大學(xué)英語Unit 1

1、Unit One Text AUnit One Text ALearning, Chinese-StyleLearning, Chinese-StyleBook 2ObjectivesI. Students will be able to understand the I. Students will be able to understand the following ideas: following ideas: 1. Similarities and differences between Chinese way of learning and that of American; 2.

2、 How to strike a balance ;II. Students will be able to grasp the following:II. Students will be able to grasp the following: 1.Words: 1.Words: attach, neglect, investigate, exception, critical, facility, apply, emerge, foster, superior, 2. Phrases: 2. Phrases: not in the least， on occasion， on ones

3、own， in due course，make up for， in retrospect， so much so that， on the one hand， pick up 3.Structures: 3.Structures: 1) so much so that 2) assuming that Pre-reading Activities Background Information Oral Discussion While-reading Activities Text Organization Vocabulary and Structure Extra Activities

4、Writing ContentsBackground Information Education in the westEducation in the west There is no common agreement in the West concerning the best method of education. A variety of views can be found among parents, teachers and students. Indeed, it might be argued that it is this very existence of conte

5、nding points of view that is characteristic of Western education. This can be seen as far back as in the work of the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, who encouraged his students to question everything, even theirmost fundamental beliefs. Yet even then there was no general agreement that this was

6、the best way to teach. Much of the current debate over education surrounds the extend to which learning should be teacher-based or student-based. Comparing Western and Asian methods of learning it is generally true that Western methods are more student-centered. An extreme version of the student-cen

7、tered approach can be seen at Summerhill, a schoolin England established by the educationalist A.S.Neil. There children have complete freedom to decide what they are going to learn and which lessons they will attend. If they wish they need not attend any at all. Standing on the shoulders of giantsSt

8、anding on the shoulders of giants A well-known phrase, frequently employed by inventors to express modesty about their achievements. The suggestion is that while they have been able to see further than those who came before them, it is not because they themselves are intellectual giants. Rather it i

9、s because they have been able to build upon the accumulated discoveries of their great predecessors.Oral Discussion1.What are the similarities of the Chinese way of learning and that of America? Hints: learning skills; acquiring a body of knowledge in many fields.2. What are the differences? Hints:

10、The Chinese Way of Learning: in family: parent-modeled（父母為示范的）；in school: teacher-centered（老師為中心的）；in society: superior-followed（上級(jí)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為導(dǎo)向的）； kids: passive, dependent, less creative. The American Way of Learning: give first priority to creativity: Preschool: encourage to ask questions and work indepe

11、ndently at a very young age；In school: learn “by doing”, by “hands-on” class work, by special “projects”，student/child-centered ；Kids: active, independent, more creativeText OrganizationIntroduction to the topic by an anecdote(para.1-5)Elaborationby comparisonand contrast(para.6-13)Conclusionby asug

12、gestion(para.14)Vocabulary 1. attach (vt.) (Line 7,Para.2) 例He attached his horse to a tree. 12縛上, 系上, 貼上 【同】 add， fasten 配屬, 隸屬于 例No blame attaches to him for the accident.他將馬拴在樹上。他沒有因?yàn)檫@個(gè)事故受到責(zé)備。搭配擴(kuò)充attach oneself to依附, 參加(黨派等),熱愛, 依戀；attach to認(rèn)為有(重要性、意義等),歸因于, 適用于；attached please find(書信用語)附上請(qǐng)查收；be

13、 attached to連在上, 附屬于, 熱愛, 依戀attach 表示“較為外形的結(jié)合, 可以連得上去, 也可拆得開來”, 還可用于比喻的意義。 add為普通用詞, 可用于一切有形的和無形的東西。affix 是比較正式的用詞, 通常指“把一件較小的或次要的東西永遠(yuǎn)加于另一件東西上”。fasten 表示“結(jié)牢”、“拴住”,用于有形的東西,有時(shí)可與attach互用。請(qǐng)選擇attach, add, affix 或 fasten 的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) The index _ appreciably to the usefulness of the book. 2)He went away with

14、 the ox _to the tree. 3) He _labels to all his bags. 4. It is necessary to _a stamp to the parcel addsfastenedattachedaffixneglect: give too little attention or care to2. neglect (Line.26, Para. 4) & ignoreHe gave too much attention to his career, working long hours and neglecting his wife.ignor

15、e: pay no attention to sb./sth. on purpose, or as if sth. has not happenI said “Good Morning” to her, but she just ignore me and walked on.例例他過于注重自己的事業(yè)，長時(shí)間工作而忽略了妻子。我對(duì)她說“早上好”，但她好像沒看見我走開了。3. investigate (vt).（Line.29, Para. 5) find out and examine (all the facts about sth.) in order to obtain the trut

16、h 調(diào)查；偵查譯譯例例警察正在調(diào)查這起搶劫案。 The police are investigating the robbery. 他已被調(diào)查, 發(fā)現(xiàn)并無罪過。 He has been investigated and found blameless leaving out or excluding例外，除外 4. exception （n.） （Line.34,Para.6) 這條語法規(guī)則有個(gè)例外。 There is an exception to this grammatical rule. 例譯詞匯擴(kuò)充except (prep.)除之外 exceptional (a.)特別的,異常的wi

17、th the exception of. 除之外； above /beyond exception 無可非議的 take exception at.對(duì)有反感；take exception to /against對(duì)表示異議, 表示反對(duì)；with the exception of除以外 without exception毫無例外地, 一律 搭配擴(kuò)充5. critical （adj.） （Line.48,Para.7) 1) very importantEnvironmentalists say a critical factor in the citys pollution is populati

18、on.2) very serious or dangerousIn yesterdays car accident, ten people were killed and five people are still in a critical condition.例例環(huán)境學(xué)家認(rèn)為城市污染的重要原因是人口問題。在昨天的車禍中有十人死亡五人傷勢嚴(yán)重。請(qǐng)熟悉下面的表達(dá)。critical of sb. / sth. 找出毛病的，批評(píng)的，非難的你怎么老是對(duì)我這樣吹毛求疵？Why are you always so critical of me?例譯6. facility (n.)（Line.64,Par

19、a.9) 1) ability to learn or do things easilyHe has great facility in learning languages. 2) (pl.) circumstances, equipment, etc that make it possible, or easier, to do sth; aidsThere are facilities for cooking in the kitchen.例例他有學(xué)語言的天賦。廚房里有烹飪設(shè)備。7. apply (v.)（Line.71,Para.10) 1) be relevant to sb/sth

20、, have an effect The new pension arrangement wont apply to people born before 1960.2)write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth. How many jobs had you applied before you were offer this one?例例新的養(yǎng)老金的計(jì)劃不適用于1960年以前出生的人在得到這項(xiàng)工作前你還申請(qǐng)過多少職位？8. emerge， (v.)（Line.90,Para.12) come out (f

21、ollowed by from)海生哺乳動(dòng)物必須不斷地浮現(xiàn)出海面呼吸.Sea mammals must emerge periodically to breathe.n. emergence例譯The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 例月亮從云層后出現(xiàn)。emergence emergence & emergencyemergencyemergence: n. 出現(xiàn)；暴露；出來Her emergence as a well-known artistemergency: 1. 緊急事件，緊急情況You should only use this do

22、or in an emergency.你只有在緊急情況下才能用這張門。2. (US) = casualty急診室她脫穎而出成為著名藝術(shù)家。9. foster (v.)（Line.99,Para.14) 1）help the growth or development of (sth.); 培養(yǎng)，培育2）encourage or promote鼓勵(lì)，促進(jìn)Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. We fostered the youn

23、g girl while her mother was in hospital. 例例經(jīng)常的文化交流肯定有助于發(fā)展我們兩校之間的友好關(guān)系。小女孩的母親住院期間我們照料她。 3）take care of and bring up (a child that is not legally ones own) 照顧，撫養(yǎng)a foster child養(yǎng)子, 養(yǎng)女; a foster parent養(yǎng)父, 養(yǎng)母; foster earth培養(yǎng)土;a foster home 孤兒收養(yǎng)所。 例10. superior (adj.)（Line.101,Para.14) better than average 高

24、位的，上面的 質(zhì)優(yōu)的，優(yōu)良的 質(zhì)優(yōu)的；優(yōu)良的 This machine is superior in many respects to that one. be superior to勝過, 比好; 不為所動(dòng)(屈服)；rise superior to超越;不為所影響例搭配擴(kuò)充這臺(tái)機(jī)器在很多方面比那臺(tái)好。Phrasesnot in the least: not at all 失敗一點(diǎn)兒也不意味著你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功，它只是意味著你還須花點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間而已。Failure doesnt in the least mean youll never make it; it does mean it will ta

25、ke a little longer.例譯on occasion: now and then 青春并不像一件彩衣，偶爾穿幾次以保持新鮮。我們一旦有了青春，就必須天天利用，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)很快消失。Youth is not like a new garment, which can keep fresh and fair by wearing on occasion. Youth, while we have it, we must wear daily, because it will fast wear away.例譯 on ones own: 1)without anyones help2)alo

26、neYou neednt give me any help. I am able to manage on my own.Id rather not go to the concert on my own. I do wish youd come with me.笑，世界與你同笑；哭，你獨(dú)自去哭吧Laugh, and the world laughs with you; weep, and you weep on your own.例例例譯你不需要給我任何幫助我自己能行。我要是沒有獨(dú)自去音樂會(huì)就好了。我希望你和我一塊去。 in due course: at the proper time; e

27、ventually處理一件事情選擇適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)確實(shí)很重要，但是如果我們無論干什么事情都等待時(shí)機(jī)，那么我們將永遠(yuǎn)一事無成。It is undoubtedly important to tackle something in due course. But we will achieve nothing if we always wait for the right time to do anything.例譯 make up for: repay with something good, compensate forHer husband bought her a present to make

28、up for quarreling with her the day before.Nothing can make up for time thats gone, if you waste time, and sooner or later time will waste you.例例她的丈夫?yàn)樗I了一件禮物，作為之前與她吵架的補(bǔ)償。過去的時(shí)間無法彌補(bǔ)，如果你浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，遲早時(shí)間也會(huì)放棄你。短語擴(kuò)充make for 移向，走向make _ 懂得，了解 make _匆匆逃走make _ 1）了解，理解，弄清 2）開出，寫（支票，賬目） 3）成功make _ 修改，更改make _ 和解；和好ou

29、toffofoverup in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflection回想起來，他總是到處在外面尋找自己所需要的東西，最后回來卻發(fā)現(xiàn)它就在自己的身邊。In retrospect, he always traveled the world over in search of what he needs and returned himself to find it.例譯 so much so that: to such an extent 愛情是盲目的，以致于它使情侶們墮入情網(wǎng)而不見其癡。Love is blind, so much

30、 so that lovers cannot see the pretty follies that themselves commit.例譯on the one hand: introduce two contrasting circumstances金錢一方面是個(gè)好奴仆，另一方面它又是一個(gè)壞主人。Money, on the one hand, is a good servant, but, on the other hand, a bad master.例譯pick up: gain, learn 樂觀主義者從每一個(gè)災(zāi)難中獲得機(jī)遇，而悲觀主義者從每一個(gè)機(jī)遇中看到災(zāi)難。An optimist

31、 picks up an opportunity in every calamity, a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity.例譯Paraphrasing and Translation1. He probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot.(L.15,para.3)他從鑰匙聲響中得到的樂趣大概跟他偶爾把鑰匙

32、成功地塞進(jìn)槽口而獲得的樂趣一樣多。譯The key had to be positioned carefully to fit into itParaphrase2. The “teacher” would then smile somewhat expectantly at Ellen or me, as if awaiting a thank youand on occasion would frown slightly, as if considering us to be neglecting our parental duties. (L. 24, para. 4)然后那位“老師”會(huì)

33、有所期待地對(duì)著我和埃倫微笑，似乎等著我們說聲謝謝偶爾會(huì)皺皺眉，似乎覺得我倆沒有盡到當(dāng)父母的責(zé)任。譯3. So long as the child is shown exactly how to do something whether it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeedhe is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. (L. 51,para7)In formal English, the

34、subjective mood is used occasionally in whether-clause.如果我們向孩子演示該如何做某事把鑰匙塞進(jìn)鑰匙的槽口也好，畫只雞或是彌補(bǔ)錯(cuò)誤行為也好那他就不太可能自行想方設(shè)法去完成這件事。譯ParaphraseSentence Structures 1.Simons ill,_ (以至于不能起床了）.1. In the best Chinese tradition, they were “ reaching by holding his hand”-so much so that he would happily come back for more

35、.例so much so that he can get out of bad2.Many contestants later failed drug tests ,_ (以至于比賽必須重新進(jìn)行).例so much so that the race had to rerun1) Assuming that this painting really is a Van Gogh, how much do you think its worth?2. Assuming (that) the contrast I have developed is valid, the importantapproa

36、ch education?如果這幅畫的作者真是凡高，你認(rèn)為它值多少錢？譯2) We can all leave together assuming that the others arent late.如果其他人都沒有遲到，我們就都可以一起走。譯Grammatical Structures While studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary school.（Para.1）While (when)分詞短語充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于此連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(while we were studying arts.)，

37、強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)性。此用法只適用于主從句主語相同時(shí) 本文類似句還有：When leaving the hotel, a guest was encouraged to turn in the key, either by handing it to an attendant or by dropping it through a slot into a box.(Para.2) 酒店鼓勵(lì)客人外出時(shí)留下鑰匙，可以交給服務(wù)員，也可以從一個(gè)槽口塞入鑰匙箱。 a. Be careful while crossing the road.b. When listening, youd better take

38、 some notes.例2. The key to our room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number on it.( Para.2 ) with +賓語賓補(bǔ)（介詞短語、分詞短語、形容詞等）介詞 “with”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；常用作狀語、定語 They stood with their arms round each other, quivering.他們顫巍巍地相互攙扶著站在一起。 例He will be happy, he will learn how to accomplish the task sooner, and then