中考語法講解與練習4——時態(tài)

1、2018中考語法講解與練習4時態(tài)英語語法是英語的重要部分，在中考的選擇題、語法填空、改錯、造句以及作文都會涉及，本套練習從既有講解又有練習，是復習的好資料，提分的好助手。語法講解：八種時態(tài)的具體用法：(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時 表示現(xiàn)階段經?；蛄晳T發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),或說明主語的特征。一般現(xiàn)在時句子中常有的時間狀語：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a y

2、ear.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經常在晚上商談生意)表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快) 表示十分確定會發(fā)生(如安排好的事情)或按照時間表進行的事情,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達將來,句子中可以有將來時間。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開往

3、漢口的列車上午8點開車) 在時間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導)和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導),用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,句子可以有將來時間。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國就給我打電話) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家) 一般現(xiàn)在時用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動作,動詞以come, go為主。如：Here c

4、omes the bus. (車來了) / There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。 一般現(xiàn)在時常用于體育比賽的解說或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. 人的心理活動和感官動作一般用一般現(xiàn)在時而不用現(xiàn)在進行時表達,常見動詞有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認為),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going

5、 to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒)(2) 一般過去時 表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),這種動作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經常發(fā)生。表示過去具體時刻發(fā)生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導的時間狀語從句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六點鐘起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past

6、nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進房間時發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人正和他父親談話)表示過去一段時間內不知何時發(fā)生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市)表示過去一個階段中經常發(fā)生的事情時,時間狀語有：last, in, fromto, for(10 year

7、s),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.講故事、對過去經歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時,而且經常省略時間狀語。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)(3) 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。一般將來

8、時的時間狀語有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引導的從句等。用will構成的將來時,表示動作與人的主觀愿望無關。“shall”用于第一人稱,“will” 用于所有人稱。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學畢業(yè)了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一個人過了)“am/is/are going to+動詞原形”表示打算或準備

9、要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情,而“am/is/are to +動詞原形”表示安排或計劃中的動作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一個人告訴他們那個婦女就會生下那個特別的男孩)/ Its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)表示一個人臨時決定要做某事,可以用will表達。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學藥劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學實驗室去取

10、些藥品,請等我回頭)現(xiàn)在進行時、一般現(xiàn)在時也可以表示將來。(見相應時態(tài))shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當于情態(tài)動詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動物園好嗎？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好嗎？) “be to +動詞原形”表示按照計劃將要發(fā)生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.(4)現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在

11、進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進行的動作。 現(xiàn)在進行時由“助動詞be (am is are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞”構成。 現(xiàn)在進行時的時間狀語有： now, this , these等,但經常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說) 表示即將發(fā)生的動作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：Im coming now.(我就來)/ What

12、are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) 表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借錢,過一些時候就忘得一干二凈)(5)過去進行時 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在進行的動作。 過去進行時由“was(第一、三人稱單數(shù))或were(第二人稱單數(shù)和各人稱的復數(shù))+現(xiàn)在分詞”構成。 過

13、去進行時的時間狀語有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的時間狀語從句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個時候他正在做晚飯)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的時候她正在玩玩具) 用于賓語從句或時間狀語從句中,表示與主句動作同時進行而且是延續(xù)時間較長。句子中通常不用時間狀語。如：Sh

14、e was it happen when she was walking past.(她路過時看到事情的發(fā)生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他們在黑暗的森林里走時唱了很多歌) 也可以表示過去一個階段頻繁發(fā)生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在這里時老向我借錢)(6)現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個發(fā)生在過去的、對現(xiàn)

15、在仍有影響的動作,或表示開始在過去,并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至還可能延續(xù)下去的動作。在完成時由“助動詞have (has)+動詞的過去分詞”構成。表示發(fā)生在過去的對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作時,時間狀語有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前從來沒有看過這么好的畫)/ He has just gone to England.(他剛去英國)表示在過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(可能延續(xù)下去)的動作或狀態(tài)時,時間狀語有：f

16、or (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引導的狀語從句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作)口語中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書)have be

17、en to與have gone to的區(qū)別：have gone to(“已經去了”)表示人不在這里,have been to(“去過”)表示人在這里。如：-Where is Mr Li? He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英國。)/ -Do you know something about Beijing? Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情況嗎？是的,我去過那里三次。)在完成時中,一個瞬間性動詞(一次性動作)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,此時須將該瞬間動詞改為延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞。具體變化見下表：瞬

18、間性動詞的完成時延續(xù)性動詞或狀態(tài)動詞的完成時have(already)gone tohavebeen in / at for (two years)hascome tohasbeen heresince (1990)(had)left(had)been away fromarrivedbeen indiedbeen deadbegunbeen onendedbeen overbought.hadborrowedkeptjoinedbeen in 或者使用下面這個句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主語(人)+謂語(過去時)+過去時間狀語 注意 在其它的時態(tài)中

19、也存在類似問題,記住,關鍵是：瞬間動詞不能和表達一段時間的狀語連用。如：How long may I keep the book?(這本書我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)(7) 過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一動作發(fā)生之前已經完成的動作。簡言之, 過去完成時所表示的時間是“過去的過去”。過去完成時由“助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞”構成。過去完成時時間狀語有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last)或者由when,before等引出狀語從句。有時句子中會有already, just, once, ever, neve

20、r等詞語,也會有for 或since構成的時間狀語。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當老師來的時候他們已經打掃完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發(fā)覺那個婦女是個騙子時她已經走掉了)過去完成時常用于賓語從句中、after引導的從句中,或者從句是before引導的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the dar

21、kness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說他以前從來沒有見過袋鼠)(8) 過去將來時 過去將來時表示在過去預計將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時由“助動詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱)+動詞原形”構成。在美國英語中,過去將來時的助動詞一律用“would +動詞原形”。過去將來時常由于賓語從句中,時間狀語有：later, soon, the next (day).在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中不可以使用過去將來時,而應該使用一般過去時。如：He promis

22、ed that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答應付給我許多錢如果我?guī)椭隳莻€項目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就會坐下來看看書)表示純粹的將來時用would或should,表示打算或主觀認為的事情用was/were going to (+動詞原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告訴我她下個月就18歲了)/ She to

23、ld me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步)過去將來時還可以表示一個過去經常性的動作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨時他會隨身帶一把雨傘) (9)現(xiàn)在完成進行時：現(xiàn)在完成進行時指一個從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并由可能繼續(xù)下去的動作,它具有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進行時雙重特征,結構是：“have/has + been +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。如：I have been swimming in

24、the cold water for about two hours.(我已經在冰冷的水里游了將近兩個小時)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在這里一直等了多久？)練習1、The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors _ smaller and smaller.Abecome  BbecameCis becoming  Dhave become2、Nobody believes he's read 100 books so far.But in fact

25、 he _.You can see the news on the school website.Adoes  Bhas  Cis  Dhave3、Have you read a book called Jane Eyre?Who_ it?Awrites  Bhas written  Cwas writing  Dwrote4、The teachers _ the office for a few minutes when we arrived.We didn't meet them.Ahad been away from&#

26、160; Bhad leftChave been away from  Dhave left5、Did you go to the flower show in the City Square?No, I _ how to make food then.Alearn  Blearned  Cwas learning  Dam learning6、Is Mr.Green at home?No, he _ Shanghai.Ahas been to  Bhas gone to  Cis going to  Dhas been i

27、n7、How clean the bedroom is!Yes, I am sure that someone _ it.Acleans  Bcleaned  Chas cleaned  Dhad cleaned8、They _ about eight hundred English words by the end of last term.Awill learn               Bhad learned

28、0; Care going to learn  Dhave learned9、Where's Tom now?He_ the post office.Ahas been to  Bhas gone to  Cwent to  Dgoes to10、Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS!   Sorry, I _.     A. don't see     B. didn't see &

29、#160;     C. haven't seen    D. won't see11、Do you know if he _ to play football with us?   I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.     A. comes; is         B. comes; will be   &

30、#160;  C. will come; is    D. will come; will be12、Jack may fall behind the other students in his class when he _ back from   England next week.    A. will come      B. will go        C. goes

31、0;        D. comes13、Over 100 countries and organizations _warm support to the Belt and Road initiative(倡議) since 2013.    Wonderful! Our circle of friends is growing bigger!      A. give     B. have given 

32、;     C. gave     D. will give    14、 Can you tell me when you are going to arrive there?    Im not sure.But Ill ring you up as soon as I _there tomorrow.    A. arrive        B. arrived

33、       C. will arrive     D. am going to arrive 15、May I borrow your dictionary, Helen?Sorry, it's not here.Tiny _my dictionary for two days.Awas keeping  Bkeeps  Chas kept  Dwill keep16、We        

34、;in the same school for three years.   A. were studying      B. have studied       C. will study          D. study17、 Mr. Miller        to Shanghai fo

35、r a visit as soon as the meeting is over. A. goes                 B. has gone      C. will go                 

36、    D. went18、 Mary, can you help me? Wait a moment. I         dinner now.A. cook                      B. cooked      &#

37、160;     C. was cooking    D. am cooking 19、 When did the meeting begin?Sh! At four oclock. It _ for 15 minutes. A.  was on           C. began           &#

38、160;    C. has been on              D. has begun20、What's Mona's plan for tomorrow? She _ skiing if it _ tomorrow.Awill go; won't rain  Bwill go; doesn't rainCgoes; won't rain  Dgoes; doesn&

39、#39;t rain21、I won't go to London again because I _ there before.Ahas been   Bhave been   Chas gone   Dhave gone 22、_ you ever _ for a newspaper?   Yes. I think it's a good experience for me.   A. Do, write      

40、     B.Have, written        C. Will, write        D. Did, write23、We _the EXPO Park in Shanghai last summer holiday.   A. visit            &

41、#160;  B. will visit           C. have visited      D. visited24、 Im sorry to have kept you waiting.   Oh, not at all. I _ here for only a few minutes.   A. have come     

42、0;   B. had been        C. has gone          D. have been25、-How long _you _ basketball? You are playing so well.     -Since I was ten years old.     A. didplay 

43、0;   B. areplaying    C. haveplayed  D. willplay      26、A woman with two children _ along the street at the moment.Ais walking    Bare walking    Cwalk    Dwalks27、I don't know if he _ to the English

44、corner, but I'll ask him about that when he _ to the class.Agoes; will come   Bwill go; will come  Cgoes; comes       Dwill go; comes28、I don't know if she _ to my birthday party tomorrow.If she _， I'll be very happy.A.comes; comes  

45、     Bwill come; comes Ccomes; will come  Dwill come; come29、Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.    Where was I?    You      you didn t like your fathers job.   A. said   B. were saying 

46、  C. had been saying   D. had said30、       the road to your school        yet?   No, and it brings much trouble and difficulty to our daily life.   A. Has; been finished     

47、  B. Has; finished             C. Is; finished        D. Was; finished31、 I first met Nana ten years ago when we        a big conference in Hong Kong.  A. had