2019考研英語(yǔ)完形填空模擬題23篇

1、2019考研英語(yǔ)模擬題(1)SectionUseofEnglishDirections：（ABC1.Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwords）fromeachnumberedblankandmark，orDonANSWERSHEET（10points）一、美陪審團(tuán)制度AsformercolonistsofGreatBritain，theFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesadoptedmuchofthelegalsystemofGreatBritain.Wehavea“commonlaw”，orlawmadebycourts_1

2、_amonarchorothercentralgovernmental_2_likealegislature.Thejury，a_3_ofordinarycitizenschosentodecideacase，isan_4_partofourcommon-lawsystem.Useofjuriestodecidecasesisa_5_featureoftheAmericanlegalsystem.FewothercountriesintheworldusejuriesaswedointheUnitedStates._6_thecenturies，manypeoplehavebelievedth

3、atjuriesinmostcasesreachafairerandmorejustresult_7_wouldbeobtainedusingajudge_8_，asmanycountriesdo._9_ajurydecidescasesafter“_10_”，ordiscussionsamongagroupofpeople，thejurysdecisionislikelytohavethe_11_frommanydifferentpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds，whomustasagroupdecidewhatisright.Juriesareusedinbot

4、hcivilcases，whichdecide_12_among_13_citizens，andcriminalcases，whichdecidecasesbroughtbythegovernment_14_thatindividualshavecommittedcrimes.JuriesareselectedfromtheU.S.citizensand_15_.Jurors，consistingof_16_numbers，arecalledforeachcaserequiringajury.Thejudge_17_tothecase_18_theselectionofjurorstoserv

5、easthejuryforthatcase.Insomestates，_19_jurorsarequestionedbythejudge；inothers，theyarequestionedbythelawyersrepresentingthe_20_underrulesdictatedbystatelaw.1.AotherthanBratherthanCmorethanDorrather2.AagencyBorganizationCinstitutionDauthority3.ApanelBcrewCbandDflock4.AinnateBintactCintegralDintegrated

6、5.AdiscriminatingBdistinguishingCdeterminingDdiminishing6.AinBbyCafterDover7.AthatBwhichCthanDas8.AalikeBaloneCaltogetherDapart9.AAlthoughBBecauseCIfDWhile10.AdeliberationsBmeditationsCreflectionsDspeculations11.AoutlineBoutcomeCinputDintake12.AargumentsBcontroversiesCdisputesDhostilities13.AfellowB

7、individualCpersonalDprivate14.AassertingBallegingCmaintainingDtestifying15.AassembledBevokedCralliedDsummoned16.AsetBexactCgivenDplaced17.AallocatedBallottedCappointedDassigned18.AadministersBmanagesCoverseesDpresides19.AinspectiveBirrespectiveCperspectiveDprospective20.AbodiesBpartiesCsidesDunits答案

8、.B2.D3.A4.C5.B6.D7.C8.B9.B10.A1.C12.C13.D14.B15.D16.A17.D18.C19.D20.B總體分析本文介紹了美國(guó)的陪審團(tuán)制度。第一段指出，陪審團(tuán)是美國(guó)共同法系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分。第二段分析了使用陪審團(tuán)的原因。第三和四段分別介紹了陪審團(tuán)的類(lèi)型和選舉程序。全文翻譯美國(guó)的建國(guó)之父?jìng)冏鳛榇笥⒌蹏?guó)的前殖民者沿襲了其法律系統(tǒng)。我們有“共同法”，即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法機(jī)關(guān)這樣的中央政府權(quán)利機(jī)關(guān)制定的法律。陪審團(tuán)由一群選來(lái)裁決案件的普通公民組成，是我們共同法系統(tǒng)基本的組成部分。使用陪審團(tuán)裁決案件是美國(guó)法律系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)顯著特征。在世界上很少有其他國(guó)家和美國(guó)一樣使

9、用陪審團(tuán)。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，許多人已經(jīng)相信在大多數(shù)情況下陪審團(tuán)比許多國(guó)家那樣單獨(dú)使用一位法官達(dá)成的結(jié)果更公平、公正。因?yàn)榕銓張F(tuán)裁決案件是在一群人“審議”或討論后，因此他們的決定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影響，這些人必須作為一個(gè)團(tuán)體來(lái)決定什么是正確的。陪審團(tuán)既被用在裁決普通公民之間糾紛的民事案件中，也用在裁決政府提出訟訴聲稱(chēng)個(gè)人犯罪的刑事案件中。陪審團(tuán)成員從美國(guó)公民中選出并被傳喚。由固定人數(shù)組成的陪審團(tuán)在每一個(gè)需要陪審團(tuán)的案件中都會(huì)被召喚。被指派負(fù)責(zé)案件的法官監(jiān)督陪審團(tuán)成員的選舉。在一些州，未來(lái)的陪審團(tuán)成員由法官詢(xún)問(wèn)，而在另一些州，他們遵照州法律規(guī)定的法規(guī)接受代表各方當(dāng)事人的律師的詢(xún)問(wèn)。二、英國(guó)車(chē)速

10、監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)TheTreasurycouldpocket20millionayearinextrafinesoncethecountrysspeedcameranetworkisexpanded.Motoringorganizationswarnedthatthe_1_couldbecomeapolltaxonwheels，_2_hugenumberofdrivers.Therecouldbemanymoreincidentsofvandalism_3_cameras.Thewarningscame_4_aDailyMailsurveyfoundalmostallthe23policeforces

11、inEnglandandWaleswereeither_5_toexpansionplansorconsidering_6_.Nationwide，thenumberofspeedingticketsisexpectedtotreble，_7_90millionayear._8_thescheme，policekeepsomeofthecashfromfinesto_9_thecostsoffittingandmaintainingextracamerasand_10_thatexistingonesalwayshavefilminthem.TherestwillgototheTreasury

12、.BothMinistersandpoliceinsisttheschemeisaimed_11_atmakingroadssafer.Theypointtotrialsineightareaswhichcutcollisionsbyaquarteranddeathsandseriousinjuriesby_12_ahalf.Butmotoringorganizationsfearcameraswillbesitedonrelativelysafe_13_faststretchestocatchasmanydriversaspossible.Someforcesarealsoexpectedt

13、o_14_the“threshold”speedsatwhichcamerasare_15_totheabsolutelegalminimum-15mphina10mphlimit，and26mphina20mphzone.Thiscouldencouragedriverstostareattheirspeedometersinsteadofconcentratingontheroad，and_16_tomoreaccidents.SueNicholson，headofcampaignsattheRAC，said，“Wedonthaveaproblemwithspeedcameras_17_.

14、Butwedohaveconcernsabout_18_theyaresited.Policerisklosingcredibility_19_motoristsifcamerasareseenasrevenue-raising_20_safetydevices.”1.ApromotionsBpunishmentsCpenaltiesDpayments2.AisolatingBseparatingCalienatingDdetaching3.AtowardsBagainstCbeforeDover4.AsoBonceCasDwhere5.AsubjectedBengagedCintendedD

15、committed6.AtakingpartBkeepingsilenceCmakingexceptionDpayingrespect7.AfinancingBprofitingCfundingDnetting8.AFromBUnderCOnDWith9.AhideBcoverCconcealDveil10.ApledgingBassuringCconfirmingDensuring11.AessentiallyBstronglyCwholeheartedlyDpurely12.AinallBfewerthanCatmostDupto13.AbutBwhereasCthoughDwhile14

16、.AfitBputCsetDfix15.AleveredBgearedChandledDtriggered16.AleadBaddCcontributeDresort17.AanylessBbyitselfCafterallDassuch18.AwhoBwhenCwhereDwhich19.AinBwithCagainstDfor20.AinspiteofBfarfromCratherthanDbymeansof答案.C2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A7.D8.B9.B10.D1.D12.D13.A14.C15.B16.A17.D18.C19.B20.C總體分析本文講述了英國(guó)車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像體系擴(kuò)張

17、計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容及影響，著重闡述了這一計(jì)劃的支持者（警察和財(cái)政部門(mén)）和反對(duì)者（機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)管理機(jī)構(gòu)）的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。全文翻譯一旦擴(kuò)大車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像體系，這個(gè)國(guó)家財(cái)政部每年就能從罰款中額外增加2000萬(wàn)收入。機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)管理機(jī)構(gòu)警告說(shuō)這種罰款可能變成對(duì)汽車(chē)征收的人頭稅，從而疏遠(yuǎn)很多駕駛者。也可能出現(xiàn)更多破壞攝像機(jī)的事件。警告出現(xiàn)的同時(shí)，每日郵報(bào)的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)英格蘭和威爾士的23支警力幾乎都有所行動(dòng)，不是致力于部署監(jiān)控體系的擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃，就是在考慮加入其中。預(yù)計(jì)（在實(shí)施監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)后）全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)違章超速行駛的罰單數(shù)量會(huì)增加兩倍，罰金數(shù)目一年達(dá)9000萬(wàn)。按照計(jì)劃，警察保留一部分罰金用以支付安裝和維修新攝像機(jī)的費(fèi)用，并且保證現(xiàn)有的攝像機(jī)中

18、總是裝有膠卷。其余的罰金將上繳財(cái)政部。財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)們和警察都堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為該計(jì)劃的目的是提高公路的安全性。他們指出八個(gè)試點(diǎn)地區(qū)撞車(chē)事故減少了四分之一，嚴(yán)重傷亡事故減少至一半。但是機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)管理機(jī)構(gòu)擔(dān)心警察為了多開(kāi)罰單會(huì)把攝像機(jī)裝在相對(duì)安全但行車(chē)速度較快的直行道上，還會(huì)為車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)設(shè)置最低合法車(chē)速標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如把正常的每小時(shí)10英里限速提高到每小時(shí)15英里，每小時(shí)20英里限速提高到每小時(shí)26英里。這樣做會(huì)使司機(jī)盯著自己的里程計(jì)而不把精力集中到路面上，從而引發(fā)更多的交通事故。英國(guó)皇家汽車(chē)俱樂(lè)部（RAC）活動(dòng)負(fù)責(zé)人休。尼科爾森說(shuō)，“嚴(yán)格上說(shuō)，我們對(duì)車(chē)速監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)并無(wú)意見(jiàn)，我們擔(dān)憂(yōu)的是它們被安放的地點(diǎn)。如果把監(jiān)控?cái)z像

19、機(jī)視為（政府）聚斂財(cái)政收入的手段而不是安全設(shè)施，那么警察就可能喪失他們?cè)隈{駛者心目中的威信”。三、大眾媒體Themassmediaisabigpartofourculture，yetitcanalsobeahelper，adviserandteachertoouryounggeneration.Themassmediaaffectsthelivesofouryoungbyactingasa（an）_1_foranumberofinstitutionsandsocialcontacts.Inthisway，it_2_avarietyoffunctionsinhumanlife.Thetimesp

20、entinfrontofthetelevisionscreenisusuallyatthe_3_ofleisure：thereislesstimeforgames，amusementandrest._4_bywhatishappeningonthescreen，childrennotonlyimitatewhattheyseebutdirectly_5_themselveswithdifferentcharacters.Americanshavebeenconcernedaboutthe_6_ofviolenceinthemediaandits_7_harmtochildrenandadole

21、scentsforatleastfortyyears.Duringthisperiod，newmedia_8_，suchasvideogames，cabletelevision，musicvideos，andtheInternet.Astheycontinuetogainpopularity，thesemedia，_9_television，_10_publicconcernandresearchattention.Anotherlargesocietalconcernonouryounggeneration_11_bythemedia，isbodyimage._12_forcescaninf

22、luencebodyimagepositivelyornegatively._13_one，societalandculturalnormsandmassmediamarketing_14_ourconceptsofbeauty.Inthemassmedia，theimagesof_15_beautyfillmagazinesandnewspapers，_16_fromourtelevisionsandentertainus_17_themovies.Eveninadvertising，themassmedia_18_onacceptedculturalvaluesofthinnessandf

23、itnessforcommercialgain.Youngadultsarepresentedwitha_19_definedstandardofattractiveness，a（n）_20_thatcarriesunrealisticphysicalexpectations.1.AalternativeBpreferenceCsubstituteDrepresentative2.AaccomplishesBfulfillsCprovidesDsuffices3.AriskBmercyCheightDexpense4.AAbsorbedBAttractedCArousedDAddicted5.

24、AidentifyBrecognizeCunifyDequate6.AabundanceBincidenceCprevalenceDreccurrence7.AdisposedBhiddenCimplicitDpotential8.AmergedBemergedCimmergedDsubmerged9.AapartfromBmuchasCbutforDalongwith10.ApromoteBpropelCpromptDprosper11.AinspiredBimposedCdeliveredDcontributed12.AExternalBExteriorCExplicitDExposed1

25、3.AAsBAtCForDIn14.AmarkBeffectCimpactDshock15.AgeneralizedBregularizedCstandardizedDcategorized16.AboomBbottomCbrimDbeam17.AoverBwithConDat18.AplayBtakeCprofitDresort19.AbarelyBcarefullyCnarrowlyDsubjectively20.AidealBimageCstereotypeDcriterion答案.C2.B3.D4.B5.A6.C7.D8.B9.D10.C1.B12.A13.C14.C15.C16.A1

26、7.D18.A19.C20.A總體分析本文主要論述了大眾媒介對(duì)青少年產(chǎn)生的影響。第一段指出，大眾媒介可以替代社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)和社會(huì)交往在年輕人的生活中起著各種各樣的作用。第二段指出，由于青少年模仿他們?cè)陔娨曋锌吹降哪酥翆⑵渑c現(xiàn)實(shí)相混淆，人們一直擔(dān)憂(yōu)媒介對(duì)他們可能產(chǎn)生危害。第三段媒介對(duì)美的狹隘界定對(duì)青少年的不良影響。全文翻譯大眾媒體是我們文化的重要組成部分，但是它也可以成為年輕一代的助手、建議者和教師。大眾媒介作為許多機(jī)構(gòu)和社會(huì)交往的替代品影響著年輕人的生活。通過(guò)這種方式，它在人們生活中起到了各種各樣的作用。在電視屏幕前耗費(fèi)的時(shí)間常常是以休閑為代價(jià)的，即有更少的時(shí)間用于游戲、娛樂(lè)和休息。由于被電視屏幕上

27、的東西吸引，孩子們不僅模仿他們看到的，而且還直接將自己視為電視中的各種不同的人物。美國(guó)人對(duì)媒體中暴力的普及及其對(duì)孩子和青少年的潛在危害的擔(dān)憂(yōu)至少已經(jīng)有四十年了。在這段時(shí)期里，新的媒體，如：電視游戲、有線(xiàn)電視、音樂(lè)錄像帶以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)出現(xiàn)了。由于這些媒體繼續(xù)受到歡迎，它們連同電視一起引起了公眾的擔(dān)憂(yōu)和研究的注意。媒體使年輕一代受到社會(huì)另一大關(guān)注的方面是身體形象問(wèn)題。外部力量能對(duì)身體形象產(chǎn)生正面和負(fù)面的影響。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，社會(huì)文化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和大眾媒介的營(yíng)銷(xiāo)沖擊著我們關(guān)于美的觀(guān)念。在大眾媒介中，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)美女的形象充斥著報(bào)刊雜志，從電視中播放出來(lái)，在電影中娛樂(lè)著我們。甚至大眾媒介還在廣告中利用公認(rèn)的瘦和健康的文化價(jià)值來(lái)贏(yíng)

28、得商業(yè)利潤(rùn)。青少年被給予的是狹隘界定的吸引力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它是一種包含著對(duì)外形的不切實(shí)際的期望的完美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。四、英國(guó)的飲食與健康A(chǔ)recentparliamentaryreportblamesthegovernmentandthefoodindustryforthegrowthinobesity.TheDepartmentofTransportisblamedfornotdoingenoughto_1_facilitiesforpedestriansandcyclistswhile_2_topressurefrommotoringorganizationsrepresentingcarusers.Th

29、eMinistryofEducationis_3_ofsellingoffschoolplayingfieldsandnotdoingenoughto_4_adequatefacilitiesforphysicaleducationandgames.YoungpeopleinBritainhavebecomecrazyaboutfootball（soccerandrugby），buttoooftenas_5_“couchpotatoes”。Thefoodindustryisblamedforpromotingjunkfoodtoschoolchildrenandnotdoingenoughto

30、_6_downonsugar，fatsandsaltinpreparedfoods.Theindustry，_7_bythecurrentpopularityoftheAtkinslow-carbohydratediet，hasbegunto_8_，butitistryingtoprotectahugemarketandwillneedtodo_9_moreifitisto_10_offincreasedregulation.Japanseemsless_11_sofarbytheproblemofobesity，_12_astheJapanesedietbecomesincreasingly

31、_13_（burgersanddoughnuts）theproblemwillgrow._14_，JapanesecuisinehasbecomehighlypopularinBritain.ItisseenashealthyinadifferentwayfromtheMediterraneandiet_15_itsemphasisontomatoesandoliveoilcombinedwithredwine.Afairlysmallamountofredwineisnow_16_asbeneficialtotheheart，_17_itsotherencouragingproperties

32、.ButBritainhastodomoreto_18_theproblemsofalcoholism_19_withthebinge-drinkingcultureincludingviolenceandvandalism.Limitedconsumptionofalcohol，aslongasitisnot_20_withdriving，isharmlessandpossiblybeneficial.1.AstimulateBcommendCpromoteDelevate2.AsubmittingBsubjectingCsubordinatingDsurrendering3.Acharge

33、dBdenouncedCscoldedDaccused4.AassureBensureCsecureDguard5.AspeculatingBspectatingCspecializingDsightseeing6.AfallBgetCcutDbring7.AstungBbittenCchewedDlicked8.AretortBrefuteCrespondDresolve9.AabundantlyBconsiderablyCextensivelyDprincipally10.AdefendBbeatCholdDward11.AupsetBaffectedCeffectedDimpressed

34、12.AorBforCbutDif13.ApopularizedBglobalizedCwesternizedDlocalized14.AAccordinglyBInterestinglyCSurprisinglyDStrikingly15.AasBonCbutDwith16.AacceptedBapprovedCassumedDacknowledged17.AbutforBletaloneCregardlessofDmuchless18.AcopeBchallengeCtackleDundertake19.AmatchedBrelatedCunitedDassociated20.Abonde

35、dBcombinedCmergedDincorporated答案.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.C7.A8.C9.B10.D1.B12.C13.C14.B15.D16.A17.B18.C19.D20.B總體分析本文主要介紹了英國(guó)飲食存在的問(wèn)題。第一至二段指出，英國(guó)政府和食品工業(yè)被指責(zé)導(dǎo)致肥胖患者的增多。第三段指出，一方面日本飲食因日益西化，肥胖問(wèn)題變得嚴(yán)重；另一方面，日本飲食在英國(guó)很流行，被視為健康飲食。第四段指出適度飲酒對(duì)身體有益，但英國(guó)要應(yīng)付的是與過(guò)度引酒相關(guān)的問(wèn)題。全文翻譯一份最近的議會(huì)報(bào)告指責(zé)政府和食品工業(yè)導(dǎo)致肥胖患者增多。交通部門(mén)被指責(zé)在促進(jìn)步行和騎車(chē)設(shè)施的發(fā)展方面做“得不夠，而且屈

36、從于代表汽車(chē)使用者的機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)組織的壓力。教育部被指責(zé)出賣(mài)學(xué)校的操場(chǎng)，在保證提供用于體育教學(xué)和游戲的充足設(shè)施方面做得不夠。英國(guó)的年輕人為足球和橄欖球而瘋狂，但更多的只是坐在家里看電視的沙發(fā)土豆”。食品工業(yè)被指控向?qū)W生兜售垃圾食品，在減少熟食中糖、脂肪和鹽含量方面做得不夠。受到目前艾特金斯低碳水化合物飲食潮流的刺激，食品工業(yè)已經(jīng)有所反應(yīng)，但是它要努力保護(hù)一個(gè)龐大的市場(chǎng)，而且如果要避開(kāi)日益增多的規(guī)定，它需要做的事情還很多。迄今為止，日本看上去受肥胖問(wèn)題的影響較小，但是隨著日本人食譜的日益西化（夾餅和油炸圈餅）問(wèn)題會(huì)變得嚴(yán)重。有趣的是，日式烹飪?cè)谟?guó)很流行。它被看作是有別于地中海飲食的另一種健康飲食，后

37、者著重于西紅柿和橄欖油以及與之相結(jié)合的紅酒。稍飲紅酒現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為有利于心臟，更不用說(shuō)紅酒其它令人振奮的品性。但是英國(guó)人還需要做許多事情來(lái)解決與狂飲文化有關(guān)的酗酒問(wèn)題包括暴力和破壞行為。有節(jié)制的酒類(lèi)消費(fèi)，只要不和駕駛行為搭伴，就是無(wú)害的并可能是有益的。五、失眠Chronicinsomniaisamajorpublichealthproblem.Andtoomanypeopleareusing_1_therapies，evenwhilethereareafewtreatmentsthatdowork.MillionsofAmericans_2_awakeatnightcountingsheeporh

38、aveastiffdrinkor_3_anpill，hopingitwillmakethemsleepy._4_expertsagreeallthatself-medicatingisabadidea，andthecausesofchronicinsomniaremain_5_.Almostathirdofadultshavetroublesleeping，andabout10percenthave_6_ofdaytimeimpairmentthatsignaltrueinsomnia.But_7_thecomplaints，scientistsknowsurprisinglylittleab

39、outwhatcauseschronicinsomnia，itshealthconsequencesandhowbesttotreatit，apanelofspecialists_8_togetherbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthconcludedWednesday.Thepanelcalled_9_abroadrangeofresearchintoinsomnia，_10_thatifscientistsunderstoodits_11_causes，theycoulddevelopbettertreatments.Most，butnotall，insomni

40、aisthoughtto_12_otherhealthproblems，fromarthritisanddepressiontocardiovasculardisease.Thequestionofteniswhethertheinsomniacamefirstorwasaresultoftheotherdiseasesandhowtroublesleepingin_13_complicatesthoseotherproblems.Otherdiseases_14_，theriskofinsomniaseemstoincreasewithageandtobemore_15_amongwomen

41、，especiallyaftertheir50s.Smoking，caffeineandnumerous_16_drugsalsoaffectsleep.TheNIHisspendingabout$200millionthisyearonsleep-relatedresearch，some_17_tospecificdisordersandothers_18_theunderlyingscientificlawsthatcontrolthenervoussystemofsleep.Theagencywas_19_thepanelsreviewbeforedecidingwhataddition

42、alworkshouldbe_20_atinsomnia.1.AunprovenBunknownCimproperDimperative2.AfallBlieCseemDbecome3.AprescribeBpopCabuseDexperiment4.AAndBThoughCThusDBut5.ApeculiarBanonymousCmysteriousDunexpected6.AsignalsBsymptomsCsignsDsymbols7.AinadditiontoBexceptforCowingtoDforall8.ApulledBcollectedCbroughtDdrawn9.Aon

43、BforCupDin10.AnotingBnotifyingCnosingDnominating11.AundertakingBunderliningCunderlyingDundermining12.AcauseBaccompanyCfollowDattend13.AshortBcaseCessenceDturn14.AinsideBoutsideCasideDbesides15.AcommonBpopularCfrequentDregular16.AconscriptionBdescriptionCsubscriptionDprescription17.AaimedBtargetedCde

44、signatedDdesigned18.AexaminingBinspectingCverifyingDassessing19.AconductingBawaitingCreceivingDconsidering20.AassignedBchargedCdirectedDattended答案1.A2.B3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.C9.B10.A11.C12.B13.D14.C15.A16.D17.B18.A19.B20.C總體分析本文主要介紹了對(duì)失眠的研究工作。文章第一段指出慢性失眠是一個(gè)重要的公共健康問(wèn)題，但其致病原因仍是個(gè)迷。第二段介紹了（美）全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所一個(gè)專(zhuān)家小組的結(jié)論，該小

45、組呼吁對(duì)失眠進(jìn)行廣泛的研究。第三段討論了失眠與其他因素，如疾病、年齡、藥物等的關(guān)系。第四段介紹了（美）全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所對(duì)失眠正在進(jìn)行的研究情況。全文翻譯慢性失眠是一個(gè)主要的公共健康問(wèn)題。而且，太多人正使用未經(jīng)驗(yàn)證的治療方法，盡管有些方法確實(shí)是有效的。上百萬(wàn)的美國(guó)人夜里睡不著覺(jué)，躺著數(shù)羔羊、喝杯烈酒或吞個(gè)藥片，希望這會(huì)使他們產(chǎn)生困意。然而，專(zhuān)家們一致認(rèn)為，自作主張亂吃藥并不是解決失眠的好方法，導(dǎo)致慢性失眠的原因目前還是一個(gè)謎。幾乎有1/3的成年人存在睡眠障礙，而且大約10%的人有白天功能減退的癥狀，這些癥狀表明他們確實(shí)患上了失眠癥。但是，一個(gè)由（美）全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所召集的專(zhuān)家小組在周三得出這樣的結(jié)論

46、：盡管（社會(huì)上關(guān)于長(zhǎng)期失眠的）抱怨很多，但科學(xué)家們對(duì)長(zhǎng)期失眠的原因，它對(duì)健康的影響以及如何有效地治療都知之甚少。該專(zhuān)家小組呼吁對(duì)失眠癥進(jìn)行廣泛研究，指出如果科學(xué)家們了解了失眠的潛在原因，他們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更好的治療方法。很多，但不是所有的失眠癥被認(rèn)為伴隨著其他健康問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生，從關(guān)節(jié)炎、抑郁到心血管疾病。而問(wèn)題通常是不知道是先產(chǎn)生失眠，還是失眠是其他疾病的結(jié)果，以及失眠如何又使其他問(wèn)題變得更加復(fù)雜。撇開(kāi)其他疾病不說(shuō)，失眠的可能性隨著年齡的增加而增加，而且在婦女中更加普遍，尤其是50歲以后。吸煙、咖啡因及眾多的處方藥也影響睡眠。（美）全國(guó)衛(wèi)生研究所今年要花大約2000億美元用于睡眠的相關(guān)研究，其中一些以

47、特定的（睡眠）紊亂為目標(biāo)，另外一些觀(guān)察控制睡眠神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的潛在科學(xué)規(guī)律。該機(jī)構(gòu)正等待專(zhuān)家小組的評(píng)論以決定對(duì)失眠進(jìn)行的下一步研究工作。六、聽(tīng)的行為aArecentpollindicatedthathalftheteenagersintheUnitedStatesbelievethatcommunicationbetweenthemandtheirparentsis_1_andfurtherthatoneoftheprimecausesofthisgapis_2_listeningbehavior.As（an）_3_inpoint，oneparentbelievedthatherdaughterha

48、dasevere_4_problem.Shewasso_5_thatshetookhertoanaudiologisttohavehereartested.Theaudiologistcarefullytestedbothearsandreportedbacktotheparent：“Theresnothingwrongwithherhearing.Shesjust_6_youout.”tAleadingcauseofthe_7_divorcerate（morethanhalfofallmarriagesendindivorce）isthefailureofhusbandsandwivesto

49、_8_effectively.Theydonlistentoeachother.Neitherperson_9_totheactualmessagesentbytheother.In_10_fashion，politicalscientistsreportthatagrowingnumberofpeoplebelievethattheirelectedand_11_officialsareoutof_12_withtheconstituentstheyaresupposedly_13_.Why？Becausetheydontbelievethattheylistentothem.Infact，

50、itseemsthatsometimesourpoliticiansdontevenlistentothemselves.Thefollowingisatruestory：Atanational_14_conferenceheldinAlbuquerquesomeyearsago，thenSenatorJosephMontoyawas_15_acopyofapressreleasebyapressaideshortlybeforehegotupbeforetheaudienceto_16_aspeech.Whenherosetospeak，_17_thehorrorofthepressaideandthe_18_ofhisaudience，Montoyabeganreadingthepressrelease，nothisspeech.Hebegan，“Forimmediaterelease.SenatorJosephM.Montoya，DemocratofNewMexico，lastnighttoldtheNational”Montoyareadtheentiresix-pagerelease，_19_withthestatementthathe“wasrepeatedly_20_byapplau