Globalization全球化

1、u劉生陽(yáng)劉生陽(yáng)u楊若瑾楊若瑾u姬志雯姬志雯u呂榮夢(mèng)呂榮夢(mèng)u陶婉婷陶婉婷1 Definition2 Historical stages4 Components and performances3 Current situation of globalization5SummaryIn a broad sense:In a broad sense:Globalization is a concept,but also a phenomenon about the Globalization is a concept,but also a phenomenon about the developme

2、nt of the human society.development of the human society.Its an inexact term for a wild Its an inexact term for a wild assortment of changes in politics,bussiness,health and entertainment.assortment of changes in politics,bussiness,health and entertainment.In a narrow sense:In a narrow sense:Globali

3、zation is a process of interaction and integration among the Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people,companies and governments of differents nations.people,companies and governments of differents nations.111DefinitionAbout its origin:About its origin:Because of the

4、 different understandings towards the origin of the Because of the different understandings towards the origin of the globalization,many scholars take different opinions about it.Some think that globalization,many scholars take different opinions about it.Some think that the the globalization derive

5、s from the ancient times and it covers three globalization derives from the ancient times and it covers three stages:the ancient times,the modern times and the contemporary age.stages:the ancient times,the modern times and the contemporary age.While the others thingk that the globalization was close

6、ly related to the While the others thingk that the globalization was closely related to the development of the modern capitalism,and it derives from the The Great development of the modern capitalism,and it derives from the The Great Geographical Discovery.Geographical Discovery.But the majority of

7、people claime that the globalization gradually come into But the majority of people claime that the globalization gradually come into being till the exitence of capitalist industry,especially when the monopolic being till the exitence of capitalist industry,especially when the monopolic capitalism c

8、ame out.capitalism came out.112Historical stages Stage 1: Stage 1: 15C-19C:15C-19C:The establishmengt of the western centralityThe establishmengt of the western centralityStage 2: Stage 2: From the end of the 19c to the beginning of the 20cFrom the end of the 19c to the beginning of the 20cThe first

9、 great wave of the globalizationThe first great wave of the globalizationStage3: 19c20s-1933Stage3: 19c20s-1933The Gilded Age(The Gilded Age(鍍金時(shí)代）鍍金時(shí)代） and The Great Depression and The Great DepressionStage 4: From the second world war to 1990sStage 4: From the second world war to 1990sSemi-globaliz

10、ationSemi-globalizationStage 5: 1990s-nowStage 5: 1990s-nowThe second great wave of the globalizationThe second great wave of the globalizationStage 1Stage 1The establishmengt of the western centralityThe establishmengt of the western centralityu14921492，Columbusvoyage to the AmericansColumbusvoyage

11、 to the Americansu1498,Vasco da Gama arrived at India1498,Vasco da Gama arrived at Indiau1519-1522,Magellan finished the whole voyage of the world1519-1522,Magellan finished the whole voyage of the worldu16c-19c,The England and Holland began to take up 16c-19c,The England and Holland began to take u

12、p marine marine trade(trade(海上貿(mào)易海上貿(mào)易) ) which led to many great changes to both which led to many great changes to both the two nations and the whold wrold.the two nations and the whold wrold.The significance in this stage lies in the establishment The significance in this stage lies in the establis

13、hment of the western centrality and then they started their of the western centrality and then they started their invasions in the whole world .invasions in the whole world .Imperialism, 1914Stage 2Stage 2 The first great wave of the globalizationThe first great wave of the globalizationThe prevalen

14、ce of the The prevalence of the Gold standardGold standard（金本位）（金本位）centralized by England centralized by England with the lowest tariff.While others countries and American took the with the lowest tariff.While others countries and American took the policy of policy of Tariff BarriersTariff Barriers

15、( (關(guān)稅壁壘）關(guān)稅壁壘）.Around 1880s,they gradually .Around 1880s,they gradually reduce their tariffs which greatly benefited the trade among reduce their tariffs which greatly benefited the trade among different nations.different nations.At the same time ,The economies and politics of the United States At th

16、e same time ,The economies and politics of the United States developed a lot and great changes had taken palce,which helped developed a lot and great changes had taken palce,which helped American began to take palce of the Englandposition.American began to take palce of the Englandposition.Keynes(Ke

17、ynes(凱恩斯）凱恩斯）description to the 19c economies:description to the 19c economies:u在那個(gè)人類經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中一段非凡的經(jīng)歷在在那個(gè)人類經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中一段非凡的經(jīng)歷在19141914年年8 8月結(jié)束了月結(jié)束了-倫敦居民可以一邊倚在床上品嘗早餐，一邊打電話訂購(gòu)全球的各種產(chǎn)品，他認(rèn)倫敦居民可以一邊倚在床上品嘗早餐，一邊打電話訂購(gòu)全球的各種產(chǎn)品，他認(rèn)為買多少合適就買多少，而且可以要求今早送貨上門；與此同時(shí)，他還可以用為買多少合適就買多少，而且可以要求今早送貨上門；與此同時(shí)，他還可以用同樣的辦法對(duì)世界任何地方的自然資源和新企業(yè)進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投

18、資，不費(fèi)辛勞或麻同樣的辦法對(duì)世界任何地方的自然資源和新企業(yè)進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，不費(fèi)辛勞或麻煩，就可以分享未來(lái)的成果和好處，或者他根據(jù)信息或自己的設(shè)想決定把資金煩，就可以分享未來(lái)的成果和好處，或者他根據(jù)信息或自己的設(shè)想決定把資金委托給某個(gè)周大城市里有信譽(yù)的人去打理。如果他希望旅行，他可以選擇便宜委托給某個(gè)周大城市里有信譽(yù)的人去打理。如果他希望旅行，他可以選擇便宜舒適的交通工具，到任何國(guó)家或任何地方去，無(wú)需辦理護(hù)照或者其他手續(xù)。他舒適的交通工具，到任何國(guó)家或任何地方去，無(wú)需辦理護(hù)照或者其他手續(xù)。他可以派仆人到附近銀行很便宜的購(gòu)買貴金屬；只要身上帶了錢幣，他到外國(guó)即可以派仆人到附近銀行很便宜的購(gòu)買貴金屬；

19、只要身上帶了錢幣，他到外國(guó)即便不知道當(dāng)?shù)氐淖诮?，語(yǔ)言或者風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，游玩也不會(huì)成為問(wèn)題，有時(shí)候他也便不知道當(dāng)?shù)氐淖诮?，語(yǔ)言或者風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，游玩也不會(huì)成為問(wèn)題，有時(shí)候他也許對(duì)某件事感到委屈，也許對(duì)幾乎暢通無(wú)阻感到是否驚訝，最重要的是，他認(rèn)許對(duì)某件事感到委屈，也許對(duì)幾乎暢通無(wú)阻感到是否驚訝，最重要的是，他認(rèn)為所有這些情況都是正常的、應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)暮屠懋?dāng)長(zhǎng)期存在的，此外他還希望情況得為所有這些情況都是正常的、應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)暮屠懋?dāng)長(zhǎng)期存在的，此外他還希望情況得到進(jìn)一步改善，任何偏向都是反常的、可恥的，應(yīng)當(dāng)避免的。到進(jìn)一步改善，任何偏向都是反常的、可恥的，應(yīng)當(dāng)避免的。Stage 3Stage 3The Gilded Age

20、(The Gilded Age(鍍金時(shí)代）鍍金時(shí)代） and The Great Depression and The Great DepressionuThe gap between rich and poor was widened(The gap between rich and poor was widened(貧富差距貧富差距拉大）拉大）uThe credit consumption was inflatedThe credit consumption was inflated（信貸消費(fèi)膨脹）（信貸消費(fèi)膨脹）uStock market was excessively speculat

21、edStock market was excessively speculated（股票市場(chǎng)（股票市場(chǎng)投機(jī)過(guò)度）投機(jī)過(guò)度）The great depressionThe great depressionthe overchange of the globalizationthe overchange of the globalizationThe outbreak of the crisis:The outbreak of the crisis:1929.10.241929.10.24The New York stock exchange The New York stock exchange

22、 in the stock market crashed, in the stock market crashed, which called “Black Thursday”which called “Black Thursday”Stage4:semi-globalization倫倫 敦敦11 敦敦123The Bretton Woods System （布雷頓森林體系）（布雷頓森林體系）The third technological revolution(第三次科技革命）第三次科技革命）Two parallel worlds(兩個(gè)平行世界）兩個(gè)平行世界）The Bretton Woods

23、 System （布雷頓森林體系）（布雷頓森林體系）FeaturesFeaturesu1 1、The dollar is direcylt linked together with The dollar is direcylt linked together with gold.gold.u2 2、Other countriescurrencies are all linked Other countriescurrencies are all linked together with dollar.together with dollar.EventsThe Marshall-aid pro

24、ject:(providing the same 10.6 milliondallars of grants and 1.8 billion inloans to Europe)The setting up of the OEEC(Organization for Europe Economy) The setting up of the EPU（European Payments Union）貿(mào)易體系The third technological revolution(第三次科技革命）第三次科技革命）uThe information technologyThe information tec

25、hnologyuThe modern biotechnologyThe modern biotechnology（現(xiàn)代生物工程技術(shù)）（現(xiàn)代生物工程技術(shù)）uThe advanced material technologyThe advanced material technology（新材料技術(shù)）（新材料技術(shù)）uThe energy technologyThe energy technologyuThe space The space technologytechnology（空間技術(shù)）（空間技術(shù)）uThe marine bioThe marine biotechnologytechnology

26、（海洋生物技術(shù)）（海洋生物技術(shù)）Two parallel worlds(兩個(gè)平行世界）兩個(gè)平行世界）The cold warThe cold warEconomically:Economically:1 1、American adopted the American adopted the Marshall PlanMarshall Plan( (馬歇爾計(jì)劃）馬歇爾計(jì)劃）towards towards Western Europe.Western Europe.2 2、The council for The council for Mutual Economic AssitanceMutual

27、 Economic Assitance( (經(jīng)濟(jì)互助委員經(jīng)濟(jì)互助委員會(huì)）會(huì)）established by established by The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union（蘇聯(lián)）（蘇聯(lián)）together with together with the other eastern European countries.the other eastern European countries.Politically and militarilyPolitically and militarily：1 1、The North Atlantic Treaty Organiz

28、ationThe North Atlantic Treaty Organization（北約）（北約）2 2、The Warsaw Treaty OrganizationThe Warsaw Treaty Organization（華約）（華約）Stage 5Stage 5The second great wave of the globalizationThe second great wave of the globalization113Current situation vThree components of globalization:The economic globalizat

29、ionThe political globalization The cultural globalization4114Components 1 Economic globalizationvWith the development of science and technology, the economic globalization had been born and now it is developing in a rapid speed.The performances of the economic globalizationv1) Production globalizati

30、onv2) The globalization of trade v3) Capital globalization Top 10 multinational companiesvWal-Mart (沃爾瑪沃爾瑪)vExxon Mobil (埃克森美孚?？松梨?vRoyal Dutch Shell (皇家殼牌石油皇家殼牌石油)vBP (英國(guó)石油英國(guó)石油)vGeneral Motors (通用汽車通用汽車)vToyota Motor (豐田汽車豐田汽車)vChevron (雪佛龍雪佛龍)vDaimler-Chrysler (戴姆勒克萊斯勒戴姆勒克萊斯勒)vConocoPhillips (康菲康

31、菲)vTotal(道達(dá)爾道達(dá)爾)2 The political globalizationuPolitical globalization is evident in the growing importance of international organization. These organizations are transnational and enable states to take concerted action without sacrificing national sovereignty.WTOWorld BankUnited NationsSome political organizationsvWorld Government Organization Coordinating Council (WGOCC)世界政府組織協(xié)調(diào)理事會(huì)世界政府組織協(xié)調(diào)理事會(huì) v Arab Summit Conference 阿拉伯國(guó)家首腦會(huì)議阿拉伯國(guó)家首腦會(huì)議 vGroup of 77 七十七國(guó)集團(tuán)七十七國(guó)集團(tuán) vWorld Health