 不定式的省略現(xiàn)象不定式在感官動(dòng)詞s

14、ee, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役動(dòng)詞 have, make, let 后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí), 不定式省略to 。 例 I watched him disappear in the distance. 介詞but ,except, besides 后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do ,不定式要省去to。 例 We did nothing but/except wait then. 不定式符號(hào)to作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)局部有行為動(dòng)詞do, 作表語(yǔ)的不定式to可省略。 例: What

15、I want to do now is find some books to read. 1. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done 2. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but _ a taxi. A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken 11. 不定式后動(dòng)詞的省略 動(dòng)詞love, mean, want,

16、hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式時(shí)，為防止重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動(dòng)詞，只保存to不定式符號(hào)。 1.- Would you like to go to the Great Theatre with me tonight. - _. A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with you tonight . B. Id love to,

17、but I have an exam tomorrow. C. No, I wouldnt D. Thats all right 2.- Does your brother intend to study Germany? - Yes, he intends _. A. / B. to C. so D. that 句式 would have done , should have done, ought to have done, neednt have done , used to be 等省略形式為 would have , should have , ought to have, need

18、nt have , used to be, 要保存不定式后的be或have。 例 -Are you a sailor ? - No, but I used to be (a sailor ). 1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I dont know _.to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how to do2. His voice made me _ terrible.To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt3. My parents told me _ peopl

19、e when they are in trouble.never laugh at B. not to laugh at dont laugh at D. not laugh at4. Its bad manners _ rude to people.to be B. are C. be D. to being5. Its interesting _ us to take part in the games.A. of B. to C. for D. at6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more di

20、fficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make7.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects8.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning9. I would love _ to th

21、e party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone二、動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)成分: 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)1. 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Seeing is believing.Playing chess is fun.Its no use waiting here.2. 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ) The nurses job is looking after the patients.The nurse is looking after the p

22、atients.3. 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) 以下動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。Do you mind my opening the windows? 以下動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)接動(dòng)名詞：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have troubl

23、e / difficulty (in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。I am used to watching TV in the evening. 4. 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒(méi)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系. reading text a sleeping bag a walking stickrunning water developed country I am used to watching TV in the evening. She regre

24、t not having studied the computer hard. His being looked down upon made him sick.I cant really stand being treated like that. 5. 動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1. The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job

25、interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having高考點(diǎn)擊3. I really cant understand _ her like that. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. to los

26、e B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost三、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞.充當(dāng)成分:賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ), 狀語(yǔ).一現(xiàn)在分詞1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)。V-ing 形式作狀語(yǔ),可表時(shí)間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨或陪襯等含義, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的意思. Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.Being

27、ill, he didnt go to school.=As he was ill, he didnt go to school. Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. 方式If you use your head, you will find a way. Though weighing almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand. We were sitting by the window,talking about what happene

28、d yesterday.(伴隨解析1.當(dāng)v-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，假設(shè)它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，需用having done2. v-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和主語(yǔ)保持一致；否那么必須帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)=Using your head, you will find a way.= Though it weighes 注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)特性。時(shí)間性。與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般時(shí)，如發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)那么用完成式having done。語(yǔ)態(tài)性。與句子的主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)那么“主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，被動(dòng)完成。人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。1. _

29、the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not completing D. Not having completed 2The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. Awho has made Bhaving made Cmade Dmaking3The storm left , _a lot of damage to this

30、area . Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caused4_from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.ABeing separatedBHaving separated CHaving been separatedDTo be separated2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)1. The picture_ on the wall is pai

31、nted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung2Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed3. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitor

32、s to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt二過(guò)去分詞1. 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)說(shuō)明原因、時(shí)間、條件等。分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常與主句中的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上一致，但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)，大多說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、伴

33、隨情況等。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是主句的主語(yǔ)。a、表示時(shí)間Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.b、表示條件Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.c、表示原因d、表示伴隨情況e、表示讓步Deeply moved by the story

34、, the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.Although he was beaten by the enemy

35、, he refused to let out the secret.1_ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all . ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing DWhen compared 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. L

36、osing2. 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known3. 分詞作賓補(bǔ)1) 跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等 2) 在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系

37、；用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.如:1. Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run2. Laws that punish parents for thei

38、r little childrens actions against the laws get parents .worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry3. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的其他考點(diǎn):1. 主語(yǔ)一致1. Having been attacked by terrorists, _.A. doctors can

39、e to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 2While watching television, _. Athe doorbell rang Bthe doorbell ringsCwe heard the doorbell ring Dwe heard the doorbell rings2. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with + 名詞+doingto dodone1. I couldnt do my hom

40、ework with all that noise _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on2_ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life. AHaving given up hope of cure BWith no hope for cureCThere being hope for cure DIn the hope of cure

41、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)Can you spare me some time? Im afraid not. I have lots of letters _.doing with B. to do for C. to deal D. to deal withI cant understand _ at that poor child.you to laughB. you laughingC. you laughD. why laughDont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. 02be

42、ing knownB. having knownC. to be knownD. known_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. 02A. Exposed B. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposedThe discovery of new evidence led to _. 03the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be

43、caughtGenerally speaking, when _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 03takingB. takenC. to takeD. to be taken_ more attention,the trees could have grown better. A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.GivingI would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to fini

44、sh a report. A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having goneThere is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. 03A. that, to be improvedB. which, to be improvedC. where, improvingD. when, improvingThe day we looked forward to _ . A e B ing C.has come D.have come

45、The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party. 04A. recorded B. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recordedShe set out soon after dark, home an hour later. Aarriving Bto arrive Chaving arrived Dand arrivedThe students expected there_ more reviewing classes before the find exam

46、. Ais Bbeing Chave been Dto be_ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 05Put B. PuttingC. Having putD. Being putHe is rather difficult to make friends with, but the friendship of his, _, is truer than any other. A. once gained B. wh

47、en to gain C. after gained D. while gainingThe first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.having been written B. to be written C. being writtenD. writtenThe visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here

48、.having addedB. to addC. adding D. addedThe bell _ the end of the class rang, _ our heated discussion. 01indicating, interruptingB. indicated, interruptingC. indicating, interruptedD. indicated, interruptedThe salesman scolded the girl caught _ and left her off.to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to steal D. stealingThe old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (04江蘇卷) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having workedYou were brave enough to raise objections at the m