高三英語語法總復習——基本句型

1、高考資源網(wǎng)你身邊的高考專家基 本 句 型1主語 + 系動詞 + 表語： A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. The plan sounds perfect. This material feels soft. This is where I work.2主語 + 謂語： The telephone rang. His father might have died. We all breathe, drink and eat.注：這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞，狀語并非結(jié)構(gòu)上不可缺少的成分。但在某種情況下，不加狀語便不

2、能表達完整的意思，這就引出了以下句型： 主語 + 謂語 + 狀語： The meeting lasted for two hours. We walked for five miles. This box weighs five kilos. He lives in Guangzhou. They will be flying to London.3主語 + 謂語 + 賓語： She is reading a novel. You may have seen each other. He is doing morning exercises. This factory makes machin

3、e tools. Mary has ordered a new dress. I have had my lunch. 注：這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面只跟一個賓語，因此稱單賓及物動詞，一般不需狀語即可表達完整的意思。但在某些情況下，狀語必不可少，這就引出了以下句型： 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 狀語： He put the vase on the table. Jim brought his suitcases upstairs. Ill take Mary to the station. They treated him kindly.4主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語

4、： She made herself a new dress. My father bought me a novel. Pass me the salt, please. 注：這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞一般只限于某些雙賓語及物動詞，它們可以分為兩類：第一類：give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, tell, hand, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, owe, refuse等。第二類：make, buy, do, fetch, get, pain

5、t, play, save, reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等。 注：間接賓語有時可以改成一個由to或for引導的短語，這在意思上沒有什么差異：Ill return you the book tomorrow. Ill return the book to you tomorrow.She made a new dress for Mary. She made Mary a new dress. 注：第一類可以改為由 to 引導的短語；第二類可以改為由 for引導的短語。 注：間接賓語用介詞詞組表示的場合： a. 對間接賓語加以強調(diào)時： Ive

6、bought it for you, not for myself. Ill hand this letter to the secretary and not to the director. b. 當直接賓語是一個人稱代詞時： Ill send it to you tomorrow. Youd better hand it directly to the headmaster. c. 當直接賓語比間接賓語短時： She showed the picture to the students sitting near her. d. 當間接賓語置于句首時： Who did you send i

7、t to? To him I told the story, not to his brother. e. 當間接賓語和直接賓語都是代詞時： He gave it to me. Ill lend them to you.5主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語： We have proved him wrong. What make you think so? She found the child fast asleep. I called him a fool.注：這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞一般只限于某些復合賓語及物動詞。句 子 成 分一、主語 主語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1. 名詞；2.

8、代詞； 3. 數(shù)詞；4. 動名詞；5. 不定式；6. 詞組或復合結(jié)構(gòu)；7. 從句；8. 名詞化的其他詞類，如： A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. Who is speaking, please? This is Jack speaking. Two will be enough. Living in that island country for three months was an unforgetable experience for me. Early to bed and early to rise mak

9、es a man healthy, happy and wise. Whether well go depends on the weather. “A is an article.二、表語 表語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1. 名詞；2. 代詞；3. 數(shù)詞；4. 形容詞；5. 分詞；6. 動名詞；7. 不定式；8. 副詞；9. 介詞短語；10. 詞組；11. 從句，如： The masses are the real heroes. Thats something we have always to keep in mind. She was the first to learn about

10、it. My idea is this. Time is pressing. Lets hurry up. All I could do was send him a telegram. We must be off now. They are twice the size of chickens. My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.三、賓語 賓語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1. 名詞；2. 代詞；3. 數(shù)詞；4. 動名詞；5. 不定式；6. 復合結(jié)構(gòu)；7. 從句；8. 名詞化的形容詞及其他詞類，如： She died a

11、heroic death. They didnt promise him anything definite. How many do you want? We need two. Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you. Learn to play the piano. Ill get it stamped. Did you write down what she said? 四、定語 定語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1. 形容詞；2. 代詞；3. 數(shù)詞；4. 名詞或名詞所有格；5. 分詞；

12、6. 不定式；7. 介詞短語；8. 副詞；9. 詞組或合成詞；10. 從句，如： His words moved everyone present. We belong to the third world. We must live up to the Partys expectations. This is indeed a most pressing problem. There are two things to be discussed today. the interests of the people / a man of good temper / a child of fiv

13、e五、狀語 狀語可以用下面這些東西表示： 1. 副詞；2. 介詞短語；3. 不定式；4. 分詞；5. 形容詞；6. 詞組； 7. 復合結(jié)構(gòu)；8. 從句，如： They were greatly touched to hear the old mans story. (副詞) They did everything they could to save the boys life. (不定式) I said it in fun. (介詞短語) They all rushed over, eager to help. (形容詞) They returned tired and hungry. (形

14、容詞) We are working day and night . (詞組) He came up shouldering a spade. (分詞) We completed the work five days ahead of time. (詞組) Seeing this, some students became very worried. (分詞) He entered the room, his nose red with cold. (復合結(jié)構(gòu)) 句 子 的 種 類一、 陳述句： She arrived quite early. (事實) / She may have arri

15、ved now. (看法)二、疑問句： 1一般疑問句： Has the factory gone into production? Shall I turn on the TV? 2特殊疑問句： Which colour do you prefer? How much is this table-cloth? 3選擇疑問句： 一般疑問句 + or + 第二個選擇: Are you an Englishman or an American? 特殊疑問句 + 選擇局部: Which do you prefer, red wine or white? 4反意或附加疑問句： You are not going out today, are you? Yes, I am. / No, Im not.三、祈使句： Be sure to get here before nine. You do it right now.四、感慨句： what + 感慨句： What a noble-hearted man he was! What good news it i