定語從句(new)

1、1. 這是一只可愛的小貓。這是一只可愛的小貓。2. 這是我昨天買的可愛的小貓。這是我昨天買的可愛的小貓。This is a lovely little cat.This is a lovely cat that I bought yesterday.that I bought yesterday.Translation:1.I have a new book.2.A plane is a machine that can fly.3.The boy who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.先行詞：先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞、代詞被定語從

2、句所修飾的名詞、代詞定語從句：定語從句：修飾限制一個名詞或代詞的從句稱修飾限制一個名詞或代詞的從句稱 為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾 的先行詞后面。的先行詞后面。關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞, 關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose等等China is a country which has a long history. _定語從句的分類定語從句的分類定語從句定語從句The Restrictive Attributive

3、 Clause限制性定語從句限制性定語從句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句對先行詞起限制性定語從句對先行詞起限制、確限制、確定的定的作用，是先行詞作用，是先行詞不可缺少的定語不可缺少的定語，如果如果省去，主句的意思就會不完整，不明確或不省去，主句的意思就會不完整，不明確或不合邏輯。這種定語從句和主句之間合邏輯。這種定語從句和主句之間不能用逗不能用逗號號隔開隔開, 譯成漢語時放在譯成漢語時放在被修飾詞之前被修飾詞之前。The man _ c

4、ame here yesterday has come again.who 非限制性定語從句和先行詞關(guān)系松非限制性定語從句和先行詞關(guān)系松散，只是對先行詞作附加說明散，只是對先行詞作附加說明，如果省去，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。這種定語從句主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。這種定語從句和主句之間和主句之間須用逗號須用逗號隔開，譯成漢語時不必隔開，譯成漢語時不必放在放在被修飾詞之前，而是單獨為一句被修飾詞之前，而是單獨為一句。如：。如：Charlie Chaplin, _died in 1977, was one of the worlds greatest actors.who He live

5、s in another town, _is only about an hours ride from here. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _ sat a small boy.注意：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞注意：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不可不可用用that，指人時用指人時用who(主語主語),whom(賓語賓語)，指，指物時須用物時須用which.whichwhich關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞2. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情況指某一情況that who whom whosetha

6、t which whosewhichas“正如正如”when where why=介詞介詞+whichvExercises:1.The boy _told me the news is not here.2.The man _you saw yesterday is my uncle.who/that( whom )She is a girl. The girl is beautiful.She is a girl who is beautiful.She is a girl. We all like the girl.She is a girl (whom/that) we all like

7、.v先行詞先行詞指人指人時時:關(guān)系代詞在關(guān)系代詞在定語定語從句中從句中作作主語主語時用時用who/that;作作賓語賓語時用時用whom/that或或省略省略。小結(jié)：vExercises:2.Guilin is a city _ has a history of 2,000 years.which/that1.This is a book . The book is new.This is a book which/ that is new.This is a book (which/that) I bought yesterday.2.This is a book. I bought the

8、 book yesterday.小結(jié)：小結(jié)：v先行詞先行詞指物指物時：在時：在定語從定語從句中句中充當充當主語主語時時，關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞用詞用which/that；充當；充當賓賓語語時用時用which/that或或省略省略。1. I have a friend . Her name is Jenny.I have a friend whose name is Jenny.2. I have a book. Its cover is red.I have a book whose cover is red.小結(jié)小結(jié)：whose既可指人，也可指物既可指人，也可指物，在在定語從句中定語從句中充當充當定

9、語定語；后面總跟一個；后面總跟一個名詞（名詞（whose + n.）充當從句中的主）充當從句中的主語、賓語。語、賓語。Exercises:1.Id like a room _window looks out over the sea.2.The girl _name is Mary will go shopping tonight. whose whose 先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞衷趶木渲谐洚數(shù)某煞秩巳?Who/whom/that主、賓、表主、賓、表物物Which/that主、賓主、賓人人/物物 whose定定v定語從句口訣：定語從句口訣：v前看前看先行辨清人或物，先行辨清人

10、或物，后看后看從句有無主賓語從句有無主賓語;v先行指人用先行指人用who/whom/that,先行指物用先行指物用which/that;vwhose通常用作通常用作定語定語，人、物人、物兩者都兼顧兩者都兼顧.conclusion1. The man _I saw told me to come back today.2. I know a boy _ father is an actor.3. He showed me a machine _ parts are too small to be seen.4. The number of people _ were killed or inju

11、red reached more than 400,000.5.I have bought a watch _ was advertised on TV.(whom/that)whose whose whowhich/that語法填空語法填空 Last year I came back to my middle school 1_was founded in 1913. A celebration was held there. Many people 2 _had ever studied there went back to attend it. I saw many classmates

12、 3I hadnt seen for ages. We went around the school to see many things 4are familiar to us, including our classroom 5doors face south. Also we visited our teachers, with 6help we made great progress in our study. whichwho/that(who/whom/that)which/thatwhosewhoseTranslation:1.他是一個很癡迷音樂的人他是一個很癡迷音樂的人. 2.

13、 這是我從北京買回來的新書這是我從北京買回來的新書.3. 我們昨天參觀的那所學校始建于八十年前我們昨天參觀的那所學校始建于八十年前。4. 這就是我的那個家在地震中被毀的鄰居。這就是我的那個家在地震中被毀的鄰居。He is a person who/that is crazy about music.TheseThese are the new books (which/that) I boughtin Beijing.The school (which /that) we visited yesterdaydates back to 80 years ago.This is my neighb

14、ors whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.The school was three kilometres away. I studied at the school only two years.The school where I studied only two years was three kilometres away. (at which)小結(jié)：小結(jié)：v先行詞先行詞指地點指地點,關(guān)系副詞在定語從句關(guān)系副詞在定語從句 中作中作地點狀語地點狀語時用時用where.at the schoolThe day was one of the

15、happiest days of my life. Mary told me what to do and help me on that day.The day when Mary told me what to do and helped me was one of the happiest days of my life. (on which)小結(jié)：小結(jié)：v先行詞先行詞指時間指時間,關(guān)系副詞在定語從句關(guān)系副詞在定語從句 中作中作時間狀語時間狀語時用時用when.on that dayI got a job . The reason was that I worked hard.The r

16、eason why I got a job was that I worked hard. (for which)小結(jié)：小結(jié)：v先行詞先行詞指原因指原因,關(guān)系副詞在定語從句關(guān)系副詞在定語從句 中作中作原因狀語原因狀語時用時用why.The reason Exercises: I dont believe the reason _ he has given for not coming to the lecture. 2. Thats the Science Museum _ we visited last year. 3. We have to delay the party till nex

17、t week, _ we will not have something important to do. 4. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird 1. Flu is being studied. that / whichwhichwhenwhere5. After living with his grandparents in the countryside for ten years, the boy returned to the big city _ his paren

18、ts worked. 6. The reason _he changed his mind is not clear. wherewhyExx: 我僅僅在那里讀了兩年的學校有三公里遠我僅僅在那里讀了兩年的學校有三公里遠. The school_ was three kilometers away. 2. 我非常懷念我們一起學習的美好日子我非常懷念我們一起學習的美好日子. I miss the good days _ very much. 3.那就是為什么他能得到獎賞的理由那就是為什么他能得到獎賞的理由.1. That is the reason _.where I only studied t

19、wo yearswhen we studied together why he can get the reward 以上是對連接定語從句的關(guān)以上是對連接定語從句的關(guān)系詞作的分析，引導(dǎo)定語從句的系詞作的分析，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作在定語從句中作主語、主語、賓語賓語或或定語定語，作賓語時可省略，作賓語時可省略;關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when , where, why分別在分別在定語從句中充當定語從句中充當時間、地點時間、地點和和原原因狀語。因狀語。 (1) that指物時一般可以與指物時一般可以與which互換，但互換，但在下列情況中一般不可以用在下列情況中一般不可以用which

20、?？键c一考點一： 1) All _ can be done has been done. 2) I am sure she has something _ you can borrow. 當先行詞為當先行詞為all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不等不定代詞定代詞時時.that(that) 先行詞被先行詞被all, every, any,no, some, any, little, much修飾時：修飾時： Ive read all the books _ you gave me.先行詞是先

21、行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。修飾時。 This is the first composition _ he has written in English. Its the best movie _ I have ever seen.(that)(that)(that)先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the last修飾時修飾時. That white flower is the only one _ I really like. This is the very book _ I want to find. 先行詞是先行詞是疑問詞疑問詞who,

22、 which, what 時，定語時，定語從句用從句用that而不用而不用who (whom)和和which引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。 Who is the person _ is standing at the gate?(that)(that)that先行詞同時指人和指物時，用先行詞同時指人和指物時，用thatthat。 He talked about the teachers and school _ he had visited. 當關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時：當關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時： Mary is no longer the girl _she used to be.that 1. She h

23、eard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it BB1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom

24、D. to whom2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which DD1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. It was an exciting moment

25、 for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. whenBD 兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用互換，但下列情況多用as。1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時。 As we all know, the earth is round.2. 當與當與suchsuch或或the samethe same連用時，一般用連用時，一般用asas。

26、 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.She has married again, _was expected.She has married again, _was unexpected.He won the match, _ we had expected.The police were looking for him, _ he thought.asasaswhich3. 當從句和主句語義一致時，用當從句和主句語義一致時，用as，反之則用，反之則用which。 as代表前面主句意思時

27、，有代表前面主句意思時，有“正如正如”之意，從句中的之意，從句中的 動詞常是動詞常是expect, know, see, think, want, suppose等。等。 which指代指代前面整個句子前面整個句子, 但但無無“正如正如”之意。之意。e.g. She was elected president again, _ was reported. _ is known to all, Tom has made great progress.asAs4. as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如被動語態(tài)，如be known，be said，

28、be reported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。作主語。 很多由老師和學生表演的節(jié)目將出現(xiàn)很多由老師和學生表演的節(jié)目將出現(xiàn) 在舞臺上在舞臺上. 2. 票數(shù)有限票數(shù)有限, 每張十元每張十元.Many performances which will be presented by the teachers and students will be shown on the stage.The tickets, which cost 10 yuan each, are limited.3. 先到者先得先到者先得(票票)4. 想看

29、表演的人請與班長聯(lián)系想看表演的人請與班長聯(lián)系.Those who come first will be given the tickets .Or:Tickets will be given to those who apply first. Those who want to go to watch the performances please contact your monitor. 只能用只能用which不能用不能用that的情況的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾某物或修飾某物或 整個句子時整個句子時。Bruce went toward the fire, _was

30、still smoking.He came late again, _ made the boss angry.whichwhich先行詞在從句中先行詞在從句中作介詞的賓語且介詞前置作介詞的賓語且介詞前置。This is the house in _ Chaplin lived.如果介詞后置：如果介詞后置：This is the house _Chaplin lived in. 或或:This is the house _Chaplin lived.whichinwhich thatwhereThis is the same book _I lent you yesterday.這是我昨天借給

31、你的這是我昨天借給你的那種那種書。書。This is the same book _I lent you yesterday.這是我昨天借給你的那本書。這是我昨天借給你的那本書。 (5) 先行詞被先行詞被the same修飾時，關(guān)系代詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞可用可用as也可用也可用that，但意義不同，前者是，但意義不同，前者是“同樣的同樣的”，后者是后者是“同一的同一的”。asthat試比較：試比較： (6) 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where, why其含義相其含義相當于當于on which, in which, for which，所以可所以可以交替使用。以交替使用。 The day on

32、 which I met him first was May 1st. The year in which I came here was 2000. The reason why he was late was that he got up late. when whenfor which_(7)有時可用有時可用that代替關(guān)系副詞，在口語代替關(guān)系副詞，在口語 中?？梢允÷?。中常可以省略。 This is the reason (_) he came late. This is the way (_) he did it.why/for whichthat/in which (8)關(guān)系代詞關(guān)

33、系代詞as和和which都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句代表整個句子內(nèi)容，語從句代表整個句子內(nèi)容，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于可位于句首句首或或句末句末；which引導(dǎo)的定語從句卻引導(dǎo)的定語從句卻不能位于句首不能位于句首。 He was late for school, _ often happened. _ we have seen, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth. _ is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. AsAswhich The elephant is like a

34、snake, _anybody can see. He failed in the exam, _is natural. The young man cheated his friend of much money, _ was disgraceful.(不不光彩的光彩的) He was always late for school, _ made his teacher angry.aswhichwhichwhich I have the same book as you (have). He is of the same age as you (are). I have never see

35、n such a lazy man as you. Take as many as you want. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. This is such a book as was given to me.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as 在定從句中可作主語賓語或狀語。在定從句中可作主語賓語或狀語。用于用于the sameas, suchas，asas中，中，as引引導(dǎo)的定語從句常采用省略形式。導(dǎo)的定語從句常采用省略形式。對這兩個詞作如下歸納：對這兩個詞作如下歸納： 1.如果定語放主句后，既引用如果定語放主句后，既引用as也可以用也可以用which. He failed to the exam, _is natural. She seems a scientist, _in fact she is. 2.如果從句在主句前，這時要用如果從句在主句前，這時要用as而不用而不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：_we all know, his brother went to America last year.as (=which)as (=which) As 3、as代表前面主句意思時，有代表前面主句意思時，有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which沒有此意思，從句中的動詞常沒有此