Unit_6---涉外合同翻譯translating contract

1、1Translating Business Contract2Knowledge ObjectiveKnowledge Objective： 1. 了解合同、商務(wù)合同的定義、分類及主要構(gòu)成要素。2. 認(rèn)識(shí)并掌握商務(wù)合同的語言特點(diǎn)和翻譯技巧。 Capacity ObjectiveCapacity Objective： 1. 能夠正確翻譯商務(wù)合同中的常用術(shù)語和句式。2. 能夠翻譯英文商務(wù)合同、協(xié)議書、確認(rèn)書、備忘錄等常見合同文本。 3warm-up: Translate the following sentenceswarm-up: Translate the following sentence

2、sUnless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer. In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail. 4Unless it is le

3、gally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and complete the works and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer. physically 物質(zhì)地，自然地，（法）外界條件 除法律或外界條件不允許的情況外，承包商應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格按照合同施工和竣工，并改正工作中的任何缺陷，以達(dá)到工程師滿意的程度。 5 2. In case of any dive

4、rgence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail. divergence of interpretation解釋上的分歧 如在解釋上遇到分歧，應(yīng)以英文本為準(zhǔn)如在解釋上遇到分歧，應(yīng)以英文本為準(zhǔn)。 Note：“解釋”可以譯為construction, exposition, explanation, etc.但是針對(duì)法律條文的“解釋”應(yīng)譯為interpretation. 由此體現(xiàn)合同用詞的準(zhǔn)確性。6Warm-up: Find out any improper parts in the Warm-up: Find out any imp

5、roper parts in the following rendering of the sentence. following rendering of the sentence. 本開發(fā)區(qū)內(nèi)外商投資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的出口產(chǎn)品，除國(guó)家另有規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品外，可免征關(guān)稅。 Exports products manufactured by foreign invested enterprises in the Development Zone, except those under other existing regulations by the State, shall be exempted from

6、 Customs duty. Exports本身就本身就有有“出口產(chǎn)品出口產(chǎn)品”的意思的意思語義重復(fù)，語義重復(fù)，可以用可以用duty-free代替代替太啰嗦了?？商珕铝?。可以用以用unless otherwise regulated代替代替7本開發(fā)區(qū)內(nèi)外商投資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的出口產(chǎn)本開發(fā)區(qū)內(nèi)外商投資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的出口產(chǎn)品，除國(guó)家另有規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品外，可免征品，除國(guó)家另有規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品外，可免征關(guān)稅。關(guān)稅。Revised Exports manufactured by foreign-invested enterprises in the Development Zone are duty-free, unle

7、ss otherwise regulated by the State. 8 A contract in this Law refers to an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing, that is，between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations.合同是平等主體的自然人、法人、其他組織之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系

8、的協(xié)議。 -中華人民共和國(guó)合同法第二條 9What is business contract? Business contract refers to rules and regulations in legal forms as per all parties involved to ensure duties and obligations while on business. 商務(wù)合同是指有關(guān)各方之間在進(jìn)行某種商務(wù)合作時(shí)，為了確定各自的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，而正式依法訂立的、并且經(jīng)過公證的、必須共同遵守的協(xié)議條文。 10Classification of business contractsCla

9、ssification of business contractsSales/ Purchase confirmation 購銷合同Contract of Credits Loans 信貸合同Contract for Leasing Affairs 租賃合同Contract of Cooperation 協(xié)作合同Contract for Processing Trade 加工合同11Construction Contract 基建合同Insurance Contract 保險(xiǎn)合同Contract for International Transportation 國(guó)際運(yùn)輸合同Contract f

10、or BOT（Build-Operate-Transfer） 國(guó)際投資合同12Contract for Technology Transfer 技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓合同Contract for International Engineering Projects 國(guó)際工程承包合同Employment Contract 聘請(qǐng)雇員合同Contract for Different Trade Forms 多種貿(mào)易方式相結(jié)合合同13Foreign business contracts Foreign business contracts 涉外商務(wù)合同涉外商務(wù)合同涉外商務(wù)合同 -具有涉外因素的商務(wù)合同。 涉外因素包

11、括：合同主體的一方或雙方是外國(guó)自然人或法人，或無國(guó)籍人；合同標(biāo)的是位于外國(guó)的物、財(cái)產(chǎn)或需要在外國(guó)完成的行為；合同權(quán)利義務(wù)內(nèi)容據(jù)以產(chǎn)生的法律事實(shí)發(fā)生在外國(guó)。14Categories of business contracts: various contracts: 涉外商務(wù)合同按繁簡(jiǎn)不同，可以采取不同的涉外商務(wù)合同按繁簡(jiǎn)不同，可以采取不同的書面形式書面形式正式合同 （Contract）協(xié)議書 （Agreement）確認(rèn)書 （Confirmation）備忘錄 （Memorandum）訂單 （Order）,etc15Contract and agreementContract and agreeme

12、ntContract is a legally binding agreement 合同就是有法律約束力的協(xié)議 -L.B Curzon A Dictionary of Law16Contents in a business contractContents in a business contractTitle & Preamble合同名稱合同名稱& 前文前文/前言前言Body 合同正文合同正文Witness Clause 結(jié)尾結(jié)尾/證明條款證明條款17title title & Preamble1)訂約日期和地點(diǎn)訂約日期和地點(diǎn) （Date and Place of Signing）2) 合同

13、當(dāng)事人及其國(guó)籍、主要營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所或住所合同當(dāng)事人及其國(guó)籍、主要營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所或住所 （Signing Parties and Their Nationalities, Principal Place of Business or Residence Addresses）183) 當(dāng)事人合法依據(jù)當(dāng)事人合法依據(jù) （Each Partys Authority 如該公司是 “按當(dāng)?shù)胤烧浇M織而存在的” A Corporation Duly Organized and Existing Under the Laws of XXX）4)訂約緣由訂約緣由/說明條款說明條款（Recitals or Whereas C

14、lause）19包括定義條款、基本條款和一般條款 定義條款（Definition Clause） -對(duì)合同中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵名詞術(shù)語進(jìn)行明確定義，給出明確解釋。Common expressions: 本辦法所稱的證券是指The securities termed herein refer toBody本文本文20基本條款（基本條款（Basic Conditions）：）： 1. Name and address 當(dāng)事人的名稱或者姓名和住所2. 標(biāo)的標(biāo)的 Mark-合同的客體，即當(dāng)事人權(quán)利義務(wù)共同指向的對(duì)象。合同標(biāo)的可以是貨物，也可以是勞務(wù)，還可以是技術(shù)成果或工程項(xiàng)目等，但法律禁止的行為與禁止轉(zhuǎn)讓

15、的物不得作為合同標(biāo)的3. Quality and quantity 數(shù)量與質(zhì)量數(shù)量與質(zhì)量4. Price or remuneration 價(jià)款或酬金價(jià)款或酬金214. The time, place and performance 履行的期限、地點(diǎn)和方式履行期限，是指享有權(quán)利的一方要求對(duì)方履行義務(wù)的時(shí)間履行地點(diǎn)，是指合同當(dāng)事人履行和接受履行合同義務(wù)的地方；履行方式，是指當(dāng)事人履行義務(wù)所采用的方法。225. 5. Responsibility of breach of contractResponsibility of breach of contract 違約責(zé)任違約責(zé)任 違約責(zé)任是指合同當(dāng)事

16、人因違違約責(zé)任是指合同當(dāng)事人因違反合同義務(wù)所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的法律責(zé)任。設(shè)反合同義務(wù)所應(yīng)承擔(dān)的法律責(zé)任。設(shè)定違約責(zé)任條款，有助于督促當(dāng)事人定違約責(zé)任條款，有助于督促當(dāng)事人自覺履行合同義務(wù)，但違約條款的有自覺履行合同義務(wù)，但違約條款的有無，一般并不影響合同的有效成立無，一般并不影響合同的有效成立236. 6. Settlement for dispute Settlement for dispute 解決爭(zhēng)議的辦法解決爭(zhēng)議的辦法 當(dāng)事人可在合同中約定發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí)所當(dāng)事人可在合同中約定發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議時(shí)所采用的解決辦法，如仲裁、訴訟等。采用的解決辦法，如仲裁、訴訟等。此外，當(dāng)事人認(rèn)為必須在合同中明確此外，當(dāng)事人認(rèn)為必

17、須在合同中明確的其他內(nèi)容，也是合同的基本條款。的其他內(nèi)容，也是合同的基本條款。24 一般條款（一般條款（General Terms and Conditions）：）：合同有效期（Duration） 合同的終止（Termination）不可抗力（Force Majeure）合同的讓與（Assignment） 25仲裁（Arbitration）適用的法律（Governing Law）訴訟管轄（Jurisdiction）通知手續(xù)（Notice）合同修改（Amendment）其他（Others）26“ “根據(jù)根據(jù)”條文的表達(dá)條文的表達(dá)按照（法律 /依據(jù)）訂立本合同。The following con

18、tract is formulated according toThe rules are formulated pursuant to The agreement is formulated on the basis of27訂立合同訂立合同“目的目的”的表達(dá)方法的表達(dá)方法With the view to improving the present contract is formulated. The present Procedures are made out in the view to strengthenThis Law is formulated in order to pro

19、tect 28“ “實(shí)施實(shí)施”的表達(dá)方式的表達(dá)方式本細(xì)則自2010年5月12日起施行。These rules go into effect/ force on May 12, 2010. 本辦法自發(fā)布之日起施行。The present29“ “例外例外”的表達(dá)方式的表達(dá)方式 合營(yíng)企業(yè)可以按不超過營(yíng)業(yè)額5%的比例繳納土地使用費(fèi)，但需經(jīng)過市土地局核定。 Joint ventures may also, subject to approval by the Land Bureau, pay land use fee at a rate of not more than 5 percent of th

20、eir turnover. 30結(jié)尾結(jié)尾/ /證明條款（證明條款（Witness ClauseWitness Clause）份數(shù) (copies)使用的文字和效力（Concluding Sentence）簽名（Signature）合同的附件 Appendices (包括圖表、擔(dān)保書、相關(guān)協(xié)議等)31 CONTRACTCONTRACT NO. SIGNING DATE/PLACE THE BUYER： Name Legal Address Contact THE SELLER： Name Legal Address Title Title 合同名稱合同名稱 32Contract This con

21、tract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller. Whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions. 買賣雙方經(jīng)協(xié)商，簽署本合同。根據(jù)合同條款規(guī)定，買方同意購買，賣方同意出售下列貨物。Preamble合同前言合同前言 33NAME OF COMMODITY AND SCOPE OF THE CONTRACT 貨物名稱及合同適用范

22、圍2. PRICE 3. PAYMENT 4. PACKING Body合同正文合同正文 34IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this contract has been executed effective as of the date first above written.雙方證明，合同自簽署之日起生效。THE BUYER THE SELLER _ _ By：_ By：_ Date：_ Date：_ THE END USER _ By： _ Date：witness clause 證明條款證明條款 35Word bankWord bankminute of talks 會(huì)議紀(jì)要會(huì)

23、議紀(jì)要validity clauses of contracts 合同生效條款合同生效條款definition and whereas 定義及鑒于條款定義及鑒于條款 assignment and guaranty of contracts 合同轉(zhuǎn)讓與擔(dān)保條款合同轉(zhuǎn)讓與擔(dān)保條款36rescission and termination of contracts 合同的解除與終止條款default and escape 違約與免責(zé)條款arbitration and jurisdiction 仲裁與法律條款international conventions and practice 國(guó)際慣例37Fea

24、tures of Language in Business Features of Language in Business ContractContract1. rich in terminology We have covered the goods against the risk of breakage, TPND, etc. 我方給貨物投保破損險(xiǎn)與盜竊及提貨不著險(xiǎn)。 (TPND-Theft, Pilferage and Non-Delivery 盜竊及提貨不著險(xiǎn)) 382. rich in legal words2. rich in legal words 商務(wù)合同屬于法律文書，為表

25、現(xiàn)其權(quán)威性和商務(wù)合同屬于法律文書，為表現(xiàn)其權(quán)威性和嚴(yán)肅性，多使用正式、莊重的法律詞語。嚴(yán)肅性，多使用正式、莊重的法律詞語。 Contracts shall be concluded in accordance with the principle of equality and mutual benefit and of achieving agreement through consultation. 合同應(yīng)在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上簽訂，并且協(xié)議各方一致同意各條款。 該句中的in accordance with 為法律合同常用詞語，比according to 正式。 393. rich in ol

26、d-used words3. rich in old-used wordsHereafter 自此，今后 hereby 特此/茲此Herein 此中，于此 hereinafter 在下文Hereof 在本文中 thereto 另外，隨附Thereof 其中，它的 whereas 鑒于Whereby 憑借 whereupon 因此，于是 404. rich in parallel structure4. rich in parallel structure 在英語商務(wù)合同中，為了表達(dá)的嚴(yán)密性，通常將眾多并列成分如單詞、短語、從句等平行排列，組成對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)，使表達(dá)的思想脈絡(luò)分明，層次清晰。最常見的對(duì)

27、等結(jié)構(gòu)是由and或by連接的并列成分。 41 A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. 銷售合同無需以書面訂立或書面證明，在形式方面也不受任何其他條件的限制。 本句中，concluded in，evidenced by，subject to構(gòu)成對(duì)等結(jié)構(gòu)，增強(qiáng)了句子的平等感，使表達(dá)更加嚴(yán)密。425. rich in special patterns5. rich in special patt

28、erns 英語商務(wù)合同中大量使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、倒裝句、省略句、條件句、介詞（短語）、插入語等法律和商務(wù)文書類常用句型。 43 In case the contract is concluded on CIF basis, the insurance shall be effected by the Seller for 110% of invoice value covering all risks, war risk, S.R.C.C. risks (i.e. Strikes, Riot, and Civil Commotions). 在到岸價(jià)基礎(chǔ)上訂立的合同，將由賣方在到

29、岸價(jià)基礎(chǔ)上訂立的合同，將由賣方按發(fā)票金額的按發(fā)票金額的110%投保綜合險(xiǎn)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)、投保綜合險(xiǎn)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)、罷工險(xiǎn)、暴亂險(xiǎn)和民變險(xiǎn)。罷工險(xiǎn)、暴亂險(xiǎn)和民變險(xiǎn)。 本句是有關(guān)合同保險(xiǎn)條款的內(nèi)容，其中用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)（is concluded，shall be effected）、非謂語動(dòng)詞（covering all risks.)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(shall)，另外還用了“in case”引導(dǎo)的條件句。4445Translating special terms in contractsTranslating special terms in contracts 合同英語的用詞極其考究，翻譯成漢語時(shí)往往具有約定俗成的

30、漢語表達(dá)方式，通常需要注意以下幾個(gè)方面的情況： （1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may、shall、must、may not（或shall not）的翻譯（2）法律合同用副詞的翻譯 （3）同義詞的翻譯46情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞maymay、shallshall、mustmust、may notmay not（或（或shall notshall not）的翻譯）的翻譯may 旨在約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利（可以做什么）shall 約定當(dāng)事人的義務(wù)（應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么）must 用于強(qiáng)制性義務(wù)（必須做什么）may not /shall not 用于禁止性義務(wù)（不得做什么） 47The parties hereto shall, first

31、 of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contact by friendly negotiations. 雙方首先應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商，解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭(zhēng)議。48 Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the Peoples Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration

32、 clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs. 如果協(xié)商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或如果協(xié)商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達(dá)成一致的，可將爭(zhēng)議提爭(zhēng)議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達(dá)成一致的，可將爭(zhēng)議提交有管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。交有管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。 本句中的should 和may表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。出現(xiàn)爭(zhēng)議后應(yīng)當(dāng)先行協(xié)商，所以采用了義務(wù)性“約定”；如果協(xié)商解決不了，作為當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利，用選擇性約定may也很妥當(dāng)。49Synonyms Synonyms 同義詞

33、的翻譯同義詞的翻譯 英語商務(wù)合同中，常把幾個(gè)同義詞并列使用，以避免合同雙方當(dāng)事人按自己的意圖來理解合同條文從而導(dǎo)致歧義。翻譯時(shí)，應(yīng)取這幾個(gè)同義詞的共義，以保證內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確，維護(hù)法律文件的嚴(yán)肅性。50Synonyms Synonyms terms and conditions （條款）made and sign （簽訂）force and effect （效力）all and any （所有）each and every （每一個(gè)）51approve and accept （同意接受）by and between （與）fulfill and perform （履行）save and except

34、（除了）final and conclusive （最終）52Translating patterns in contractsTranslating patterns in contracts 英語商務(wù)合同中，有些句式是幾乎每一份合同都要用到的，這些句式的翻譯也往往是約定俗成的。翻譯者若善于積累，學(xué)會(huì)套用，將會(huì)收到事半功倍的效果。53Common patternsCommon patterns The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally

35、 authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text. 本合同用英文和中文兩種文字寫成，一式四份。雙方執(zhí)英文本和中文本各一式兩份，兩種文字具有同等效力。54 This contract is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties on Dec. 9, 2009. After signing the contract, both parties shall apply to their respective Government Authorities

36、 for ratification. The date of ratification last obtained shall be taken as the effective date of the contract. Both parties shall exert their utmost efforts to obtain the ratification within 60 days and shall advise the other party by telex and thereafter send a registered letter for confirmation.

37、55This contract is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties on Dec. 9, 2009. 本合同由雙方代表于2009年12月9日簽訂。56After signing the contract, both parties shall apply to their respective Government Authorities for ratification. 合同簽訂后，由各方分別向本國(guó)政府當(dāng)局申請(qǐng)批準(zhǔn)，57The date of ratification last obtained shall

38、 be taken as the effective date of the contract. 以最后一方的批準(zhǔn)日期為本合同的生效日期，58Both parties shall exert their utmost efforts to obtain the ratification within 60 days and shall advise the other party by telex and thereafter send a registered letter for confirmation.雙方應(yīng)力爭(zhēng)在60天內(nèi)獲得批準(zhǔn)，用電傳通知對(duì)方，并用掛號(hào)信件確認(rèn)。59 The con

39、tract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date of the contract, on the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatically become null and void. 本合同有效期從合同生效之日起共10年，有效期滿后，本合同自動(dòng)失效。60The outstanding claims and liabilities existing between both parties on the expiry of t

40、he validity of the contract shall not be influenced by the expiration of this contract. The debtor shall be kept liable until the debtor fully pays up his debts to the creditor. 本合同期限屆滿時(shí)，雙方發(fā)生的未了債權(quán)和債務(wù)不受合同期滿的影響，債務(wù)人應(yīng)向債權(quán)人繼續(xù)償付未了債務(wù)。61Any clause, covenant or agreement in a contract of carriage relieving th

41、e carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage to, or in connection with, goods arising from negligence, fault or failure in duties and obligations provided in this article or lessening such liability otherwise than provided in these rules shall be null and void and no effect. 運(yùn)輸契約中任何條款、約定或

42、協(xié)議，凡解除承運(yùn)人或船舶由于疏忽、過失或未履行本條款規(guī)定的責(zé)任和義務(wù)，而引起貨物或關(guān)于貨物的丟失或損害責(zé)任的，或在本公約外減輕這種責(zé)任的，都應(yīng)作廢或無效。62另外，一些英語商務(wù)合同中常用短語的漢譯也另外，一些英語商務(wù)合同中常用短語的漢譯也比較固定，翻譯時(shí)可套用。比較固定，翻譯時(shí)可套用。 hereinafter referred to as 以下稱 whereas 鑒于 in witness whereof 茲證明 for and on behalf of 代表 by virtue of 因?yàn)?prior to 在之前 as regards/concerning/relating to 關(guān)于 c

43、ease to do 停止做 in effect 事實(shí)上 miscellaneous 其他事項(xiàng)63Criteria of translationCriteria of translation外貿(mào)合同是法律文件，屬于莊重文體。因此外貿(mào)合同的翻譯應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、規(guī)范通順的翻譯原則 用詞準(zhǔn)確 術(shù)語統(tǒng)一 格式完整64Read the following sentence and its version. Can you find anything wrong/ improper? By irrevocable Letter of Credit available by Sellers documen

44、tary bill at sight to be valid for negotiation in China until 15 days after date of shipment, the Letter of Credit must reach the Sellers 30 days before the contracted month of shipment. 以不可取消的信用證，憑賣方即期付有的票據(jù)協(xié)商，有效期應(yīng)為裝運(yùn)期15天后在中國(guó)到期，該信用證必須于合同規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)月份前30天到達(dá)賣方。不可撤銷信用證不可撤銷信用證 譯為譯為“即期付有單據(jù)的票即期付有單據(jù)的票據(jù)據(jù)”，概念不清，票據(jù)

45、概，概念不清，票據(jù)概念廣泛，包括匯票、本票、念廣泛，包括匯票、本票、支票等，在外貿(mào)合同支付支票等，在外貿(mào)合同支付條款中的票據(jù)應(yīng)該為條款中的票據(jù)應(yīng)該為“匯匯票票”，應(yīng)譯為，應(yīng)譯為“跟單匯票跟單匯票”應(yīng)為應(yīng)為“議付議付”裝運(yùn)期裝運(yùn)期后后15天天65 By irrevocable Letter of Credit available by Sellers documentary bill at sight to be valid for negotiation in China until 15 days after date of shipment, the Letter of Credit mu

46、st reach the Sellers 30 days before the contracted month of shipment.Revised: 以不可撤銷的信用證，憑賣方即期跟單匯票議付，有效期應(yīng)為裝運(yùn)期后15天在中國(guó)到期。該信用證必須于合同規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)月份前30天到達(dá)賣方。 66Read the following sentence and its version. Can Read the following sentence and its version. Can you find anything wrong/ improper?you find anything wron

47、g/ improper? The balance should be settled upon the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.余款在貨物到達(dá)目的港后結(jié)算。Note：翻譯合同必須嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)準(zhǔn)確，原文中upon含有“后一個(gè)動(dòng)作將在前一個(gè)動(dòng)作之后隨即或馬上發(fā)生”之意，必須翻譯出來，因此譯文存在漏洞，容易被不法商人利用。Revised: 余款應(yīng)在貨物貨物到達(dá)目的港后即行支付。67Read the following sentence and its version. Can Read the following sentence an

48、d its version. Can you find anything wrong/ improper?you find anything wrong/ improper?Total value: US$5,400,000.00 (Say: US Dollars FIVE MILLION FOUR HUNDRED THOUSAND only)總價(jià)：5，400，000.00美元Note: 翻譯必須忠實(shí)于原文，不能隨意去掉大寫部分，專業(yè)性和嚴(yán)密性必須要注意。Revised: 總價(jià): 5，400，000.00美元(大寫：伍佰肆拾萬美元）68The carriers responsibility f

49、or the cargo ceases immediately when the cargo leaves the ships tackle and thereafter all risks and expenses involved are the responsibility of the cargo. 當(dāng)貨物離開輪船掛鉤時(shí)，運(yùn)送者的責(zé)任立即終止，此后的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用均和貨物本身相關(guān)。Note: 原文中三個(gè)“cargo”意思不盡相同，第三個(gè)cargo用來修飾responsibility,句子的主語是risks and expenses,根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)該理解成“貨主”。Read the fol

50、lowing sentence and its version. Can Read the following sentence and its version. Can you find anything wrong/ improper?you find anything wrong/ improper?69The carriers responsibility for the cargo ceases immediately when the cargo leaves the ships tackle and thereafter all risks and expenses involv

51、ed are the responsibility of the cargo.當(dāng)貨物離開輪船掛鉤時(shí)，承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任即行終止，此后一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用均由貨主負(fù)責(zé)。70 新公司應(yīng)建立經(jīng)營(yíng)管理機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)企業(yè)的日常管理工作。 The new company shall establish a management office which shall be responsible for its daily management. Main problem: 行文拖拉、有失簡(jiǎn)約Revised: The new company shall establish an office for its daily go

52、vernance. 71Translate the followingTranslate the followingAPPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT FULL-TIME SENIOR CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATOR AN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made the 1st day of September, 2006 between Company A of Beijing, China （address）（hereinafter referred to as “the Company”） as one part and Mr. Smith of

53、London, the UK（address）（hereinafter referred to as the Contractor）of the other part. WHEREBY IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED AS FOLLOWS： 1. THAT the Company shall 2. This agreement shall commence on 72IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both parties set their hands on the date herein mentioned SIGNED BY (Name)： Designati

54、on ： For and on behalf of ：（signature） Contractor ： Designation ： For and on behalf of ：（signature）73 APPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT FULL-TIME SENIOR CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATOR 簽約全職高級(jí)關(guān)稅管理員任命書 AN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made at the 1st day of September, 2006 between Company A of Beijing, China （address）（hereinaft

55、er referred to as “the Company”） as one part and Mr. Smith of London, the UK（address）（hereinafter referred to as the Contractor）of the other part. 甲方-中國(guó)北京A公司（以下稱本公司）與乙方-來自英國(guó)倫敦的史密斯先生（以下稱簽約人）于2006年9月1日簽署本服務(wù)協(xié)議。74WHEREBY IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED AS FOLLOWS： 1. THAT the Company shall 2. This agreement s

56、hall commence 雙方達(dá)成協(xié)議并聲明如下： 1.本公司將 2.本協(xié)議自起執(zhí)行75IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both parties set their hands on the date herein mentioned SIGNED BY (Name)： Designation ： For and on behalf of ：（signature） Contractor ： Designation ： For and on behalf of ：（signature）作為證明，雙方于上述日期簽字。 簽署人名稱： 職位： 代理人簽名 簽約人姓名： 職位： 7677請(qǐng)把下

57、列短語翻譯成漢語。1. by virtue of2. at the close of the fiscal year 3. prior to 4. as regards 5. in effect 6. commencement 7. miscellaneous 8. to construe a contract 9. to enter into a contract10. ex contract78請(qǐng)把下列短語翻譯成漢語。 1. by virtue of2. at the close of the fiscal year 3. prior to 4. as regards 5. in effe

58、ct 6. commencement 7. miscellaneous 8. to construe a contract 9. to enter into a contract10. ex contract因?yàn)?_財(cái)務(wù)年度末 _在之前 _關(guān)于 _事實(shí)上 _開始 _其他事項(xiàng) _理解合同 _簽訂合同 _由于合同 _79Section 7Section 7 翻譯下列長(zhǎng)句（）1. After arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer shall apply to China Commodity Inspection Bure

59、au (hereinafter referred to as CCIB) for a further inspection as to the specifications and quantity/weight of the goods. 2. The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the

60、 course of loading or transit.80 3. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the expression “Shipment” used in stipulating an earliest and/or a latest shipment date will be understood to include the expression “l(fā)oading on board”, “dispatch” and “taking in charge”. 4. On the transfer date New Compa