CCSI加拿大種豬育種改良計(jì)劃課件

1、The Canadian Swine Improvement Program加拿大豬育種改良計(jì)劃Alfred Wahl 王愛德 Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement (CCSI)加拿大豬育種改良中心Presentation Road Map目錄Swine industry in Canada加拿大的養(yǎng)豬業(yè)Program structure計(jì)劃構(gòu)架Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement (CCSI)遺傳改良研究和發(fā)展Training 培訓(xùn)Consulting 咨詢The Swine Industry in Canada加拿

2、大的養(yǎng)豬業(yè)32 million hogs marketed in 2007 2007年上市肉豬三千二百萬頭Over 12,000 farms 一萬二千多個(gè)豬場8.8 million hogs and weaner pigs exported live 出口肉豬和斷奶仔豬八百八十萬頭$ 2.53 billion pork exports (US, Japan, Australia, Korea, New Zealand, Mexico, etc. 出口額25.3 億美元(美國, 日本, 澳大利亞, 朝鮮, 新西蘭, 墨西哥等)Intensive production systems 集約化養(yǎng)豬體

3、系Grading system encourages leaner hogs 分級(jí)體系促進(jìn)了瘦肉率的提高Canadian Swine Industry加拿大的養(yǎng)豬業(yè)Solid reputation world wide在全世界擁有較高的信譽(yù) Superior quality and health status品質(zhì)好,健康狀況佳21.5 % of the pork exported in the world comes from Canada (Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA, 2005)占世界出口市場的21.5 % (農(nóng)產(chǎn)品外銷局，2005）Domesti

4、cally a major industry sector in agriculture 是國內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)33% of the agricultural trade surplus農(nóng)業(yè)順差的33%來自養(yǎng)豬業(yè)Major Pork Export Markets 1990 vs 2006主要的豬肉出口市場 1996與20061990 = 266,000 tonnes 266,000 噸 $ 711 million 7.11億美元2006 = 1,037,267 tonnes 1,037,267噸 $ 2.53 billion 25.3 億美元Source: Statistics CanadaEx

5、ports 出口Canada exports: 加拿大出口Pork meat 豬肉Pigs and piglets 肉豬及仔豬Swine genetics across the world 世界范圍內(nèi)豬遺傳基因的傳播Climate/Land/Water氣候，土地，水資源Genetics 基因資源Animal management/animal health 動(dòng)物管理及健康A(chǔ)nimal ID/Feed/Inspection 動(dòng)物識(shí)別，飼養(yǎng)，檢查Supply capability 供給能力Working Together 合作Canadian advantages加拿大的優(yōu)勢 Structure

6、of the industry 養(yǎng)豬業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)RetailProcessingProductionMultiplicationBreedingGene flow基因傳遞核心群Informationflow信息流程繁育群生產(chǎn)群加工零售Common Crossbreeding Systems with three breeds 三元雜交體系核心群繁育群生產(chǎn)群生產(chǎn)一只加拿大商品豬大白長白杜洛克F1 母豬三元雜商品豬 Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement (CCSI)加拿大豬育種改良中心CCSI History 加拿大豬改良中心的歷史Created in 1994

7、by the Canadian pork industry to provide leadership, coordination and services for swine genetic improvement1994年由加拿大養(yǎng)豬業(yè)創(chuàng)立，以便為豬遺傳改良提供指導(dǎo)，合作等服務(wù)。Its member organizations are the regional swine improvement centres in Western Canada, Ontario, Qubec and Atlantic Canada, the Canadian Pork Council, the Cana

8、dian Meat Council, and the Canadian Swine Breeders Association.它的成員組織主要是一些區(qū)域性的豬改良中心，包括西部加拿大，安大略，魁北克，大西洋區(qū)，加拿大豬肉協(xié)會(huì)，加拿大肉類協(xié)會(huì)及加拿大種豬協(xié)會(huì)Services to Canada and international clients 為加拿大和海外客戶服務(wù)Genetic evaluations 遺傳改良Database and Internet 數(shù)據(jù)庫和網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具Research and development 研究和發(fā)展Training 訓(xùn)練課程Consulting 咨詢顧問Memb

9、er Organizations 成員組織Atlantic Swine Centre 大西洋區(qū)豬中心Canadian Meat CouncilCCSI魁北克豬改良中心加拿大肉類協(xié)會(huì) 加拿大 種豬協(xié)會(huì)加拿大豬改良中心170 HERDS畜群 NUCLEUS SOWS 核心母豬 Western Swine Testing Association西部豬測試協(xié)會(huì) (WSTA)Ontario Swine Improvement Inc.渥太華豬改良公司 (OSI)Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement加拿大豬改良中心 (CCSI)Centre de dveloppeme

10、nt du porc du Qubec魁北克豬改良中心 (CDPQ) YORKSHIRE 約克夏LANDRACE 長白豬 DUROC 杜洛克豬 The Canadian Swine Improvement Program 加拿大豬改良計(jì)劃Atlantic Swine Centre (ASC)大西洋豬中心CCSI users across the worldCCSI的用戶遍布世界Users in Canada, China, Chile, France, Mexico, Vietnam and United States. 用戶來自加拿大，中國，智利， 法國，墨西哥，越南及美國Genetic I

11、mprovement遺傳改良Objectives of genetic evaluation 遺傳評(píng)估的目的Identify the best animals for breeding, by using all information available (data and pedigree)通過所有可獲得的信息去鑒定最優(yōu)良的牲畜用于育種（資料和系譜）Data recording, EBVs and continued improvement數(shù)據(jù)記錄，預(yù)計(jì)育種值及持續(xù)的改良Data Recording數(shù)據(jù)記錄Selection of best pigs on EBVs通過育種值選擇最好的豬只

12、Breeding育種Genetic Evaluation 遺傳力評(píng)估Delivery Structure 傳遞結(jié)構(gòu)CANADIAN CENTRE FOR SWINE IMPROVEMENT加拿大豬改良中心 National Standards 國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn) National EBV 國家EBVPROVINCIAL/REGIONALIMPROVEMENTCENTRES省/區(qū)域的改良中心SWINE BREEDERS 育種工作者EBVDATAEBVDATA Data capture by provincial Technicians數(shù)據(jù)由各省技術(shù)員收集 On-farm EBVs 現(xiàn)場測定The Cana

13、dian Swine Improvement Program加拿大豬改良計(jì)劃Genetic evaluations 遺傳評(píng)估Three step to generate EBVs 產(chǎn)生預(yù)計(jì)育種值的三個(gè)步驟1. Data Collection 數(shù)據(jù)采集2. Data Entry 數(shù)據(jù)輸入3. Computer Program Executing 運(yùn)行計(jì)算機(jī)程序4. EBVs application 預(yù)計(jì)育種值的應(yīng)用Genetic evaluation program遺傳評(píng)估方案Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) for genetic evaluatio

14、n(the national genetic evaluation program for swine) 用最佳線性無偏預(yù)測(BLUP)進(jìn)行遺傳評(píng)估Data from about 170 herds in across-herd evaluations 有來自170個(gè)場的雜交群的評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)Database, UNIX Computer System 數(shù)據(jù)庫，UNIX 計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)Internet support 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)支持National database 國家數(shù)據(jù)庫30 years of historical data 三十年的數(shù)據(jù)Detailed performance records on

15、3 million pigs 有三百萬頭豬的詳細(xì)記錄Web-based tools for different purposes, e.g. data transfer, EBV report, selection decision, mating planning etc. 有基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的為不同目的服務(wù)的工具, 如數(shù)據(jù)傳輸, EBV報(bào)告, 選擇決策, 配種計(jì)劃等Genetic Evaluations 遺傳評(píng)估Routine evaluations:日常評(píng)估Age to market 上市日齡Backfat thickness at market wt.上市體重的背膘厚Lean yield 瘦肉

16、量Loin eye area 眼肌面積Loin muscle depth 眼肌深Feed conversion 料肉比Litter size 窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)Piglet survival 仔豬存活Genetic Evaluations 遺傳評(píng)估New evaluations: 新的評(píng)估Number of piglets weaned 斷奶仔豬數(shù) Age at first farrowing 第一胎日齡 Farrowing interval 懷孕間隔 Litter weight at weaning 斷奶仔豬重 Birth Weight variability 出生窩重變異Genetic Evalua

17、tions遺傳評(píng)估New Evaluations (continued)新的評(píng)估Meat quality 肉質(zhì) Colour 肉色 Marbling 大理石紋 pH(24) 最終酸堿度 Drip loss 滴水損失Genetic EvaluationsNew Evaluations (continued)Conformation 體型 Feet and legs 肢蹄結(jié)實(shí)度 Toes 腳趾 Number of teats 奶頭數(shù)EBVs and Indicesused in the Canadian Swine Improvement Program預(yù)計(jì)育種值及用于加拿大豬改良計(jì)劃上的指數(shù)EB

18、Vs on Pigs On The Web在網(wǎng)上的預(yù)計(jì)育種值 近親繁殖系數(shù) 父系線指數(shù) 母系線指數(shù) 瘦肉量 眼肌面積 背膘厚 瘦肉深度 上市日齡 料肉比 窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù) 仔豬存活I(lǐng)ndices SlI & DLI 父系及母系的指數(shù)SLI=Sire Line Index, combines EBVs for: 父系指數(shù)Days to 100 kg 到達(dá)100kg的天數(shù)Loin eye area 眼肌面積Feed conversion 飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率Estimated Lean Yield 估計(jì)的瘦肉率DLI=Dam Line Index, combines EBVs for:母系指數(shù)Days to 100

19、 kg 到達(dá)100kg的天數(shù)Loin eye area 眼肌面積Feed conversion 飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率Estimated Lean Yield 估計(jì)的瘦肉率Total Born 總的出生頭數(shù)Used to select sire lines (Duroc, Lacombe)Used to select dam lines (Landrace, Yorkshire)Yorkshire EBVs July 2008 2008年7月大白預(yù)計(jì)育種值Traitn min p1 p5 p10 p25 p50 p75 p90 p95 p99 max 3-4RL 104974 -13.65 -4.80 -

20、3.10 -2.29 -1.10 0.07 1.20 2.22 2.86 4.16 7.46 Age 104974 -19.39 -10.15 -6.93 -5.25 -2.60 0.07 2.62 5.02 6.54 9.56 39.78 Damp 104974 -32.75 43.71 60.77 69.88 84.06 100.73 117.15 130.21 137.37 149.15 180.40 FCR 104974 -0.23 -0.12 -0.09 -0.07 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.51 Fat 104974 -6.15 -2.53

21、-1.69 -1.30 -0.70 -0.04 0.66 1.34 1.81 2.82 8.60 LEYEA 104974 -15.14 -4.28 -2.82 -2.09 -1.02 0.06 1.11 2.05 2.63 3.76 7.16 NBorn 248352 -3.71 -2.03 -1.52 -1.27 -0.70 0.06 0.71 1.19 1.46 1.92 2.89 Sirep 104974 -135.71 40.29 59.66 69.12 84.15 100.18 116.26 131.50 141.22 158.86 203.25 Yield 104974 -5.6

22、7 -1.69 -1.08 -0.80 -0.39 0.02 0.42 0.78 1.01 1.48 3.72 What should I look for when I select a boar? 當(dāng)選擇一頭公豬的時(shí)候，我應(yīng)該注意些什么？For example, 例如Boar A : Age EBV = -5.3 days, Lean Yield EBV = +2.2%Boar B : Age EBV = -11.8 days, Lean Yield EBV = +0.5%公豬A: 年齡評(píng)估育種值= -5.3 天，瘦肉率評(píng)估育種值= +2.2%公豬B:年齡評(píng)估育種值= -11.8 天，瘦肉

23、率評(píng)估育種值= + 0.5%Both of these boars have a sire line index of 148. However, Boar A will improve lean yield more while Boar B will reduce age to 100 kg more. Depending on how lean your herd already is, and depending on the demand from your customers, you can select one or the other. 這兩頭豬都有相同的父方的指數(shù)148。然

24、而，公豬A 將會(huì)提高瘦肉率，母豬B會(huì)降低達(dá)到100kg體重的天數(shù)?；谀悻F(xiàn)在品系的瘦肉率水平以及客戶的要求，你會(huì)做出選擇。Can I compare EBVs across breeds? Across herds? Across regions? 我能對(duì)不同品種，不同品系及不同區(qū)域內(nèi)評(píng)估育種值進(jìn)行比較嗎？EBVs cannot be compared across breeds. However, across-herd and region comparisons of EBVs within a breed are valid.不同品種間的評(píng)估育種值不能比較，而品種內(nèi)的品系及區(qū)域間的比較

25、是有效的。 Backfat (mm)背膘厚20117Lean Depth (mm)瘦肉深度707182Loin Eye Area (cm2)眼肌面積596166Backfat背膘厚EBV+1.43+0.36-1.03Lean Depth瘦肉深度EBV-0.23-0.24+1.91LoinEyeArea眼肌面積 EBV-0.56-0.18+2.22Backfat & Lean in Pork LoinsUnderstanding Canadian Data加拿大的數(shù)據(jù)SLI 父系線指數(shù)：149ptsDays to 100 kg 上市年齡Loin eye area 眼肌面積Feed convers

26、ion料肉比Lean Yield 瘦肉量Genetic trends 遺傳趨勢到達(dá)100kg的天數(shù) Genetic trends 遺傳趨勢100kg的背膘Genetic trends 遺傳趨勢產(chǎn)仔數(shù)分娩年份National Trends 國家趨勢Ranking to find the “Best”按等級(jí)找出“最好的”Mating Plans 配種計(jì)劃 list “best” males X “best” females 列出最優(yōu)的公豬X 最優(yōu)的母豬Research and Development研究和發(fā)展Overview 總論 A - Molecular Genetics Project 分子遺傳計(jì)劃B - Disease Resistance Project 抗病計(jì)劃C - Pork Marbling Project 大理石花紋計(jì)劃D - Color Gene Project 顏色基因計(jì)劃 Database tools 數(shù)據(jù)工具Instant on-line genetic evaluations即時(shí)在線遺傳評(píng)估結(jié)果Pedigrees and EBVs