第四章礦石及半產(chǎn)品的真空蒸餾(2013)

1、1 234圖圖4-1 氧化物的蒸氣壓與溫度的關(guān)系氧化物的蒸氣壓與溫度的關(guān)系5678 與氧化物和硫化物相與氧化物和硫化物相比，氯化物具有強(qiáng)的揮比，氯化物具有強(qiáng)的揮發(fā)性。多種氯化物的沸發(fā)性。多種氯化物的沸點(diǎn)只有幾百點(diǎn)只有幾百K，所以利，所以利用它們的揮發(fā)性應(yīng)更為用它們的揮發(fā)性應(yīng)更為有利。有利。 91011金精礦金精礦AsSCFeSiO2Al2O3CaOMgOCuZnPbAu/g t-1Ag/ g t-13.556.35179.742.714.81.461.120.080.330.0840-6.012.022.512.831.010.81.60.20.25-100-6.311.616.715.330

2、.510.91.70.90.470.130.0870305.9414.3413.3814.6432.611.331.650.860.2-66-5.4613.916.612.329.09.530.760.950.3-82.5-11.626.1-27.027.04.02.14-0.220.20.3432.0-4.2642.8-42.76.96-1.351.21-61.042.0121314實(shí)驗(yàn)條件實(shí)驗(yàn)條件殘?jiān)鼩堅(jiān)?/%砷揮發(fā)率砷揮發(fā)率 /%溫度溫度/ K生產(chǎn)力生產(chǎn)力/ kg d-1產(chǎn)出率產(chǎn)出率含砷量含砷量107310.595.72.3559.7117310.588.41.4079.41073159

3、7.03.1749.311731592.52.1866.112031588.30.4493.5122332.291.31.5076.9127332.287.90.4892.915實(shí)驗(yàn)條件實(shí)驗(yàn)條件殘?jiān)鼩堅(jiān)?/ %砷揮發(fā)率砷揮發(fā)率 / %溫度溫度/ K*生產(chǎn)力生產(chǎn)力/ t (m2 d)-1產(chǎn)出率產(chǎn)出率含砷含砷9734.888.04.0543.010735.285.01.678.411735.084.00.4793.711734.084.00.1298.412733.084.00.0799.0107314.685.92.466.710737.985.02.0971.710735.285.01.678

4、.410734.485.00.7390.010734.085.00.494.611332.584.00.3295.711332.584.00.2796.411336.085.00.791.016物料物料SbAu/g t-1AgAsFeSCPbCuZnSiO2CaOAl2O3MgO金金-銻塊銻塊 狀精礦狀精礦6037-0.250.120.8-18.7-金金-銻礦銻礦22.4210.0010.62.28.284.50.050.010.0153.1-5.30.3銻浮選精銻浮選精礦礦28.41-0.457.4618.5-37.533.584.140.7銻塊狀精銻塊狀精礦礦29.2-0.661.911.

5、4-0.210.130.255.350.640.651.9171819202122實(shí)驗(yàn)條件實(shí)驗(yàn)條件銻在揮發(fā)物銻在揮發(fā)物中的收率中的收率 / %溫度溫度/K時(shí)間時(shí)間/ min殘壓殘壓/kPa料量料量/kg生產(chǎn)力生產(chǎn)力 / t (m2 d)-1923300.6671012.071.0973790.820.06.593.01023901.7330.08.794.351073471.4710.07.895.01123951.7330.08.698.21173851.4730.09.397.21273951.7335.09.698.023242526精礦精礦HgSbSSiO2Al2O3FeCaOMgOP

6、bZnAsF11.334.617.422.92.544.34.243.490.30.260.22-27試試 驗(yàn)驗(yàn) 條條 件件殘?jiān)繗堅(jiān)?%揮發(fā)率揮發(fā)率/%升華渣溫度升華渣溫度/K殘壓殘壓/Pa生產(chǎn)能力生產(chǎn)能力/t (m2 d)-1HgSbHgSb59313.30.30.00336.999.70.962339.90.50.006-99.5-63339.92.00.002-99.83-65339.90.750.007-99.4-65339.90.750.00234.899.8313.265339.91.00.00433.299.6717.265313334.00.00435.1299.632

7、.265313335.00.0135.099.072.771313335.80.00435.299.62271366655.00.0435.596.81.32829物料物料PbZnCuFeSSiO2CaOAl2O3MgO礦物礦物鉛精礦鉛精礦34.055.470.0918.224.351.222.02.460.81FeS2 40，PbS-40，ZnS-1045.09.32.28.2619.2-PbS-50，ZnS-10，F(xiàn)eS2 -CuFeS2，Cu2S57.653.270.38-PbS-60，F(xiàn)eS2-20，ZnS-549.510.150.079.523.32.150.70.250.443.6

8、9.73.18.818.03.452.031.01.5復(fù)合精礦復(fù)合精礦10.840.96.026.37-2.3114.73.617.2427.355.6813.460.5321.924.310.59.927.412.80.50.40.3ZnS-40， PbS-30，F(xiàn)eS2-10，Cu2S-514.13.216.155.3112.434.751.54.75銅銅-鉛精礦鉛精礦23.634.1426.434.9115.28-PbS-30，Cu2S-10，CuS3.722.140.07.018.3220.52.16.60.6Cu2S-25，ZnS-3，F(xiàn)e2O3 多金屬礦多金屬礦0.926.71.3

9、632.5941.593.58.70.90.29FeS2，ZnS-57，CuFeS2-23，F(xiàn)eAsS303132333435363738元素元素AsCuSnZnSFeSbPbCaoSiO2MgOA12O3Ag(g/t）含量含量(%)13.49.784.594.229.1428.430.80.35微量微量3.761.291.9766239 由圖可見，幾種金屬揮發(fā)的溫度有明顯的區(qū)別。砷在約923K揮發(fā)已較完全，在此溫度下錫揮發(fā)很少。升高溫度，錫揮發(fā)量增大，至1073K時(shí)錫揮發(fā)幾近完全，而在此溫度下鋅揮發(fā)很少。升高溫度到1273K，鋅明顯揮發(fā)，此時(shí)銀也開始有所揮發(fā)。繼續(xù)升溫至鋅揮發(fā)完全時(shí)，銀已揮發(fā)

10、約50%。40 真空度對金屬的揮發(fā)也有影響。圖4-22中砷在殘壓改變的范圍內(nèi)（0.15.3kPa）揮發(fā)率不變，而錫則在殘壓小于1.3kPa后有揮發(fā)率明顯升高之勢。 上述情況表明，原料中許多金屬都可揮發(fā)，而且有可能控制不同的溫度以分別揮發(fā)某些金屬，從而得到不同的揮發(fā)冷凝物。 41物料名稱物料名稱物料重量物料重量/g成分成分 /%揮發(fā)率揮發(fā)率/ %AsCuSnZnSAgAsSnZnS冷凝物冷凝物6.749.57-4.49-28.12-99.023.5-21.3冷凝物冷凝物1.90.46-46.162.530.77-0.276.44.58.4殘?jiān)鼩堅(jiān)?6.40.1614.490.0746.1131.

11、280.10899.299.24.529.742元素元素CoAsFeNiSCaMgSiO2AuAg含量含量/（%） 9.9656.97.242.100.982.200.735.9013g/t88g/t4344454647元素元素CuPbZnFeSNaAs富集熔煉富集熔煉3514.211.813.023.5-268.76.328.519-返料熔煉返料熔煉30.321.64.89.328.90.7-鉛礦熔煉鉛礦熔煉17.115.410.323.615.2-連續(xù)脫銅連續(xù)脫銅55.421.01.61.4180.7-49.526.22.54.5161.0-銅礦熔煉銅礦熔煉437.64.321.221.9

12、-581.61.014.823.6-48495051溫度溫度/K冰銅冰銅量量/kg加料加料/g min-1單產(chǎn)單產(chǎn)/t (m2 d)-1產(chǎn)渣產(chǎn)渣/kg向下向下盤數(shù)盤數(shù)冰銅成分冰銅成分/ %鉛揮發(fā)鉛揮發(fā)/ %備注備注CuPb1423102206.07.7771.31.195.68層塔層塔268.52.6989.78層塔層塔571.31.5594.38層塔層塔1473253509.6182761.1295.58層塔層塔5760.996.48層塔層塔7760.897.38層塔層617.1464.73.1387.34層塔層312.5466.32.88

13、9.04層塔層416.0467.52.690.54層塔層67.5473.81.8693.44層塔層816.0473.01.6993.64層塔層塔525354序序號號作業(yè)時(shí)作業(yè)時(shí)間間/ h蒸發(fā)塔蒸發(fā)塔溫度溫度/K殘壓殘壓/ kPa冰銅成分冰銅成分 /%數(shù)量數(shù)量 / kg鉛提取鉛提取率率 /%CuPbS冷凝物冷凝物處理的冰處理的冰銅銅11.514731.3372.66.616.8946.2190722214931.3373.16.116.752.6225743214981.671.47.117.851.32207041.514731.3372.86.317.545.5185735214730.5375.5416.962.62508362.314730.4076.42.217.350.01709372.514730.2777.31.519.256.51429455冶金過程中的