模塊四U1 Grammar Modal verbs 情態(tài)動詞

1、Unit 6 Grammar直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語 直接引用別人的話叫直接引用別人的話叫_，用自，用自己的話轉述別人的話叫己的話轉述別人的話叫_。間接引。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構成語在多數(shù)情況下構成_從句；直接引從句；直接引語前后加語前后加_，間接引語不必加。，間接引語不必加。直接引語和間接引語直接引語和間接引語 直接引用別人的話叫直接引用別人的話叫直接引語直接引語，用，用自己的話轉述別人的話叫自己的話轉述別人的話叫間接引語間接引語。間。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構成接引語在多數(shù)情況下構成賓語賓語從句；直從句；直接引語前后加接引語前后加引號引號，間接引

2、語不必加。，間接引語不必加。Review賓賓語語從從句句引導詞引導詞語序：語序：時態(tài)：時態(tài)：thatif/whether疑問詞陳述語序陳述語序主句為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句可以是需要的任何時態(tài)主句為過去時態(tài)，從句應使用相應的過去的時態(tài)。從句如果描述的是客觀真理、科學理論等則永遠用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。陳述句一般疑問句特殊疑問句直接引語：直接引語： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” 直接引語：直接引語： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”直接引語：直接引語： She s

3、aid, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”間接引語：間接引語：直接引語：直接引語： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”間接引語：間接引語： She said that her brothers name was Tom. 直接引語：直接引語： She said, “My brothers name is Tom.” He asked me, “Where do you live?”間接引語：間接引語：

4、She said that her brothers name was Tom. He asked me where I lived.人稱的變化人稱的變化一一隨隨主主二隨賓二隨賓三三不不變變引號內的第一人引號內的第一人稱變間引后與主稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保句主語的人稱保持一致持一致引號內的第二人引號內的第二人稱變間引后與主稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保句賓語的人稱保持一致持一致引號內的第三人引號內的第三人稱在變間引后去人稱在變間引后去人稱不變稱不變She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,

5、“ you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted help him.一隨主，二隨賓，三不變一隨主，二隨賓，三不變 “一隨主一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如： She said.

6、My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.The boy said ,” Im reading a book.”Direct speech 直接引語直接引語 The boy said (that) he was reading a book.Reported speech間接引語間接引語.“二隨賓二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人

7、稱要跟引第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then. “第三人稱不更新第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間是指直接引語變間接引語時。接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化人稱一般不需要變化如：如： Mr.

8、Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.Practice:1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He said _brother had failed in the exam.2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?” he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said

9、 _was a good student4) He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room” He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.hishershehehermy一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去完成時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時不變不變一般將來時一般將來時過去將來時過去將來時Ex:. John said, “I like reading adventure stories. ” Joh

10、n said that he _ reading adventure stories. She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ” She told me that she _ my CD player. He said, “Ill come here this morning.” He said he_ go there that morning. He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he _ his homework. . He said, “they are playing g

11、ames over there?” He said that they_ playing games over there.likedhad brokenwouldhad finishedwere指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化動詞的變化直接引語中動詞直接引語中動詞come在間接引語中用在間接引語中用go:直接引語中的指示代詞轉換規(guī)則：直接引語中的指示代詞轉換規(guī)則：this變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閠hat; these變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閠hose本來就是本來就是that/those則不變。則不變。 4. 若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間接引語時要用接引語

12、時要用_語序，而且要加連語序，而且要加連詞詞_或或_。如：。如： 4. 若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間接引語時要用接引語時要用陳述句陳述句語序，而且要加連詞語序，而且要加連詞if或或whether。如：。如： 4. 若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間接引語時要用接引語時要用陳述句陳述句語序，而且要加連詞語序，而且要加連詞if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?” 4. 若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間接引語時要用接引

13、語時要用陳述句陳述句語序，而且要加連詞語序，而且要加連詞if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?” She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her. 4. 若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間接引語時要用陳述句語序，而且要加連詞接引語時要用陳述句語序，而且要加連詞if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?”

14、 She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her. He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?” 4. 若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間若直接引語為一般疑問句，改為間接引語時要用陳述句語序，而且要加連詞接引語時要用陳述句語序，而且要加連詞if或或whether。如：。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?” She asked her mother if/whether she could go sh

15、opping with her. He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?” He asked me if/whether I would have a test on Thursday. 5. 若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引語就要使用特殊疑問詞，而且要用語就要使用特殊疑問詞，而且要用陳述句陳述句語序。如：語序。如： 5. 若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引語就要使用語就要使用特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞，而且要用，而且要用陳述句陳述句語序。如：語序。如： “How much money do

16、 you spend on books?” he asked me. 5. 若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引語就要使用語就要使用特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞，而且要用，而且要用陳述句陳述句語序。如：語序。如： “How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me. He asked me how much money I spent on books. 5. 若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引語就要使用語就要使用特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞，而且要用，而且要用陳述句陳述句語序。如：語序。如： “How mu

17、ch money do you spend on books?” he asked me. He asked me how much money I spent on books. “What is your uncle?” he asked me. 5. 若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引若直接引語為特殊疑問句，間接引語就要使用語就要使用特殊疑問詞特殊疑問詞，而且要用，而且要用陳述句陳述句語序。如：語序。如： “How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me. He asked me how much money I spent on boo

18、ks. “What is your uncle?” he asked me. He asked me what my uncle was. 6. 當直接引語為祈使句時，間接引語當直接引語為祈使句時，間接引語要改為要改為tell (ask, order, advise) sb. (not) to do sth. 的句型。也就是把動詞原形變成的句型。也就是把動詞原形變成，并在動詞不定式前用，并在動詞不定式前用tell, ask, order等動詞及其賓語。如果祈使句是否定等動詞及其賓語。如果祈使句是否定式，在動詞不定式前加式，在動詞不定式前加not。如：。如： 6. 當直接引語為祈使句時，間接引語

19、當直接引語為祈使句時，間接引語要改為要改為tell (ask, order, advise) sb. (not) to do sth. 的句型。也就是把動詞原形變成的句型。也就是把動詞原形變成動動詞不定式詞不定式，并在動詞不定式前用，并在動詞不定式前用tell, ask, order等動詞及其賓語。如果祈使句是否定等動詞及其賓語。如果祈使句是否定式，在動詞不定式前加式，在動詞不定式前加not。如：。如： The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman said to th

20、e children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street. The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street. My mother said to me, “Please come and help

21、me.” The policeman said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street. My mother said to me, “Please come and help me.” My mother asked me to go and help her.1. 直接引語中的謂語動詞為一般過去時，直接引語中的謂語動詞為一般過去時，如與一個表示過去的時間如與一個表示過去的時間(如如1991,l

22、ast week)連用，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變。連用，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變。My father said to me, “I read the book in 1986.”My father told me he read the book in 1986.2. 直接引語表達的意思是直接引語表達的意思是客觀真理客觀真理時，時，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時在變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變時態(tài)不變。The geography teacher said to us, , “The earth goes around the sun.”The geography teacher told us that the e

23、arth goes around the sun.Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative sentences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative s

24、entences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatwhether/ifWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative sentences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatwhether/ifwh-wordsWhat words can be used to report statements, questions,

25、and imperative sentences?Statementsyes/no Questionswh-questions Imperative sentencesthatwhether/ifwh-wordsWhat words can be used to report statements, questions, and imperative sentences?reporting verb引語詞（如： tell/ask/order/beg.）+ O + (not) + to do1. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had

26、seen her the week _.2. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there3. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.4. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 5. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew w

27、here she _.6. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise.7. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ him the news. 8. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.ifaskedtoldbeforeshecouldwherehowhadihadthoselivediifstoptot

28、oldtonotaskedtellifthatMike said that he didnt think he would be able to finish it in time.He told his friend that it was the most interesting film he had ever seen.把下列句子改為間接引語把下列句子改為間接引語 2. “Its the most interesting film Ive ever seen,” he told his friend. 1. “I dont think I will be able to finish

29、it in time,” Mike said. 4. My mother said, “Have your rotten tooth been pulled out?” 3. The doctor said to the patient, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow. The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 pm the next day. 4. My mother said, “Have your rotten tooth been pulled out?

30、” 3. The doctor said to the patiet, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow. The doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 pm the next day. My mother asked if my rotten tooth had been pulled out. 4. My mother said, “Have your rotten tooth been pulled out?” 3. The doctor said to the

31、patient, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow. 5. “How will you go to the park?” Brown said to his younger brother. 5. “How will you go to the park?” Brown said to his younger brother. Brown asked his younger brother how he would go to the park.Read the advertisement and complete the letter on P

32、age 9.Answers:1. _ 2. _ 3. _4. _ 5. _ 6. _7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _waswould behad readthatwouldhad boughtthatwouldthoseherRead Part A on Page 11 and practise reporting questions using whether/if or wh-words.Answers:2. Wang Qin _ _.3. Lu Kai _ _.asked how it could help him remember English words.asked whe

33、ther/if it taught listening and speaking 4. Liu Fang _ _ _.5. Gu Jin _ _.asked what the designerwould do if she was not satisfiedwith the softwareasked whether/if it was easyto useRead the advertising tips Part A on Page 11 and report each of them to your boss.Answers:2. The expert encourages us to

34、_.3. The expert recommends that _.use interesting and attractive photoswe (should) use eye-catching logos4. The expert suggests that _ _ _.5. The expert tells us to _ _.we (should)make the slogans short and easymake good useof colours to attract peoples attentionto remember1. your tomorrow 2. I did last I havent 3. Have you had/Did you have 4. I finished yesterday5. am going6. Will co