成人高考(專升本)英語

1、成人高考(專升本)英語成人高考(專升本)英語語音部分的考試要求1. 要求考生從所給的四個單詞的畫線部分中選出一個與其他三個讀音不同的選項(xiàng)。2. 語音部分主要考核的是： 元音字母在單詞中的讀音； 輔音字母在單詞中的讀音； 常見字母組合的讀音； 以及r音節(jié)的讀音。復(fù)習(xí)考試大綱要求掌握下列語音規(guī)則，讀音基本正確1、元音字母在重讀開音節(jié)、閉音節(jié)和r音節(jié)中的讀音；2、元音字母在非重讀音節(jié)中的讀音；3、輔音字母在單詞中的讀音；4、常見字母組合的讀音。第一節(jié) 概 念一、開音節(jié) 以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾、以元音字母+不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾、以一個元音字母+一個輔音字母（r除外）+不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的音節(jié)都叫開音節(jié)。 如：no

2、, be, note。發(fā)音的元音字母：a, e, i, o, u二、閉音節(jié) 以一個元音字母+一個或幾個輔音字母(r除外)結(jié)尾的音節(jié)叫閉音節(jié)。 如：map, plan, west。三、r音節(jié) 以元音字母+r構(gòu)成的音節(jié)叫r音節(jié)。 如：car, doctor, teacher, dirty,詞匯與語法40個小題，共40分。 從2002，2003年的考題看，語法占2025分。第一節(jié) 名 詞（null） 大綱要求掌握： 一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 三、名詞的所有格 四、名詞在句子中的作用一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)兩種。 可數(shù)名詞表示某類人或東西中的個體。如table

3、, country。 或表示若干個體組成的集合體。如 family, people, committee, police。 不可數(shù)名詞表示無法分為個體的實(shí)物。如air, tea, furniture, water。 或表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness。有些名詞在一種場合下是可數(shù)名詞,在另一種場合下是不可數(shù)名詞。 如room 房間（可數(shù)），空間（不可數(shù)） time 時間（不可數(shù)），次數(shù)（可數(shù)） fish 魚（不可數(shù)），各種各樣的魚（可數(shù)） 比較下列例句: There are nine rooms in the hou

4、se. （房間，可數(shù)名詞） There isnt enough room for us three in the car . （空間，不可數(shù)名詞）不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量可以通過在其前面加單位詞來表示。 如： 一塊肉 a piece of meat 兩條長面包 two loaves of bread 三件家具 three articles of furniture 一大筆錢 a large sum of money二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：1一般情況下在名詞后加-s。如：girls, books。濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾，s發(fā)z2以s, x , ch, sh結(jié)尾的

5、詞在名詞后加-es。如：glasses, boxes, matches, bushes。以s, x , ch, sh結(jié)尾,es發(fā)iz3輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加-es。如：city-cities, country-countries。4以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)加-es。如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。 radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。5f, fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f，fe為v再加-es。如：thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, kn

6、ife-knives。少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice。可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一般情況下考不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。個別名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式是一樣的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer。三、名詞的所有格名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系， 起形容詞的作用。當(dāng)名詞表示有生命的東西時，所有格一般是在詞尾加 s 。如：Jeans room, my daughter-in-laws friends, my daughters-in-laws friends,

7、 childrens books。如果名詞已經(jīng)有了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s, 則只需加。如：the teachers books, my parents car。時間名詞的所有格在后面加s ，復(fù)數(shù)加 。如：todays newspaper, five minutes walk。 當(dāng)名詞表示無生命的東西時，所有格常由of短語構(gòu)成。 如：the top of the world, the cover of the book, Chinas capital。 加 s 或 的名詞所有格可以表示店鋪或某人的家。 如：the grocers, the tailors, the Smiths 。名詞所有格考試常見部分是名

8、詞表示沒有生命的東西時，不能直接在其后加s。時間名詞所有格在其后加s，或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加。四、名詞在句子中的作用名詞在句子中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語，有時可以作狀語。 名詞、代詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。1主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 All roads lead to Rome.（條條大路通羅馬。） His brother is an industrial engineer. The number of the students attending the party is increasing

9、.the number of 表示數(shù)量，無論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式。Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.two-thirds 三分之二幾分之幾作主語，謂語是單數(shù)形式。belong to 屬于某人Both of us are studying English.總結(jié)：在名詞作主語時，the number of 謂語動詞單數(shù)形式； 幾分之幾，謂語單數(shù)形式； both 謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2、主語是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動名詞詞組、從句時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 All the money he received was given to his m

10、other. Forgetting the past means betrayal. What we are talking now is useless.3主語部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短語，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語前面的名詞一致。 Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school. （as well as her two sisters 作主語Mary的主語補(bǔ)足語，主語 Mary 是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式） No one exc

11、ept my friends knows anything about it.4表示時間、距離、重量、價值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，如果當(dāng)作整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。+()=算式中的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。 Three times two is six. Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作為整體來看）5Either, neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Neither of us has been to Italy. Has either of them been to Shanghai? none代表可數(shù)的人或東西

12、時，謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，代表不可數(shù)的東西時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 None of the students have/has seen the film. None of the money belongs to me.6主語由eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also連接時，謂語形式由最鄰近的主語決定。 Not only you but also I am wrong. Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon. Either you or she is to do the work.7主

13、語中有and，如果表示單一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 The bread and butter is nice.8主語前有many a, more than one修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Many a book has been read by the students.many a book=many books More than one person has been to the Great Wall.9集合名詞作主語，當(dāng)作整體看待時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)作每個獨(dú)立的個體看待時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The committee meets once a year. (作為整體） The

14、 committee are having a meeting now. （作為獨(dú)立個體） People, police作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The police have come to arrest him.名詞部分考試重點(diǎn)1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞里，哪幾個詞是不可數(shù)名詞。2、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式重點(diǎn)掌握不規(guī)則形式，單、復(fù)數(shù)相同的名詞。3、名詞所有格重點(diǎn)掌握時間名詞所有格在其后加s,復(fù)數(shù)加。4、名詞在句中的作用，重點(diǎn)掌握剛才的9點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)測試1Ten days _ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt ne

15、ed any more. A. is B. has been C. was D. had beenten days 作為一個整體看待，謂語用單數(shù)形式。（注意時態(tài)）答案 A2. Now, many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of _ in business letters.A. woman manager B. women manager C. woman managers D. women managersnames 是復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后的名詞肯定是復(fù)數(shù)。兩個名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)

16、，兩個都要變。答案 D3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _ to fifteen. A. have increased B. has increased C. is increased D. are increasingthe number of 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。答案 B4. Neither John nor his father _ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train. A. was B. were C. would be D

17、. have beenneither.nor謂語動詞跟相鄰的主語一致。答案 A5. The room is eight _ long. A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feetsfoot 英尺，復(fù)數(shù)形式 feet答案 C6. When autumn comes, the _ of trees begin to fall. A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leafleaf 的復(fù)數(shù)形式 leaves答案 C7. The flood has done _ to this area. A. damages B. many damages C. m

18、uch damage D. damaging8. Not only the students but also their teacher _ at the meeting. A. was present B. were present C. have been presented D. has been presentednot only. but also 謂語動詞與相鄰名詞一致。present 呈現(xiàn)，介紹答案 A9. One of the things she wrote about _ life on a small farm at the beginning of the centu

19、ry. A. is B. was C. are D. wereone of 謂語用單數(shù)。答案 B10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _ college education. A. receive B. receives C. have received D. have been receivedone out of 謂語用單數(shù)形式。答案 B11. Never before _ so many people been engaged in producing goods just

20、for the comfort of man. A. has B. have C. will D. wouldnever before開頭，句子倒裝。主語so many people為復(fù)數(shù)。engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。答案 B12. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina. A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits主語 a soldier and two young people為復(fù)數(shù)答案 A13. There _

21、 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream. A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone主語 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream復(fù)數(shù)答案 B14. Mr. Brown, and not I , _ chosen to be the representative of the class. A. is B. am C. are D. have been主語 Mr.Brown答案 A15. The teacher, as

22、well as a number of students, _ to attend the party. A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked謂語動詞與as well as前面的名詞一致。答案 C 16. The hostess together with the guests of honor _ comfortably in the living room. A. was seated B. seated C. were seated D. were seating謂語與 together with 前的名詞一致be seated 就坐 Ple

23、ase be seated ladies and gentlmen. Seat the boy next to his brother.答案 A17. The father, rather than the brothers, _ responsible for the accident. A. is B. are C. have been D. has主語 the father ，單數(shù)be responsible for 對負(fù)責(zé)答案 A18. Either Carol or Grace _ to the concert, but one of them has to stay home. A

24、. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. have comeeither.or 謂語動詞與臨近主語一致。答案 A19. The total amount of money _ 100 dollars. A. is B. are C. has D. havemoney 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞單數(shù)。答案 A20. Great quantities of fish _ on high seas. A. is caught B. are caught C. catch D. is catchingquantities 復(fù)數(shù)形式答案 B21. Either o

25、f the young ladies _ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin. A. is B. are C. has D. haveeither打頭，謂語動詞單數(shù)。答案 A22. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions _ correct. A. are B. is C. had D. willneither 兩者都不，謂語動詞單數(shù)。答案 B23. In some countries each of the ci

26、tizens _ to decide government policies. A. helps B. help C. are helped D. is helpedeach 每一個，謂語動詞單數(shù)。答案 A24. The nurse added_ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take. A. some sugar B. some sugars C. a sugar D. sugarssuger 不可數(shù)名詞答案 Atake medcine 吃藥25. I like your furniture very much. Thank

27、 you. We bought _ in Beijing. A. the most of them B. the most of it C. most of them D. most of itfurniture 不可數(shù)名詞答案 D26. Jim was upset last night because he had to do too_. A. many homework B. a few homeworks C. few homeworks D. much homeworkhomework 不可數(shù)名詞答案 D27. Im going away for a _. A. holiday of

28、a week B. week holiday C. holiday week D. weeks holiday表示時間的名詞所有格可以在其后加s 。答案 D第二節(jié) 冠 詞（1-42-2）大綱要求： 1、不定冠詞的基本用法 2、定冠詞的基本用法 3、不加冠詞的基本規(guī)則以及冠詞的習(xí)慣用法冠詞是一種虛詞，只能附著在名詞上幫助說明名詞的含義。 冠詞分為定冠詞（the）和不冠詞（a或an）兩類，定冠詞表示特指，不定冠詞表示泛指。 a用于讀音以輔音開頭的詞前面，an用于讀音以元音開頭的詞前面。 如：a university, a useful book, an umbrella, a horse, an

29、honest man。一、不定冠詞的基本用法1表示一的含義。 Give me a pen please. We go shopping twice a week. 2泛指某個人或東西。 Yesterday we visited an English secondary school. She picked up a magazine and began to read. 3表示一類人或東西。 He works as a language teacher in that university. As a writer, he is successful. Even a child can ans

30、wer this question. 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，泛指用不定冠詞，特指用定冠詞。一個可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)不能自己單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)。二、定冠詞的基本用法1表示特定的人或東西。 Give me the magazine. Have you decided on the prices yet? The book on the table is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China.2復(fù)述前文提到的人或東西。Last week, I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between tw

31、o middle-aged people.The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing.3用于形容詞前面，代表一類人或東西。 the poor 窮人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受傷的人 the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美麗的事物 the old 老年人 the young 年青人4用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西的名詞前面。 the moon, the sun, the e

32、arth The moon moves aroud the earth. We have friends all over the world. Dont build castles in the air.5用于序數(shù)詞、方位名詞、形容詞與副詞的最高級前面，副詞最高級前面的the 可以省略。 January is the first month of the year. The sun rises in the east. Japan lies to the east of China. Beijing lies in the north of China. Ireland lies on th

33、e Great Britain. At the Childrens Palace, some children learn to play the piano, others learn to play the violin. Last week we went to the theatre. Among the three girls she speaks English the best.東、南、西、北作副詞時，前面不加冠詞。 We are walking south. 形容詞最高級前若有物主代詞，就不加定冠詞。 Monday is my busiest day.6用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表

34、示一家人或夫婦倆。 The Lius have moved to Guangzhou. The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.7不可數(shù)名詞前面通常不加定冠詞，但若有限制性定語修飾，或表示特定部分、特定內(nèi)容時，前面需加定冠詞。 Drink some water. Is the water in the well fit for drink? What do you think of the music? He cant take the advice his mother gives him.三、不加冠詞的基本規(guī)則1季節(jié)、月份、日期前一般不加冠詞。

35、 If winter comes can spring be far behind? We have few classes on Sunday. 10.1 is National Day.2表示球類、棋類、三頓飯的名詞前通常不加冠詞，但樂器前需加定冠詞。 What did you have for lunch? Dinner is ready. Lets go and watch them play chess. My elder brother likes to play football. The boys are learnig to play the guitar. play the

36、 piano play the violin3有些固定詞組中的名詞前不加冠詞。 at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morning in the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town in front of (at the back of) at distance (in the distance) as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold冠詞考試重點(diǎn)冠詞所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。 1、什么時候加定冠詞。 2、可數(shù)名

37、詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，必須用a或an或定冠詞修飾，不能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)。 3、什么情況下，不用加冠詞。冠詞易考： 1、冠詞修飾名詞。 Please go _ upstairs after you have finished the lunch. upstairs是副詞，前面不需要加冠詞。2、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)泛指，前面加不定冠詞。an用于讀音以元音開頭的單詞前。 Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English. I have been waiting for him for half an hour.3、名詞特指時，前面加定冠詞。

38、 He is enjoying his stay in Denmark, but has some difficulty with the language. Is the water from the tap fit for drink?4、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞泛指，前面不加冠詞；大部分專有名詞前也不加冠詞。 As we know, the most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends. They left for work after supper. The film includes some recently

39、 discovered newsreels of World War II .(the Sencond World War)5、冠詞在固定詞組中的特定用法。 Without any news from Tom for a long time, his father left for Shanghai to see him. They will travel by air. I will help you for the sake of your sister.(for the sake of 因?yàn)椋?I will go to school on foot. My mother is in ho

40、spital.He has been in prison for two years.典型例題1. _ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _ World War II. A. The; the B. A; the C. The; / D. A; /World War II是專有名詞答案：C2. Can you play _? A. piano B. pianos C. a piano D. the piano答案：D3. Youve been very busy lately. So busy I havent had ti

41、me to clean my house. There is _ wherever you look. A. dust B. a dust C. the dust D. dustsdust 是不可數(shù)名詞答案：A4. The station? Take the second turning _. A. to left then go straight on B. on the left, then go straight on C. to left, then go right forward D. to the left, then go right forwardon the left 在左

42、邊答案：B5. My mother usually has _ bed. A. the breakfast B. breakfast in C. the breakfast in the D. breakfast in thein bed 躺在床上答案：Bin the bed 在床里面6. He stole the money and they put him _. A. at prison B. at the prison C. in prison D. in the prisonin prison 進(jìn)監(jiān)獄答案：C7. Even on Sundays, fewer people go to

43、_ church than before. A. the B. a C. / D. thatgo to church 去教堂 go to school 去學(xué)校 go to bed 上床睡覺 go to college 去大學(xué)答案：C8. _ look much alike. A. Smiths sisters B. Smith sisters C. Two Smith sisters D. The Smith sisters表示一家人，前面加 the答案 D第三節(jié) 代 詞（2-23-3）包括人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞及其用法。一、人稱代詞人稱代詞有第一

44、、第二、第三人稱和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，在句子中可以作主語和賓語。英語中有下列人稱代詞：在并列的主語或賓語中，I或me 通常放在后面。如：Liping and I are in charge of the work.My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow.二、物主代詞物主代詞有形容詞型與名詞型之分。形容詞型物主代詞在句子中作定語，名詞型物主代詞在句子中主要作主語、賓語、表語、定語（接在of 后面）。英語中有下列物主代詞：名詞型的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞型的物主代詞加上上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。如：My bag is yel

45、low, his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown.三、反身代詞英語中有下列反身代詞：反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語、表語、同位語等。如：Please help yourself to some tea.(賓語)The boy is too young to look after himself.(賓語)Ill be myself again in no time.(表語)The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位語)I fixed the door myself. (同位語)四、指示代詞指示代詞包括

46、this, that, these, those 和such, 在句子中可以作主語、定語、表語、賓語等（such不作賓語）。 that和those有時分別用來代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以避免重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來代替。用the one 的時候更多一些。如：These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生產(chǎn)The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 產(chǎn)量The best wine

47、 is that from France.My room is lighter than the one next door.Ill take the seat next to the one by the window.The film is more funny than that one.that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。如：They have no time to read the books. Thats their trouble.She was ill yesterday. Thats why she was absent.I want to know t

48、his: How much money we have left?What I want to say is this: Pronunciation is very important in learning English.this 和that 有時還可以用來表示程度。如：I dont want that much.He is not that wise.The book is about this thick.五.疑問代詞疑問代詞包括what, which, who, whom, whose, 可以用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句。 What, which, who在句子中作主語或賓

49、語，whom作賓語，whose作定語。如：Who is speaking? (主語)Which do you prefer, the yellow one or the white one? (賓語)Whats your sister?(表語)The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.(引導(dǎo)定從句)The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引導(dǎo)定從句)This is the plane which will fly

50、 to Wuhan this afternoon. (引導(dǎo)定從句)I dont remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. (引導(dǎo)賓語從句)疑問代詞what, which, who, whom后面可以加ever來加重語氣。如：Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?誰這么深更半夜來找人？Ill say whatever comes into my head.Take whichever book you like.六.不定代詞不定代詞包括both, either, neither, all,

51、 none, no, one, each, every, few, a few, little, a little, many, much, some, any, other, another, 以及some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。（一）both, either, neither both 表示兩者（都），either表示（兩者之中）任何一個，neither表示（兩者之中）沒有一個。三個詞在句子中都可以作主語、賓語、定語，both還可以作同位語。 My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play.(be good at 擅長做某事) Neither of the