week 10漢譯英 詞語(yǔ)

1、C-E TranslationChapter 10 Translation Skills of Chinese Words直譯(literal translation) also known as direct translation in everyday usage has the meaning of the rendering of text from one language to another word-for-word (Latin: verbum pro verbo) rather than conveying the sense of the original. P . 1

2、14 打破紀(jì)錄打破紀(jì)錄 to break the recordto break the record 攤牌攤牌 to show ones cardto show ones card 武裝到牙齒武裝到牙齒 armed to the teetharmed to the teeth 翻開(kāi)新的一頁(yè)翻開(kāi)新的一頁(yè) to turn over a new pageto turn over a new page 披著羊皮的狼披著羊皮的狼 a wolf in sheeps clothinga wolf in sheeps clothing 門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放政策門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放政策 the open-door policythe

3、open-door policy 冷戰(zhàn) the cold war 血濃于水 Blood is thicker than water. 滾石不生苔 A rolling stone gathers no moss. 誰(shuí)笑在最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好。 He laughs best who laughs last. 三思而后行 look twice before you leap 趁熱打鐵 strike while the iron is hot. 混水摸魚(yú) fish in troubled waters 火上澆油 pour oil on the flames 守口如瓶 keep the mouth shut

4、 like a bottle 河涸魚(yú)竭 The river dried up and the fish in it died. 以眼還眼，以牙還牙 An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.意譯（free translation） a translation procedure whereby the translator replaces a social, or cultural, reality in the source text with a corresponding reality in the target text; this new re

5、ality would be more usual to the audience of the target text. P. 114 稱(chēng)心如意 after ones own heart 安樂(lè)窩 a bed of roses 手法高明 to play a good game 孤注一擲 at all hazards 趾高氣揚(yáng) to carry (hold) ones head high 手忙腳亂 be in a rush 望子成龍 expect ones son to become an outstanding personage 融會(huì)貫通 gain a thorough understand

6、ing of something 不入虎穴，焉得虎子 Nothing ventured, nothing gained. 易如反掌易如反掌 as easy as pieas easy as pie 事后諸葛亮事后諸葛亮 be wise after the eventbe wise after the event 各有千秋各有千秋 Each has its own meritsEach has its own merits 大智若愚大智若愚 Still water runs deepStill water runs deep 夜長(zhǎng)夢(mèng)多夜長(zhǎng)夢(mèng)多 Dont count your chickens b

7、efore Dont count your chickens before theyre hatchedtheyre hatched音譯（literally translation according to sound) （1 1）有關(guān)歷史文化的）有關(guān)歷史文化的 (2)(2)有關(guān)文體娛樂(lè)有關(guān)文體娛樂(lè) (3)(3)關(guān)衣食住行關(guān)衣食住行 (4)(4)有關(guān)自然風(fēng)土人情有關(guān)自然風(fēng)土人情 (5)(5)有關(guān)度量單位有關(guān)度量單位（1）有關(guān)歷史文化的）有關(guān)歷史文化的 xiucaixiucai秀才，秀才，yamenyamen衙門(mén)，衙門(mén)，DazibaoDazibao大字報(bào)，大字報(bào)，PutonghuaPutongh

8、ua普通話(huà)普通話(huà) mandarin FenghuangFenghuang鳳凰鳳凰 TongTong秘密組織秘密組織 堂堂 IChing易經(jīng)易經(jīng)Confucius孔夫子孔夫子TaoTeChing道德經(jīng)道德經(jīng)Tao 道教道教Lao-tzu老子，老子， koolie苦力苦力Kowtow磕頭磕頭(2)有關(guān)文體娛樂(lè)有關(guān)文體娛樂(lè)Pipa琵琶琵琶Erhu二胡二胡Wushu武術(shù)武術(shù)Gongfu功夫功夫Tai Chi太極拳太極拳yang ko秧歌秧歌Weiqi圍棋圍棋 Mahjong麻將麻將Qigong氣功氣功Sampan舢板（舢板（指單帆或需用槳?jiǎng)澋男〈?。?lái)自指單帆或需用槳?jiǎng)澋男〈?lái)自“舢板舢板”） Bon

9、sai盆栽盆栽(3)關(guān)衣食住行關(guān)衣食住行CheongsamCheongsam旗袍、長(zhǎng)衫旗袍、長(zhǎng)衫JiaoziJiaozi餃子餃子chow meinchow mein炒面炒面won tonwon ton餛飩餛飩Wu Liang YeWu Liang Ye五糧液五糧液litchi(lichee)litchi(lichee)荔枝荔枝 Moutai/MaotaiMoutai/Maotai茅臺(tái)酒茅臺(tái)酒LonganLongan龍眼龍眼KaoliangKaoliang高粱高粱 GinsengGinseng人參人參TofuTofu豆腐豆腐(4)有關(guān)自然風(fēng)土人情有關(guān)自然風(fēng)土人情feng shuifeng shu

10、i風(fēng)水風(fēng)水KangKang炕炕KowtowKowtow叩頭叩頭ChopsueyChopsuey炒雜碎炒雜碎CantoneseCantonese廣東話(huà)廣東話(huà)/ /廣東人廣東人/ /廣州的廣州的 HainaneseHainanese海南人海南人ChingmingChingming清明清明TyphoonTyphoon臺(tái)風(fēng)臺(tái)風(fēng)(5)有關(guān)度量單位有關(guān)度量單位yuan元元jiao角角fen分分p.114P.115 音譯音譯 意譯意譯 直譯相結(jié)合直譯相結(jié)合解釋性翻譯 The wit of three cobblers combined surpasses that of Zhuge Liang the ma

11、ster mindthe master mind. 三個(gè)臭皮匠，勝過(guò)諸葛亮 P.118p.118 總結(jié)四種種譯法總結(jié)四種種譯法Translation of Words of Ambiguity Differences From Ancient Times to Nowadays Polysemes Sentence StructureDifferences From Ancient Times to Nowadays 先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣于草廬之中，諮臣以當(dāng)世之事 His Late Majesty, the First Ruler, overlooking the the comm

12、onness of my origincommonness of my origin, condescended to seek me thrice in my humble cot and consult me on the trend of events. “卑鄙”古義：地位低，見(jiàn)識(shí)淺。 今義：品德低，含貶。 ，“烈士暮年，壯心不已”（龜雖壽） A noble-hearted manA noble-hearted man retains his high aspiration even in his old age. “烈士”，本指有操守有抱負(fù)的男子， 現(xiàn)在則專(zhuān)指為革命事業(yè)獻(xiàn)身的人 林黛玉

13、進(jìn)賈府：“行為偏僻性乖張?！?“乖”古時(shí)指偏執(zhí)，不馴順，為貶義(stubborn) 而現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中則用來(lái)形容人聽(tīng)話(huà)，安順(well-behaved )。 君不聞漢家山東二百州，千村萬(wàn)落生荊杞。(杜甫兵車(chē)行) Have you not heardin Shantung there two hundred districts lieAll overgrown with briar and weed and wasted utterly? (TrFletcher) 據(jù)考據(jù)家考證，在古代,“山東”指華山以東，不是現(xiàn)今的山東省。Polysemes P.115Sentence Structure 放棄美麗的

14、女人讓人心碎。 It is heart-broken to give up a beautiful women. It is heart-broken for a woman to give up the right to be beautiful. 開(kāi)刀的是他父親。 It is his father who operates an operation. It is his father who receives an operation. 咬死了獵人的狗 The dog has bit the hunter to death The hunters dog is bit to death b

15、y other animals 北京人可真多 There are a lot of people in Beijing. A lot of people here are from Beijing. 關(guān)心自己的孩子 Look after ones own children A child who is good at looking after himselfTranslation of the Pun A pun is a clever and amusing use of a word or phrase with two meanings(意意義雙關(guān)義雙關(guān)), or of words w

16、ith the same sound but different meanings(諧音雙諧音雙關(guān)關(guān) ).意義雙關(guān)意義雙關(guān) “將那三春三春看破，桃紅柳綠待如何？把這韶華打滅，覓那清淡天和”。 紅樓夢(mèng) “三春”表面指暮春，內(nèi)含元春、迎春、探春三人的境遇。諧音雙關(guān)諧音雙關(guān) 楊柳青青江水平，聞郎江上唱歌聲。 東邊日出西邊雨，道是無(wú)晴卻有晴。 竹枝詞 劉禹錫1)音譯音譯 紅樓夢(mèng)中有大量的人名、地名等專(zhuān)有名詞的一語(yǔ)雙關(guān)，就屬于諧音雙關(guān)，用來(lái)隱喻小說(shuō)的主題和背景，暗示線(xiàn)索的開(kāi)端和發(fā)展，折射人物的遭遇和命運(yùn)，表達(dá)作者的感情和態(tài)度。 紅樓夢(mèng) 兩個(gè)經(jīng)典英譯本 翻譯家楊憲益、戴乃迭夫婦(Yang Xianyi a

17、nd Gladys Yang) 大衛(wèi)霍克斯(David Hawkes)、約翰明福特(John Minford(2)意譯意譯 保留其表層含義還是深層含義還是兩者兼顧 The son of a certain family was most filialOne day his mother fell ill， and unable to find physicians able to cure her； they called in an old woman who practiced acupuncture As she knew nothing of the principles of pul

18、se-taking， she diagnosed the illness as fire in the heart which a few acupuncture treatments would set right The son asked in alarm ， How can you needle her heart? Wont that kill her? The old woman said， Theres no need to needle the heart. Just needling the ribs will do He protested， But the heart i

19、snt anywhere near the ribsShe said That doesnt matter Dont you know that all parents are biasedSo that their hearts always incline to one side? “If metal in any form comes into contact with the heart?！県e said， “it means death Surely youre not going to put a needle in her heart? “No，no， I shant put i

20、t in the heart，” said the old woman “I mean to put it in here，over the ribs” “But thats too far from the heart.” said the son “Surely if you put it thereit wont do any good?” “0h yes it will” said the old woman “A mothers heart is always inclined towards one side” 這次在賈赦手內(nèi)住了，只得吃了酒，說(shuō)笑話(huà)。因說(shuō)道：“一家子一個(gè)兒子最孝順

21、。偏生母親病了各處求醫(yī)不得，便請(qǐng)了一個(gè)針灸的婆子來(lái)。婆子原不知道脈理，只說(shuō)是心火，如今用針灸之法，針灸針灸就好了。這兒子慌了，便問(wèn)：心見(jiàn)鐵即死，如何針得?婆子道：不用針心，只針肋條就是 兒子道，肋條離心甚遠(yuǎn)，怎么就好?婆子道：不妨事。你不知天下父母心偏的多呢。 (第七十五回)譯明義譯明義 堪破三春景不長(zhǎng), 緇衣頓改昔年妝。 可憐繡戶(hù)侯門(mén)女,獨(dú)臥青燈古佛旁。 表面上說(shuō)的是春光短促。實(shí)指惜舂的三個(gè)姐姐元春、迎春、探春都好景不長(zhǎng)。 楊將此譯為“She sees through the transience of spring”。 霍譯為“When you see through the spring

22、 scenes transient state”。 There followed a sketch of a savage wolf pursuing a lovely girl to devour her For husband she will have a mountain wolf， His object gained he ruthlessly berates her； Fair bloom，sweet willow in a golden bower， Too soon a rude awakening awaits her 后面忽畫(huà)一惡狼，追撲一美女，欲啖之意。其書(shū)云： 子系中山

23、狼，得志便猖狂。 金閨花柳質(zhì)，一載赴黃粱。(第五回)譯暗義譯暗義 咱們騎驢看唱本，走著瞧吧！ Lets wait and see. 等他們趕來(lái)增援時(shí)，已經(jīng)是“正月十五貼門(mén)神，晚了半個(gè)月啦！” They are too late to rescue.(3)形義雙譯形義雙譯 井底雕花深刻 Carving a flower design on the bottom of a wellcarving deeply or get to the essence of something.(4)加注法加注法八仙聚會(huì)又說(shuō)又笑A gathering of Eight Immortalsspeaking and

24、laughing; like the Eight Immortals at a gathering, they are talking and laughing merrily.Note: The Eight Immortals refer to the eight Taoists in a Chinese legend, namely, Han Zhongli, Zhang Guolao, L Dongbin, Tieguai Li, Han Xiangzi, Cao Guojiu, Lan Caihe and He Xiangu.王羲之寫(xiě)字橫豎都好A character out of Wang Xizhis handvertical strokes are as good as horizontal ones; like Wang Xizhis calligraphy, it is good in every way.Note: Wang Xizhi was a famous Chinese calligrapher and a Chi