英語考綱(版)

1、四川省普通高校職教師資和高職班對口招生統(tǒng)一考試大綱英 語（2015年版）一、考試范圍及教材本大綱評價目標(biāo)所列語言知識和語言技能為考試范圍，以國家現(xiàn)行規(guī)劃教材為基準(zhǔn)，不指定具體教材版本。本大綱適用于參加四川省普通高校職教師資班和高職班對口招生統(tǒng)一考試英語考試的考生。二、考試內(nèi)容1. 英語基礎(chǔ)知識：詞匯、語法；2. 英語運(yùn)用能力：閱讀、寫作。三、考試方式考試采用閉卷方式。考試時間為120分鐘，滿分為100分。試卷分為第I卷和第II卷。第I卷為客觀性試題，第II卷除補(bǔ)全對話外均為主觀性試題。四、試卷結(jié)構(gòu)1. 考試題型及分值比例第I卷（三大題，共70分）題號內(nèi)容題數(shù)每題分值滿分分值比例I單項(xiàng)選擇151

2、1515%II語言應(yīng)用101.51515%III閱讀理解2024040%合計(jì)457070%第II卷（三大題，共30分）題號內(nèi)容題數(shù)每題分值滿分分值比例補(bǔ)全對話5155%V翻譯521010%VI書面表達(dá)1151515%合計(jì)10+13030%2. 試卷難易比例容易題約占40%，較易題約占30%，中等難度題約占20%，較難題約占10%。五、考試范圍及要求1. 英語基礎(chǔ)知識（1）詞匯能夠掌握“詞匯表”（見附錄四）中所列的2,200個左右的詞匯和相關(guān)詞組。（2）語法在交際中能夠適當(dāng)運(yùn)用“語法項(xiàng)目表”（見附錄三）中的基本語法知識。2. 英語運(yùn)用能力（1）閱讀能夠根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義；能夠根據(jù)文章信息

3、進(jìn)行簡單的推理和判斷；能夠讀懂“話題項(xiàng)目表”（見附錄一）范圍內(nèi)常見題材的閱讀材料；能夠理解一般文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)；能夠理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；能夠根據(jù)需要從網(wǎng)絡(luò)或其他渠道查找信息。（2）寫作能夠根據(jù)提示或關(guān)鍵詞轉(zhuǎn)述文章大意；能夠簡要描述熟悉的事件和經(jīng)歷；能夠根據(jù)范例，仿寫應(yīng)用文，如通知、電子郵件、個人履歷等；能夠?qū)懗龊唵蔚膽?yīng)用文，如書信、申請、活動安排、簡介等。附錄一：話題項(xiàng)目表1. 個人與家庭（Personal information and family）個人信息、親友、友誼、家庭活動2. 學(xué)校生活（School life）校園設(shè)施、校園活動、老師與學(xué)生、課程3. 日常生活（Daily l

4、ife）文明禮儀、飲食、購物、天氣、服裝、廣告4. 休閑娛樂（Leisure and entertainment）運(yùn)動、音樂、電影、游戲、興趣、愛好5. 健康（Health）疾病、就醫(yī)、健身6. 居住環(huán)境（Living environment）社區(qū)、安全、家居、公共設(shè)施7. 出行（Travel）旅游、交通、問路、預(yù)訂8. 科學(xué)技術(shù)（Science and technology）網(wǎng)絡(luò)、通訊、傳播9. 工作（Work）職業(yè)、計(jì)劃、求職、生涯規(guī)劃10. 節(jié)日與習(xí)俗（Festivals and customs）中外節(jié)日、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣附錄二：交際功能項(xiàng)目表1. 問候與道別（Greeting and sayi

5、ng goodbye）2. 引薦與介紹（Introducing oneself and others）3. 感謝與道歉（Expressing thanks and making apologies）4. 預(yù)約與邀請（Making appointments and invitations）5. 祝愿與祝賀（Expressing wishes and congratulations）6. 求助與提供幫助（Asking for and offering help）7. 贊同與反對（Expressing agreement and disagreement）8. 接受與拒絕（Accepting and

6、 rejecting）*9. 勸告與建議（Giving advice and making suggestions）*10. 投訴與責(zé)備（Complaining and blaming）*11. 表揚(yáng)與鼓勵（Praising and encouraging）*12. 指令與要求（Giving instructions and making requests）*13. 禁止與警告（Prohibiting and warning）*14. 詢問與提供信息（Seeking and offering information）*15. 情感表達(dá)（Expressing feelings and emoti

7、ons）*16. 討價還價（Bargaining）附錄三：語法項(xiàng)目表1. 名詞可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；專有名詞；名詞的所有格2. 代詞人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問代詞的用法3. 數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的基本用法4. 介詞詞匯表中所列介詞和介詞短語的基本用法5. 冠詞定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法6. 連詞詞匯表中所列連詞的基本用法7. 形容詞形容詞作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法；形容詞比較等級（原級、比較級、最高級）8. 副詞表示方式、地點(diǎn)、時間、頻度、程度、疑問、連接、關(guān)系等副詞的用法；副詞比較等級（原級、比較級、最高級）9. 動詞（1）動詞的基本形式：現(xiàn)在式

8、、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式、過去分詞（2）動詞的種類：系動詞、行為動詞（及物與不及物）、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞（3）動詞的時態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時（4）動詞的被動語態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時（5）非謂語動詞動詞不定式：做主語、做賓語、做賓語補(bǔ)足語、做定語、做狀語動詞的- ing形式：做主語、做賓語、做賓語補(bǔ)足語、做定語、做狀語動詞的-ed形式：做表語、做賓語補(bǔ)足語、作定語10. 句子（1）句子的種類：陳述句（肯定句和否定句）、疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇和反意疑問句）、祈使句、感嘆句（2）句子的成分：主語、謂語、表語、賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定

9、語、狀語（3）主謂的一致關(guān)系（4）簡單句的六種基本句型 主語+系動詞+表語（S+V+P） 主語+不及物動詞（S+V） 主語+及物動詞+賓語（S+V+O） 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語（S+V+IO+DO） 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)足語（S+V+O+C） There be+主語+狀語（5）并列復(fù)合句（6）主從復(fù)合句 賓語從句 狀語從句（時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、讓步、比較） 定語從句13. 構(gòu)詞法（1）合成法（2）派生法附錄四：詞匯表（另附）說明：1. 根據(jù)對口升學(xué)考試要求和新教學(xué)大綱制作了詞匯表。詞匯表共收單詞2200個左右。其中未注標(biāo)記的單詞1700個左右（含九年義務(wù)

10、教育階段的詞匯），標(biāo)“*”的詞匯500個?？忌鷳?yīng)掌握本表中的未標(biāo)記的詞匯和標(biāo)“*”的詞匯。2. 詞匯表以單詞為收詞單位，同形異義詞并入同一詞條。詞條下列出了應(yīng)掌握的習(xí)慣用詞和固定搭配。常用后綴派生詞若無語義變化及拼寫變化，原則上不列單詞。計(jì)劃：第一次課： 1、理順考試大綱；2、語法（18）第二次課：語法（9動詞-重點(diǎn)）第三次課：語法（10句子+賓語從句）第四次課：語法（狀語從句、定語從句-重點(diǎn)、構(gòu)詞法）第五次課：單項(xiàng)選擇第六次課：語言應(yīng)用第七次課：閱讀理解第八次課：閱讀理解第九次課：補(bǔ)全對話+翻譯第十次課：寫作每天記單詞1. ability n. 能力； 才能 the ability to w

11、alk 行走的能力to the best of ones ability 竭盡全力 He completed the job to the best of his ability.2. aboard prep. adv.在船（飛機(jī)，火車）上，上船(飛機(jī)，輪船)all the people aboard 機(jī)上的人3. abroad ad.到(在)國外 a) go /study /live abroad b) at home and abroad在國內(nèi)外4. about prep關(guān)于，ad 大約，到處a) be about to do sth(when) I was about to go out

12、 when it began to rain.b) look about/around/round c) How/What about詢問情況或建議5 . above prep 在上面 above all 首先;尤其6. absent adj. 缺席的，不在的 be absent from absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的7. accept vt. accept the gift /invitation /plan accept sb/sth as 8.access n.方法，通路，機(jī)會The only access to the farm was a narrow bridg

13、e.Only high officials have access to the emperor.We students have access to the school library.9. accident n.事故，意外的事by accident/chance 偶然，無意中；不小心10. ache vi./n headache / toothache My back aches so much.11. across prep cross v. I walked across the street.; cross a street; come/run across碰到12. act n.

14、法令，條例 vt.表演，扮演，行動，做事 act as 充當(dāng)；扮演 act out 把表演出來13. action n. 行動 take action to do sth put sth into action 把付諸實(shí)施14. active adj. 積極的;主動的 take an active part in /be active in 積極參加15.activity n. 活動 outdoor activities 戶外運(yùn)動16.actual a.實(shí)際的 actually adv. in (actual) fact 實(shí)際上17. add vt 添加，增加，補(bǔ)充說（that）add()to

15、 添加 add up 把加在一起 add up to總計(jì)為; 總數(shù)為a) His illness added to our trouble. b) He added that he would come again.c) Please add these figures up. d) These numbers add up to 100.e) He added some salt to the water.18. address n.地址 vt.寫地址；向講話（尤指演講）address the letter to sb. 給某人寄信 The letter was wrongly addres

16、sed.The president addressed the public.19.adjust vt. 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)，適應(yīng) adjust your speed /the volume/ the camera adjust to the dark/ the single life ； adjust yourself to the student life；adjustment n. 調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)20. admire v 欽佩.;羨慕admire sb for sth I admire John for his courage.21. admit vt （admitted ,admitted）1)

17、承認(rèn) admit ones mistakes; admit doing/having doneHe admitted having stolen the money.2) 準(zhǔn)許（入場，入學(xué)，入會） admit sb to /intosb be admitted toHe has been admitted to Beijing University.22. advance vi推進(jìn)，促進(jìn)；前進(jìn) adj. advanced 先進(jìn)的/ 高級的in advance 預(yù)先，事先 an advanced worker23. advice n/u. advise vt. 忠告,勸告,建議 take/fol

18、low/ accept ones advice 接受某人的建議ask sb for advice 向某人尋求建議 a piece of advice 一條建議give sb some advice on sth advise sb (not) to do; advise doing; advise that (should)+doOur teacher advised that we should study hard.24. afford vt. 負(fù)擔(dān)得起,抽得出(時間); 提供can/could/be able to afford sth/to do sth I cant afford a

19、 book/to buy the book25. afraid a. 害怕的；擔(dān)心be afraid to do 因?yàn)楹ε虏桓易? be afraid of doing 害怕She was afraid to go out alone at night. She was afraid of waking him up.26. against prep 對著，反對, 靠著，迎著，襯著stand against the wall (靠墻站著) go against nature; be against sth 反對They are strongly against the plan. The pi

20、ne tree were black against the morning sky.27. age n.年齡；時代 vi. 變老 for ages 多年; at an early age; at the age of ; of the same age=of an age After his wifes death he aged quickly.28. agree vi. 同意；應(yīng)允1）agree with agree with sb / what you say/your opinion.表示一致;“ (食物、天氣、工作等)對適宜”： The weather does not agree

21、 with me. 這種天氣對我不適宜。 A verb must agree with its subject in person and number. What he does does not agree with what he says. 他言行不一致。 2）agree to the plan/ the arrangement/ the suggestion .3）agree on /upon主要指雙/多方通過協(xié)商而取得一致意見或達(dá)成協(xié)議： We agreed on the price. 我們就價格達(dá)成了一致意見。 Both sides agreed on these terms.

22、雙方都同意這些條件。 4) agree to do sth He agreed to go with us. 他同意同我們?nèi)ァ?5) reach/arrive at/come to an agreement 6) I cant/couldnt agree more.29. ahead ad. 在前，向前 ahead of time 提前 go ahead 前進(jìn)，干吧，說吧30.aid n. 援助；救護(hù)；輔助工具 first aid 急救 in aid of 支持 by ( the) aid of 借助于，通過的幫助 come/ go to ones aid 幫助某人 v. 幫助，促進(jìn) aid

23、(sb/ sth) in/ with ( doing) sth 幫助某人做31. aim at 瞄準(zhǔn),對準(zhǔn) He aimed the gun at the enemy officer. (向某方面)努力 She's aiming at ( trying to win) a scholarship. 針對某人 My words were not aimed at you. 32.alike adj. 相像，十分相似 We are alike in many ways. adv. 相似的，相同的 They tried to treat their children alike.33. al

24、ive a. 活著的，存在的 catch alive 活捉 keepalive be alive with= be full of The lake was alive with fish. Who is the greatest man alive.(后置定語)34. allow v 準(zhǔn)許，允許 allow doing/ sb to do allow for 把 考慮進(jìn)去 Has everything been allowed for in your plan?35. almost adv幾乎，差不多 Almost no one/nobody came to the party. There

25、 was almost no snow that winter.36. alone adj/adv 單獨(dú)的 孤獨(dú)的1) 形容詞She is alone at home. （她獨(dú)自一人在家。）2) 副詞I like to work alone. （我喜歡獨(dú)自一人工作。）3) “只有，僅僅”， The shoes alone cost $200. let /leave sb /sth alone 別打擾let alone 更不用說 lonely 1) 定語， “孤單的，無伴侶的，無人煙的，荒涼的，偏僻的” a lonely man / island. 2) 表語，“孤寂的，寂寞的” feel lo

26、nely He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.37. aloud ad.大聲地 read aloud/ think aloud 38. angry adj 生氣的，憤怒的 (angrily /angrier )be angry at (about) 因?yàn)槎鷼?be angry with sb 生某人的氣39. answer n. the answer to the question v. answer a question/the door/the phone； answer for 對 負(fù)責(zé) You will have to answer fo

27、r your wrong doing one day.40. apologize n. 道歉，歉意 apology n. make an apology/ apologies to sb for sth apologise to sb for sth41. appear 1) vi. 出現(xiàn)，露面 The man suddenly _ from behind the tree scared me.2) 系動詞 似乎，好像 appear+ (to be) + n/adj 似乎It appears (to sb) that /as if He appeared to be happy in the

28、news.It appears to me that he will win It appears that all the files have been deleted.檔案好像都已經(jīng)被刪除了。Police say there appear to be signs of a break-in.警方稱似乎有破門而入的跡象。42. appearance n. 出現(xiàn)，露面；容貌 judge by appearances 以貌取人43.application n.申請 make an application for44. apply v. 申請 apply for 申請；請求，接洽 apply s

29、th to 運(yùn)用，應(yīng)用 apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力做某事45. appoint vt. 任命，委派，安排，確定 1) 任命，委派A committee was appointed to consider the plan. 一個委員會被指定去研究這些計(jì)劃。 He was appointed as chairman. 2). 約定，確定 Everyone got there at the appointed time. In the evening he made his way to the appointed meeting place.46. appointment

30、 n. make an appointment 約定、會 his appointment as president 他擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)的任命47. arise arose arisen vi. 1) 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生 A new crisis has arisen. 新危機(jī)出現(xiàn)。 2）起床，起身，起立 He arose at dawn. 他黎明即起。48. arm n. 手臂,支架 武器（復(fù)） arm in arm 手挽手 take up arms 拿起武器vt. 以裝備,武裝起來 armwithArmed with the new equipment, the explorers entered t

31、he cave. 49. around 在周圍; 在附近; 大約around the corner 在拐角處，即將到來 around the clock 晝夜不停地 50. arrive v arrival n. 到來；達(dá)到arrive at Guests receive dinner on/upon their arrival51. article n. 文章；東西；物品；冠詞 an article of clothing 一件衣服52. ashamed adj 慚愧，害臊53. asleep adj 睡著的，熟睡 (表語形容詞) fall asleep 入睡 He seems to be

32、fast asleep.54. attach attach to 附加 附件55. attempt v. 試圖，嘗試attempt to do He was charged with attempting to kill his wife.attempt sth The plane crashed while attempting an emergency landing.n. make an attempt to do /at doing 試圖做某事56. attend v. 看護(hù)，照料，服侍；出席，參加 attend a meeting/ school/ church/ the conce

33、rtattend to sth處理，注意 I have a few other things to attend to.attend to sb 看護(hù) attend to a baby57. attention n. 注意，關(guān)心pay ( much/no/little) attention to draw ones attention tofix ones attention/mind/eyes on； attract ones attention58. attract v. 吸引，引起 Like attracts like 物以類聚59. average adj 平均的；普通的 n. 平均數(shù)

34、 on (the)average 按平均I was just an average sort of student. 我只是一個普通學(xué)生。60. avoid doing61. awake v. 喚醒；(awoke/ awoken) Is he awake or asleep? awake to sth 意識到 醒悟到 It took her some time to awake to the dangers of her situation. adj 醒著的be wide awake62. award n. v.63. aware be aware of 64. away adv離開；遠(yuǎn)離 k

35、eep away from 保持距離； far away 在遠(yuǎn)處right away 立刻，馬上； give away 泄露，贈送65. awful 可怕的 糟糕的一、名詞I. 名詞的種類：專有名詞普通名詞國名、地名、人名團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞II. 名詞的數(shù)：1. 規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, b

36、ox-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的

37、，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外來詞加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboo

38、s, zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks,

39、goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體），也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘)

40、, papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7表示“某國人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers

41、, boy friends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men servantsIII. 名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。1. s所有格的構(gòu)成：單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins m

42、other, 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有關(guān)系時,各名詞末尾均須加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時在最后一詞末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示“某人家”“店鋪”，所有格后名詞省略the doctors, the barbers, the

43、 tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示時間todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然現(xiàn)象the earths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示國家城市等地方的名詞the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群體the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及價值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6

44、與人類活動有特殊關(guān)系的名詞the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定詞組a birds eye view, a stones throw, at ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed二、代詞：I. 代詞可以分為以下七大類：1人稱代詞主格I, yo

45、u, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代詞形容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5疑問代詞who, whom, whose,

46、 which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ eitherII. 不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)：1. one, some與any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。One shoul

47、d learn to think of others. / Have you any bookmarks? No, I dont have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請求等。Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，some表示某個，any表示任何一個。I have read this article in some magazine. Please

48、 correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級連用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school. . / Do you feel any better today?2. each和every:each強(qiáng)調(diào)個別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dicti

49、onary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none和no：no等于not any，作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle. / How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. othe

50、r和another:1) other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復(fù)數(shù)為the others。如：He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛

51、指“別的人或事”如：I dont like this shirt, please show me another (one). The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.All of the books are not written

52、in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.三、數(shù)詞：1、序數(shù)詞：表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。1）英語的序數(shù)詞基本變法： (1) 一般在基數(shù)詞后加th,(2)-ve結(jié)尾的改為-fth,(3)-ty結(jié)尾的改為-tieth,(4)熟記特殊詞。2）序數(shù)詞如下：1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12thfirstsecondt

53、hirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth20th30th40th50th60th70th80th90th100thtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetiethone undredth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-thirdthirty-fifthone hundred and first1000thone thousandth, 1000000th o