高考英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣(23張ppt)

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣高三語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)高三語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)Subjunctive Mood 1.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣，英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣， 陳述語(yǔ)氣，陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣。2.2. 定義：用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話定義：用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)不是事實(shí)，或者是或者是不可能發(fā)生不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小可能性比較小的的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣定義一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣定義一、非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣二、賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣二、賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣三、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣三、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣四、表語(yǔ)從句

2、、同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣四、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣五、幾種特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣五、幾種特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、非真實(shí)條件句一、非真實(shí)條件句所表的假設(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)嵥淼募僭O(shè)則是不可能或不大可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，現(xiàn)的， 句中的句中的條件從句條件從句與與結(jié)果主句結(jié)果主句皆用皆用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if條件從句的謂語(yǔ)形式條件從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反反If 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)did（be用用were）主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)should/would/could/might do與與過(guò)去過(guò)去事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反反If 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)had +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)should/wo

3、uld/could/might have done與與將來(lái)將來(lái)事實(shí)相事實(shí)相反反If 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)did（be用用were） should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 were to動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)should/would/could/might do考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1. I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. am will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go2. If my lawyer _ here last Sat

4、urday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, askBAC注意注意1、陳述語(yǔ)氣與虛擬語(yǔ)氣、陳述語(yǔ)氣與虛擬語(yǔ)氣典型例題典型例題1) The vol

5、leyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained2) - Would you have called her up _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. had it been wasB. if it was were C. if it had been had been D. if it were would beB該句為陳述語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)橹骶溆玫氖窃摼錇殛愂稣Z(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)橹骶溆玫氖?will be put off。

6、真實(shí)。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代將來(lái)時(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代將來(lái)時(shí)。問句中用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句用問句中用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句用 would have called, 從句從句中與過(guò)去相反的動(dòng)詞形式為中與過(guò)去相反的動(dòng)詞形式為 had done；答句中表示的是；答句中表示的是真實(shí)的情況，所以該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。真實(shí)的情況，所以該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。A 注意2.虛擬倒裝虛擬倒裝句句1.Were it (=If it were) not for their help,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.2.Had I (=If I had

7、) known about it,I would have told you.3.Should anyone (=If anyone should )call, please take a message.What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? (01 上海上海)A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked fartherC 注意注意3.錯(cuò)綜條件句錯(cuò)綜條件句 (主從句描述的時(shí)間不一致

8、）主從句描述的時(shí)間不一致）If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A. asked would knowB. had asked would have knownC. asked him knowD. had asked would knowDIf you _ (not buy) the ticket last week, how _ you go now? If I _ (be) you, I _(take) his advice then.hadnt boughtwere would have takenwould 注意注意4. 含蓄虛擬

9、條件句含蓄虛擬條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他代替條件句。引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過(guò)其他代替條件句。I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .But for your help, I would not have succeeded.Wit

10、hout you help, I wouldnt have achieved so much.I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken D2.Without your help, we _ such rapid progress.A. couldnt make B. wouldnt makeC. will not have made D. wouldnt have made3.Jack _ yet, otherwi

11、se he would have phoned me. A. mustnt have arrivedB. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrivedDC二、賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣二、賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.“wish +賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句” “if only +句子句子”用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中, 表不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望表不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 wish +賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句1一般過(guò)去式一般過(guò)去式 （表（表“現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)的假設(shè)”)2. would/could do (表表“將來(lái)將來(lái)的假設(shè)的假設(shè)”)3. had done 或

12、或would/could have done （表（表“過(guò)去過(guò)去的假設(shè)的假設(shè)”)werehad studiedwould rainI wish I_ (be) as tall as you.I wish I _ (study) harder before.I wish it (rain) tomorrow If only +從句從句!=How I wish+從句從句! 要是就好了要是就好了1).Ifonlyhecould come!(他要能來(lái)就好了)=HowIwishhecouldcome!2).IfonlyIhad knowntheanswer!(我要早知答案就好了.)=HowIwishIh

13、adknowntheanswer!比較比較if only與與only if （只有）只有）I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了，我才會(huì)醒。If only the alarm clock had rung. Ifonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlieC (lie 躺，躺，lay, lain)2. 在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用should+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形

14、式。的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式?！皊hould”可以省略?？梢允÷浴３Ｒ姷膭?dòng)詞有常見的動(dòng)詞有:一個(gè)堅(jiān)持一個(gè)堅(jiān)持insist; 兩個(gè)命令兩個(gè)命令order, command ; 三條建議三條建議suggest , advise, propose;四項(xiàng)要求四項(xiàng)要求demand, request, require, desire; 注意注意: suggest表表 暗示表明暗示表明 時(shí)時(shí) insist表表堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)持說(shuō)時(shí)不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themsel

15、ves. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once.考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1.I went to bed early last night,but I wish I so.A. didnt do B. hadnt done C.havent done D. couldnt do 2.How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A.has B.had C.will had D.had had 3. The teacher orde

16、red that students_. A. mustnt smoke B. not smoke C. smoked D. had smoked4.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. finish C. should finish D. be finished BBBD三、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣三、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣基本句型：基本句型： 1. It be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+that+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+過(guò)去分詞：suggested, requested, ordered, pr

17、oposedIt is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.2. It be+形容詞形容詞+that+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+形容詞:important, necessary, natural, right,proper, funny, strange, surprising It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.Its important that we (shou

18、ld) take good care of the patient.3. It be+名詞（名詞（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3.It was o

19、rdered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowedDBB四、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣四、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ,decision等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形。My suggestion is that we (shou

20、ld) leave at once.1)表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句:2)同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句:I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C.help D.had helped3.My s

21、uggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sentACA謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1. did （表現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）（表現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)）2.had done （表過(guò)去的假設(shè)）（表過(guò)去的假設(shè)）3.would/might/could done（表將來(lái)的假設(shè)）（表將來(lái)的假設(shè)） 五五 幾種特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣幾種特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的從句中引導(dǎo)的從句中1)People treat me as if I _a supe

22、rstar. (be)2)He looked at me as though I _ something. (steal)werehadstolen2.用在用在lest（以免）（以免）, for fear that （以免）（以免）和和in case引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形1.She closed the windows lest she _cold.（感冒）2. He took his raincoat with him for fear that_ (下雨）3. Heres some money in case you should need it.catchit rain考題點(diǎn)擊：考題點(diǎn)擊：1. We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.had kno