MT檢測中英對照操作規(guī)程

1、RevisionLanguagePageen5/6ABB ALSTOMHTWT 600 040pa wf nABB ALSTOMABB Alstom PowerHTWT 600 040POWER"Responsible departmentHGETake over departmentRevision一Doc.-type:PAFile no.:Prepared:00-03-31 Th. EbnerChecked00-03-31 R. SchibliApproved00-03-31 M.FoersterLanguage enPage1/6Valid for:HGDerived from

2、newReplacesDatasetHTWT_600040_0.DOCTest Instruction試驗指導焊縫磁粉探傷Magnetic Particle Inspection of welds according ASME regulationsTextPA-WeldsDocument-No.HTWT 600 040Content: 目錄12344.14.2567891010.110.2111213141516171819Area of Application Scope范圍 Reference Documents應用范圍參考文件General Examination Requiremen

3、tsPersonnel qualification 人員資格通用檢驗要求Surface condition 表面狀態(tài)Extending of Spot Check抽檢的比例增加Method of Testing 試驗方法Type of Magnetization, Equipment and MaterialsExamination Coverage檢驗覆蓋度Preparation and Cleaning of Areas to be testedTechnique 技術Yoke Technique 磁機i 技術Prod Technique 觸頭技術Performance 性能Evaluat

4、ion of Indications磁痕評定Acceptance Standards驗收標準Repair of Defects 缺陷修補Calibration EquipmentPost Examination CleaningReview 審查Report報告Storage and Distribution校準設備檢驗后的清潔儲存及分發(fā)磁化類型、設備、材料被檢驗區(qū)域的準備和清潔11222222233334455556666Area of ApplicationThis procedure is to be used for magnetic particle examination (MT)

5、 of welding joints when ASME Code applies or is specified as reference.本程序適用于應用 ASME規(guī)范或以ASME規(guī)范為參考的焊縫磁粉探傷。Scope范圍flaws andThis procedure outlines the inspection method and acceptance standard for detecting discontinuities in welds and base metal of ferromagnetic material by magnetic particle examinat

6、ion.本磁粉探傷程序包括磁粉探傷法檢驗焊縫和鐵磁材料制成的母材中的缺陷和不連續(xù)性的檢驗方法及驗收標 準。We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. Copyright ? ABB Alstom Power Ltd 2000KWE-IS 40524132A P13 Reference

7、Documents參考文件- ASME V, Art. 7 (1995),- ASME VIII, Div. 1, App. 6 (1995),- ASNT SNT-TC1A 1992 edition.4 General Examination Requirements通用檢驗要求4.1 Personnel qualification 人員資格MP II as per SGZP, M2 as per DGZfP, MT 2 as per EN 473, Level II as per SNT-TC-1A.Other qualifications must be approved by ABB.

8、其他等級資格必須獲得ABB 的批準4.2 Surface conditionThe surface quality must be in a matter that there is no negative influence on the inspection.表面狀態(tài)應不影響檢驗。The surface of the weld and the nearby surface up to 25 mm (1 in.) shall be clean and free from spatters, loose scale, excessive rust and dirt.焊縫表面及周圍25 mm (

9、1 in.)的區(qū)域應干凈無飛濺物、疏松的氧化皮和過多的銹蝕和灰塵。5 Extending of Spot Check 抽檢比例的增加If only spot checks are required according the drawing following increase of the scope of examination are required if one or more inadmissible defects are detected:如果圖紙上僅要求做抽檢，則在檢查出一處或多處超標缺陷后應按照下述要求增加抽檢的比例：Spot check 抽檢%102025501st增加抽

10、檢比例%2040501002nd增加抽檢比 例%401001003rd增加抽檢比例%100Should inadmissible defects be detected during spot checks, the 1st, 2nd or 3 rd becomes into effect until thelast extension test indicates no inadmissible defects.如抽檢中發(fā)現(xiàn)超標缺陷，應按照 1st, 2 nd, 3rd增加抽檢比例直到未發(fā)現(xiàn)超標缺陷為止。6 Method of Testing試驗方法The magnetic particle

11、 examination shall be done by the continuous method and wet method, means the magnetizing current remains on while the examination medium is being applied and while excess of the examination medium runs off. In principle, this method involves magnetizing an area to be examined, and applying ferromag

12、netic particles within a fluid carrier (the examination medium) to the surface. The particles will form patterns on the surface where cracks and other discontinuities cause distortion in the normal magnetic field.應用濕法連續(xù)技術進行磁粉檢驗，這意味著在施加檢驗介質(zhì)和多余的檢驗介質(zhì)流掉的過程中磁化電流一直不 間斷。其原理是使被檢驗區(qū)域磁化，并將載液(檢驗介質(zhì))中的鐵磁性粉末施加到此區(qū)域

13、的表面上，此時表 面上有裂縫及其他不連續(xù)性的地方因使正常磁場產(chǎn)生畸變而使磁粉構(gòu)成一定的圖形。The usage of dry magnetic powder must be approved by ABB Alstom Power. 干磁粉的使用應獲得ABB Alstom Power的批準。7 Type of Magnetization, Equipment and Materials磁化類型、設備和材料-Yoke magnetization or magnetization using prods shall be used for detecting discontinuities.應采用

14、磁斬磁化或觸頭磁化法檢測不連續(xù)性。-The magnetizing equipment shall be either a 磁化設備可以是：- C-shaped electromagnet yoke, which induce a magnetic field between the poles (legs) and is used for local magnetization. The yoke may have articulated legs to allow to be adjusted to contact irregular surfaces or two surfaces th

15、at join at an angle.and / orC字形的電磁鐵磁斬，載兩個極頭(觸頭)間感生磁場，并用作局部磁化。磁斬可能有活絡關節(jié)的頭子 (極)，以有利于與圓弧形表面或有一定夾角的兩個表面的接觸良好。和/或- Prods including power transformer. The prod tips should be aluminum, copper braid or copper pads. Open-circuit voltage should not exceed 25V.觸棒。觸棒觸頭應是鋁、銅編織物或銅極板。開路電壓不超過25V o- The magnetizing

16、 force of a yoke (created by AC, half-wave rectified AC or full-wave rectified AC) shall be tested as per paragraph 15 herein.一個磁知的磁化力(由 AC,半波整流 AC或全波整流 AC產(chǎn)生的)應按照第15段進行測試。- The magnetic strength of the prod magnetizing should be adjusted according paragraph 15. herein. 觸棒磁化的磁化強度應按照第15段進行調(diào)整。- The mag

17、netic particles should be such that maximum contrast is obtained between indication and background. Both, colored and fluorescent magnetic particles are admissible. To improve the contrast between magnetic particle and surface it is allowed to use a suitable white background color. Hereby the thickn

18、ess may not exceed 40|-m。磁粉應使磁痕和背景的對比達到最大。彩色磁粉和熒光磁粉都可以用。為了提高磁粉和表面的對比，可以 使用合適的白色背景。此時厚度可能不超過40Rm。- Either oil or water can be used as liquid vehicle. If oil is used, this should be a light petroleum distillate. The oil must be easy to remove and should be not leave any undesirable residues color. If

19、water is used as the liquid vehicle, it must be ensured that the surface is properly wetted and protected against corrosion.The test medium shall be prepared according the instruction of the manufacturer.可以采用油載液或水載液。如果采用油載液，油載液應是石油播出物，應容易被擦掉并不留下任何不允許的顏色。如果采用水載液，則應保證將表面正確打濕并不使表面產(chǎn)生腐蝕。應按照制造商的要求準備試驗介質(zhì)。8

20、 Examination Coverage檢驗覆蓋度- The areas to be tested and the extent of test by the magnetic particle method are specified on the drawings.要檢驗的區(qū)域和用磁粉探傷的范圍見圖紙。- If no areas are specified on the drawing 100% of the weld surface plus 25 mm (1 in.) of adjacent material shall be inspected.如圖紙上未注明要檢驗的區(qū)域，則 10

21、0%的焊縫表面和 25 mm (1 in.)的臨近材料都應檢驗。9 Preparation and Cleaning of Areas to be tested檢驗區(qū)域的準備和清潔a) All surfaces to be examined and adjacent areas. shall be smooth and clean of all rust, scale, flux, weld spatter, oil, grease and other contaminants that could obscure surface openings or otherwise interfere

22、 with the examination. It shall not be necessary to grind or machine areas unless irregularities will mask the indication of defects.被檢驗的表面及臨近區(qū)域內(nèi)應是平滑、干凈無銹蝕、氧化皮、焊劑、焊接飛濺物、油、油脂和其他可能堵塞表面開孔的污染物或妨礙檢驗的污染物。除非不連續(xù)性會遮蓋缺陷顯示時 才要打磨或加工表面。b) Immediately prior to examination, all areas to be tested shall be thorough

23、ly cleaned by wiping with a lint free clean cloth saturated with acetone and thoroughly dried by removing the excess with a lint free clean cloth, and allowing the remainder to evaporate for a minimum of five (5) minutes before any penetrant is applied.在檢驗之前，所有被檢驗區(qū)域應用不起毛、浸有丙酮的干凈布徹底擦干凈，并用不起毛的干凈布將多余的磁

24、粉徹底擦干，在施加滲透劑之前讓剩下的磁粉至少蒸發(fā)5分鐘。c) Should the time span between cleaning and examination exceed three (3) hours, the area shall be recleaned in accordance with step b).如果清潔和檢驗相隔的時間超過3個小時，則應按照步驟b)重新做清潔。10 Technique 技術10.1 Yoke Technique 磁機i 技術- Magnetization is accomplished by a portable yoke. The legs o

25、f yoke shall be in contact with surface of examined area and the leg spacing shall not exceed the maximum used for calibration (see para.15). 由一個便攜式磁輛將被檢驗區(qū)磁化。磁翅的觸頭與被檢驗區(qū)的表面接觸，觸頭間距應不超過校準時的最 大間距(見第15段)。- A remote control switch built into the yoke handle shall be used to turn the magnetizing current on

26、 after the yoke has been properly positioned. The current shall he" on" for approximate 4 seconds.將磁斬正確就位后應用磁斬手柄中內(nèi)裝的遙控開關接通磁化電流。磁化電流應持續(xù)4秒左右。- The yoke produces a local longitudinal magnetization in the direction of leg' scontact location to the surface. Discontinuities oriented perpendi

27、cular to this magnetic field will be preferably detected.磁樂在觸頭與表面相接觸的位置產(chǎn)生局部縱向磁化。與此磁場垂直的不連續(xù)性將會更好地檢查出來。- Number of magnetization shall be at least two separate examinations on each area. During the second examination, the lines of magnetic flux shall be approximately perpendicular to those used during

28、 the first examination.各區(qū)域至少應分別進行兩次檢驗，第二次檢驗時的磁力線方向應與第一次檢驗時的磁力線方向近似垂 直。10.2 Prod Technique 觸頭技術- The magnetizing current is passed through the prods and into the area of the part in contact with the prods. This establishes a circular magnetic field in the part around and between each prod electrode.

29、磁化電流通過觸頭并進入與觸頭接觸的部位。這樣就在每個觸頭極的周圍和之間的部位形成環(huán)形磁場。- A remote control switch may be built into the prod handles should be provided to permit the current to be turned on when the prods are placed on the surface and off before removing them.將觸頭就位后用觸頭手柄中內(nèi)裝的遙控開關接通磁化電流，將觸頭移開前用觸頭手柄中內(nèi)裝的遙控開關 切斷磁化電流- Extreme care

30、should be taken to maintain clean prod tips to minimize heating at the contact points. Arc burns and local overheating have to be prevented due to possible adverse effects on material properties. It is not allowed using prods on or near machined surfaces or close to painted surfaces.觸頭尖端應保持清潔以減少接觸位置

31、處的熱量。應避免產(chǎn)生電弧灼傷和局部過熱現(xiàn)象，因為這些現(xiàn)象會 對材料的性能產(chǎn)生負作用。不允許將鋤頭放在靠近機加工面處或靠近刷漆面處。Number of magnetization shall be at least two separate examinations on each area. During the second examination, the lines of current flux shall be approximately perpendicular to those used during the first examination.各區(qū)域至少應分別進行兩次檢驗，第

32、二次檢驗時的磁力線方向應與第一次檢驗時的磁力線方 向近似垂直。- A magnetizing current of 90 to 110 A per 25mm (1 in.) prod-distance is recommended. Prod spacingshould not exceed 200mm and not less than 75 mm (3 in.) If a Hall effect probe is used for determination of the field strength (see paragraph 15), it shall be placed on th

33、e surface midway between the prods.每抽頭間距25mm (1 in.)的磁化電流建議為90 110 A。觸頭間距不應超過200mm ,不應小于75 mm (3in.) o如果用霍爾效應探頭測量磁場強度(見第 15段)則應將探頭放在觸頭的中間位置處。11 Performance 性能- According the required practice for continuous method the magnetization current is applied as long as the suspension is being applied and un

34、til the excess has run off.根據(jù)連續(xù)磁化技術的實踐，在施加懸浮物和多余的懸浮物流掉的過程中磁化電流應一直不間斷。- In order to recognize the broad, fuzzy, lightly held magnetic particle produced by subsurface discontinuities, it is essential to observe carefully the formation ofindications while the suspension isbeing applied, and also while

35、the excess runs off. Adequate lighting shall be provided for easy observation of the indications.為了辨認由表面下不連續(xù)性產(chǎn)生的寬的、模糊的、輕輕吸附的磁粉，在施加懸浮物和多余的懸浮物流掉的過程中應仔細觀察磁痕的形成。應提供足夠的照明以觀察磁痕。- Depending on the type of magnetic particle used, following requirements referring 川umination and intensity of black light have

36、to be fulfilled:對于不同的磁粉，應滿足下述有關照明和黑光燈強度的要求：colored magnetic particle彩色磁粉： min 500 lx (recommended: 1000 lx)2 fluorescent magnetic particle火光磁粉:max 20lx and 1000 MW/cm- If dry powder is used (approval required, see paragraph 6) apply the powder after the area to be examined is magnetized by lightly d

37、usting a small quantity over the surface and then removing the excess with a gentle air stream. The air stream shall be so controlled that it does not disturb or remove lightly held powder.如使用的是干磁粉(應獲得批準，見第 6段)，則當零件被磁化后，將干粉以一種輕而均勻的粉末狀態(tài) 鋪展到被檢零件的表面上，多余的干磁粉用輕柔的空氣流吹掉。應控制氣流以免破壞或吹掉輕輕吸附的 磁粉。- The maximum t

38、emperature for the inspection is limited by the manufacturer of the magnetic particle and/or the appropriate suspension used. If the inspection temperature exceeds 50C for we t method or100 C for dry method a ma nufacture ' s certificate for the temperature limitation of his product is required.

39、檢驗的最高溫度由磁粉的制造商和/或所用的適當懸浮物而確定。如果濕粉法探傷的溫度超過50。C或干粉法探傷的溫度超過100。C ,則制造商應提供其溫度限制證明。12 Evaluation of Indications磁痕評定- Mechanical discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by the retention of the examination medium.All indications are not necessarily defects, however, since excessive surface roughne

40、ss, certain metallurgical discontinuities and magnetic permeability variations may produce similar indications which are not relevant to the detection of unacceptable discontinuities.表面的機械不連續(xù)性將通過滯留的檢驗介質(zhì)顯示出來。但是，不是所有的磁痕都一定是缺陷，因為表面 過分粗糙、某些冶金不連續(xù)和磁導率的變化等都可能產(chǎn)生類似的但不是不合格不連續(xù)性的磁痕。- Any indication above the ac

41、ceptance level of paragraph 13, which is believed to be non-relevant shall be regarded as a defect and shall be reexamined by the same nondestructive examination method to verify whether or not actual defects are present. Surface conditioning may precede the reexamination. After an indication has be

42、en verified to be non-relevant, it is not necessary to reinvestigate repetitive nonrelevant indications of the same type. Non-relevant indications that would mask indication of defects are unacceptable.任何不符合第13段所說的驗收標準的要求的但被認為是不計為缺陷的磁痕都應被視作是缺陷，并用同一 方法再檢驗和證明是否存在真正的缺陷。當一個磁痕被證明是不計為缺陷的磁痕后就沒有必要對其他同類 型的不相

43、關磁痕再進行檢驗。可能遮蓋缺陷的不計為缺陷的磁痕是不合格的。- Relevant indications are indications which result from unacceptable mechanical discontinuities. Linear indications are indications in which the length is more than three times the width. Rounded indications are indications which are circular or elliptical with the len

44、gth less than three times the width.相關顯示是由不合格機械不連續(xù)性引起的。線性磁痕是指長度大于寬度三倍的磁痕。圓形磁痕是指長度 等于或小于寬度三倍的圓形或橢圓形磁痕。- An indication is the evidence of a mechanical imperfection. Only indications which have any dimension greater than 1.6mm (1/16 in.) shall be considered relevant 。磁痕是機械缺陷的證據(jù)。只有尺寸大于1.6mm (1/16 in.)的磁

45、痕才是相關磁痕。13 Acceptance Standards驗收標準These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified for specific materials or applications within this division除對本版本范圍內(nèi)的特殊材料或應用更嚴格的標準規(guī)定外，者B應采用這些驗收標準。All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:所有被檢驗的表面不應有：- relevant linear

46、indications,算做缺陷的線性磁痕。- relevant rounded indications greater than 4.8mm (3/16 in.),大于 4.8mm (3/16 in.的算做缺陷的圓形磁痕- four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1.6 mm (1/16 in.), or less, edge to edge, 在同一直線上有 4個或更多個等于或小于1.6 mm (1/16 in.)(邊套至邊緣)的算做缺陷的圓形磁痕- an indication of an imper

47、fection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it; however, the size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation.缺陷的磁痕可能大于引起磁痕的缺陷，然而磁痕的尺寸是驗收評定的基礎。14 Repair of Defects 缺陷的修補Repair of defects shall be made in accordance to an approved repair procedure.應按照批準的修補程序修補缺陷。15 Calibratio

48、n Equipment 校準設備- The magnetizing equipment shall be calibrated at least once a year, orwhenever the equipment hasbeen subjected to major electrical repair, periodic overhaul or damage. If equipment has not been in use for a year or more, calibration shall be done prior to first use.磁化設備至少每年校驗一次。每次進

49、行磁化設備的大型電氣修理，周期大修或損壞時應校驗磁化設備，如果磁化設備已一年或一年以上沒有使 用過，第一次使用前應校驗設備。- Each alternating current (AC) electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least at the maximum pole spacing used.當使用磁輛最大間距時，每個交流電磁磁知至少應有45N (10Lbs)的提升力。- Each weight shall be weighed with a calibrated scale.加載的每一個稱重應用一校準稱稱量。- Instead of testing the lifting power it is also a common practice to measure the tangential field strength by a Hall effect probe/sensor. For the measurement of the field strength the manufacture' s instructioshould be follow carefully.除了測試提升力，用霍爾效應探頭/感應器測量切向磁場強