《非謂語動(dòng)詞a》ppt課件

1、動(dòng)詞不定式無人稱和數(shù)的變動(dòng)詞不定式無人稱和數(shù)的變化化, ,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式不定式時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài)語態(tài)自動(dòng)語態(tài)自動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)普通式普通式 to write to write to be to be written written 進(jìn)展式進(jìn)展式 to be to be writing writing 完成式完成式 to have to have written written to have to have been been written written 完成進(jìn)展式完成進(jìn)展式to have been to have been writing writ

2、ing 不定式的句法功能不定式的句法功能主語主語 賓語賓語 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 主要構(gòu)造有兩種： A. 動(dòng)詞+不定式 e.g. I like to help others if I can. B. 疑問詞+不定式 e.g. Have you decided where to go for a picnic?e.g. 1. I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他們把錢還給我。 2. I didnt see you come in. 我沒看見他進(jìn)來。 3. I heard him sing in the next room. 我聽見他在

3、隔壁唱歌。 He was heard to sing in the next room. 有人聽見他在隔壁唱歌。二、動(dòng)名詞二、動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞的方式：動(dòng)名詞的方式：由由“動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài)語態(tài)自動(dòng)語態(tài)自動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)普通式普通式 doingdoingbeing done being done 完成式完成式 having donehaving donehaving having been been done done ( (一一).).動(dòng)名詞的語法方式動(dòng)名詞的語法方式 動(dòng)名詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化動(dòng)名詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化, ,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化態(tài)的變化

4、. .( (二二) )、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能具有名詞的特征具有名詞的特征, ,可充任成分可充任成分: :主語主語 賓語賓語 表語表語 定語定語 1 動(dòng)名詞在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 + doing構(gòu)造中作主語，it為方式主語。例如： e.g. It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters. It is no use talking too much. 2 動(dòng)名詞在“It is useless/ nice/ go

5、od/ interesting/ worthwhile 等描畫詞 + doing構(gòu)造中作主語。例如： It is nice playing chess after supper. 3 動(dòng)名詞在“There is (was) no + doing構(gòu)造中作主語。例如： There is no denying that she is very efficient. 注注: 動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語或表語動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語或表語,沒有太沒有太大區(qū)別。在表示經(jīng)常習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作多用動(dòng)名詞大區(qū)別。在表示經(jīng)常習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作多用動(dòng)名詞; 在在表示詳細(xì)某次動(dòng)作表示詳細(xì)某次動(dòng)作, 特別是未來的動(dòng)作時(shí)特別是未來的動(dòng)

6、作時(shí),多用不多用不定式。定式。Practice(1).如今分詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài)語態(tài)自動(dòng)語態(tài)自動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)普通式普通式 doingdoingbeing done being done 完成式完成式 having donehaving donehaving been having been done done 如今分詞作表語起描畫詞作用,闡明主語的特征及主語所具備的動(dòng)作功能。常譯為使(令) 怎樣。 如: The news is very disappointing. His story is very moving. (Encouraging, inspiring, exciting,

7、interesting.) B. 作使役動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ), 如: have, get, keep , send, leave, catch表示使進(jìn)展/處于(某種形狀) ,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或形狀的繼續(xù)性. Can you keep the clock going? 1)作時(shí)間狀語作時(shí)間狀語, 可以表示三個(gè)時(shí)間概可以表示三個(gè)時(shí)間概念念 A.表示和謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生表示和謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于 “as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句句 Hearing the good news, he jumped up with joy. = As soon as he heard the good

8、news, he = On hearing the good news, he B.謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在分詞動(dòng)作的過程中,表示在做某事期間相當(dāng)于由when/while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = When/While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = When/While walking in the street, I came across C.假設(shè)分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前,分詞就要用完成時(shí)。如:Ha

9、ving done his homework, the boy went out to play.Having written his composition, he began to do his Maths homework. 2)作緣由狀語作緣由狀語,相當(dāng)于由相當(dāng)于由because/as 引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語從句。引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語從句。 A.和謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Being ill, he didnt go to school.=Because/As he was ill, he didnt go Not knowing what to do next, he went to his teac

10、her for advice.= Because/As he didnt know what to do next, he went to B.假設(shè)分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前,分詞就要用完成時(shí)。 Having seen the film many times, he didnt go to see it last night. 3)作條件狀語,相當(dāng)于由 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 (If) Using your head, you will find a way. =If you use your head, you will find 4)作退讓狀語作退讓狀語,相當(dāng)于由相當(dāng)于由 althou

11、gh/though 引導(dǎo)的退讓狀語從句引導(dǎo)的退讓狀語從句 Although/Though getting up early, he was late for the meeting. = Although/Though he got up early, he was late for the meeting. 5)作伴隨狀語作伴隨狀語(方式狀語方式狀語),表示同謂語的動(dòng)表示同謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生作同時(shí)發(fā)生,相當(dāng)于由并列連詞銜接的兩個(gè)相當(dāng)于由并列連詞銜接的兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)作。并列動(dòng)作。 They sat there on the stone, talking with each other. =They

12、 sat there on the stone and talked with each other. 留意留意:只需如今分詞的普通式才可作伴隨狀只需如今分詞的普通式才可作伴隨狀語語,且常放于主句后。且常放于主句后。 6)作結(jié)果狀語,如今分詞的動(dòng)作同謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。 The mother died, leaving five children behind. They fired at the enemy, killing two.Practice(1).過去分詞的語法方式1.過去分詞作表語 留意:被動(dòng)構(gòu)造與系表構(gòu)造的區(qū)別 這兩種構(gòu)造方式都是be+過去分詞。 這兩種構(gòu)造的主要區(qū)別是

13、:被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,而系表構(gòu)造表示的是主語的特點(diǎn)或形狀。The cup was broken by my little brother.(被動(dòng)構(gòu)造)The cup is broken.(系表構(gòu)造)2.過去分詞作定語 B.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語只表示不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語只表示動(dòng)作的完成。與它所修飾的名詞沒有被動(dòng)作的完成。與它所修飾的名詞沒有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。動(dòng)關(guān)系。 fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen a retired worker=a worker who has retired the risen sun=the sun that has

14、risen C.有些表示心思活動(dòng)的過去分詞作定語,外表是修飾它后面的名詞,但本質(zhì)是闡明當(dāng)事者的心思形狀。所以過去分詞與它所修飾的名詞沒有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 The surprised look showed that he hadnt expected this. = (He was surprised and his look showed his surprise) The fathers loud voice made a frightened look appear on his daughters face. (The fathers daughter was frightened and

15、her face showed her fright.)3. 過去分詞作賓補(bǔ) 過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),過去分詞和賓語的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,闡明賓語的形狀,表示動(dòng)作的完成。常用來 作感官動(dòng)詞,如: see, look at ,watch, notice, find, observe, listen to, hear, smell taste, feel 和使役動(dòng)詞如: have, get, keep , send, leave, catch的賓補(bǔ) When I walked home, I saw a man caught by the police. As soon as he returned home

16、, he found his house broken into. He kept himself covered with a blanket. 1)做時(shí)間或條件狀語,通常放在句首。 Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks even more beautiful. =If the town is seen from the top of the hill, the town = When the town is seen from the top of the hill, the town 2) 作緣由狀語 Deeply moved by

17、the story, the children began to cry. =As/Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children. 3)作退讓狀語 Seriously wounded, he still kept on fighting. =Although/Though he was seriously wounded, he still kept. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. 條件狀語 A. Given B. To give C. Giving

18、D. Having given.2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century定語 A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. writtenPractice 高考點(diǎn)擊 3. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.緣由 A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 4.

19、The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.條件 begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 一、分析句子構(gòu)造一、分析句子構(gòu)造 解題步驟解題步驟1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. To be told C. He was told D. Though he was told分析：用連詞分析：用連詞but 引導(dǎo)并列句子，引導(dǎo)并列句子，

20、因此，前面也是個(gè)獨(dú)立句子，應(yīng)選因此，前面也是個(gè)獨(dú)立句子，應(yīng)選C。2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. To be told C. He was told D. Though he was told分析：句中用逗號(hào)隔開，且無連詞引導(dǎo)，分析：句中用逗號(hào)隔開，且無連詞引導(dǎo)，因此，前面不是句子構(gòu)造，只是句子的一因此，前面不是句子構(gòu)造，只是句子的一個(gè)成分，應(yīng)選個(gè)成分，應(yīng)選A，用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。，用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語。二、分析邏輯主語二、分析邏輯主語非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作

21、謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。假設(shè)輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。假設(shè)不一致，那么須加上本人的邏輯主語。不一致，那么須加上本人的邏輯主語。1. _no buses , we have to walk home .2. _Sunday , I shall have a quiet day at home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being 分析：句分析：句1. 表示表示“沒有公共汽車，沒有公共汽車，運(yùn)用運(yùn)用“there be構(gòu)造，即邏輯主語是構(gòu)造，即邏輯主語是“the buses，應(yīng)選，應(yīng)選A 。句句2. 同理選同理選D。三、分析語態(tài)三、分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語在搭配運(yùn)用時(shí)是自非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語在搭配運(yùn)用時(shí)是自動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1. _from space , the