（精心整理）英語形容詞和副詞的用法解析

1、形容詞和副詞一、形容詞 形容詞修飾名詞/不定代詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。一般放所修飾名詞前作定語，也可獨立作表語/賓補等1、作定語： this is an interesting story. kitty is a clever cat. 2、作表語： Yao Ming is very tall. our classroom is big and bright.3、作賓補： don't make your hands dirty. we're trying to make our school beautiful.可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞+敘述形容詞，不一定都放在名詞前面。

2、1、直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語、表語和補語。 例如：hot 熱的。2、敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid 害怕的。（錯）He is an ill man. （對）The man is ill. （錯）She is an afraid girl. （對）The girl is afraid. 這類詞還有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awak

3、e 等。3）形容詞作定語修飾名詞時，要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時，要放在這些詞后。 例如：something nice二、以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 1、大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍為形容詞。改錯：(錯） She sang lovely. （錯） He spoke to me very friendly.（對） Her singing was lovely. （對） He spoke to me in a very friendly wa

4、y.2、有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.三、用形容詞表示類別和整體 1、某些形容詞加上定冠詞可泛指一類人，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry。 The poor are losing hope.2、有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體，與動詞復(fù)數(shù)連用。the British，the English

5、，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor.四、多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序 多個形容詞修飾名詞時，順序：限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色) -出處-材料性質(zhì)，類別） a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car五、形容詞與副詞的比較級 大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最

6、高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1) 規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttall(高的) great(巨大的)tallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnice(好的) ；large(大的)able（有能力的）Nicer；largerablerNicest；largestablest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾

7、輔音字母，再加-er，-estbig(大的)hot (熱的)biggerhotterbiggesthottest"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-esteasy(容易的)busy(忙的)easierbusiereasiest busiest少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er，-estclever(聰明的)narrow(窄的)cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。important(重要的)easily(容易地)more important

8、more easilyMost importantmost easily2、 不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good(好的)；well(健康的)betterbestbad (壞的)；ill(有病的)worseworstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (遠的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest形容詞變副詞方式：1、在形容詞詞尾直接加-ly，構(gòu)成副詞。如： usual-usually, bad-badly等。注：不是所有以-ly結(jié)尾的單詞都是副詞，某些名

9、詞后加-ly可以轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。如：sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely等。2、以“輔音 字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i，再加-ly，如：hea vy-heavily, happy-happily等 ，并且要注意這些單詞的變化：polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-terribly等。二、副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，在句子中作狀語或表語的一類詞。 一、 分類：時間副詞（now, today, early, sometimes, already等）；地點副詞（outside, insid

10、e, upstairs, here, there, home等）；方式副詞（quickly, loudly, suddenly, fast, luckily等）；程度副詞（very, quite, rather, too, much, so等）；疑問副詞（when, where, why, how, how long, how often等）；關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why, how等） 一、副詞的位置：1、 在動詞之前。 2、在be動詞、助動詞之后。3、 多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后。注意：a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We

11、could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副詞well，badly糟、壞，hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well.二、副詞的排列順序：1） 時間，地點副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。2） 方式副詞，短的在前，長的在后，并用and或but等連詞連接。Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多個不同副詞排列：程度+地點+方式+時間副詞。注意：副詞very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動詞。改錯：(錯)I very like English. (對)I like Eng

12、lish very much.注意：副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。 I don't know him well enough. 2、There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat.as+形容詞或副詞原級+as 1、在否定句或疑問句中可用so as。 He cannot run so/as fast as you.2、當as as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式。 as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞； as + many/much +名詞

13、 This is as good an example as the other is. 2、 I can carry as much paper as you can.3、用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.2、Your room is the same size as mine.4、倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍數(shù)+ then + of This bridge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is thr

14、ee times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice the size of mine. 比較級形容詞或副詞+than You are taller than I. They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.注意： 1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。 (錯) He is more cleverer than his brother. (對) He is more clever than his brother.

15、(對) He is clever than his brother. 2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。 (錯) China is larger that any country in Asia. (對) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意對應(yīng)句型，遵循前后一致的原則。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 2、It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時候，

16、前面才有可能有名詞。比較：Which is large, Canada or Australia? 2、 Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. 2、 She is the taller of the two sisters. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 可修飾比較級的詞 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still,

17、even等2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3）以上詞(除by far)外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。典型例題:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，I'm fine now.A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，well的比較級為better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected.A.mor e B.much more C.much D.more much答

18、案：C.much可修飾比較級，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C為正確答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D.a much happier time w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m many, old和far 1) 如果后接名詞時， much more +不可數(shù)名詞many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)2) old 有兩種比較級和最高級

19、形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系。My elder brother is an engineer. 2、 Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3) far 有兩種比較級，farther，further. 在英語中兩者都可指距離。在美語中，father 表示距離，further表示進一步。I have nothing further to say. 2、 already和yet的區(qū)別：already用于陳述句，一般用于句中，但不能和時間狀語放在一起，；yet用來談某事在預(yù)

20、料之中，用于疑問句時譯為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中譯為“尚未，還沒有”，一般都放于句末。如： the train has already arrived. i have already read the book. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m the+最高級+比較范圍 1、The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級前可不用。形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示"非常"。It is a most important problem. =It is a

21、 very important problem.注意： 使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。(錯)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (對)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2、下列詞可修飾最高級，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意： a.very可修飾最高級，但位置與much不同。This is the very best. This is much the best.b.序數(shù)詞

22、通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.3、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) "否定詞語+比較級"，"否定詞語+ so as"結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest th

23、ing. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 和more有關(guān)的詞組1、 the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make.2、more B than A與其說A不如說B ；less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.3、 no more than 與一樣，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 3-2、no less than與一樣 He is no less diligent than you.4、 more than不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all.典型例題1）The weather in China is different from_.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 兼有兩種