book7unit2grammar

1、結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) : to do;(否定否定) not to do 二二. 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般式一般式 進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式 完成式完成式完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式一般式表示與

2、謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/ /幾乎同時(shí)幾乎同時(shí)/ /發(fā)生在發(fā)生在它之后它之后.).)( (進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí)表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí), ,不定式的動(dòng)作不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行也正在進(jìn)行) )( (完成式完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前) )(4).Were happy to have been working with you. ( (完成進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前, ,不定式的不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)) )一一. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(1)把不定式置于句首把不定式置于句首。如

3、：。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. To see is to believe.(2)用用it作作形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中用于下列句式中 。如：。如： Itbe名詞名詞to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. Itbe形容詞形容詞(for sb)to do It is difficult for us to finish composition in a quarter of an hour. Itbe

4、形容詞形容詞of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. It takes sb+ some time+ to do How long did it take you to finish the work? It seems(appears)形容詞形容詞to do It seemed impossible to save money. 二二. 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)動(dòng)作.如如: My job is to teach students.Your

5、task is to clean the classroom.What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 三三. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) （ V. + to do )(1)只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ) afford （付得起）（付得起） agree（同意）（同意） aim(力求做到力求做到) appear（顯得）（顯得） arrange（安排）（安排）ask（要求）（要求）attempt （試圖）（試圖） care（想要）（想要） choose（決定）（決定）decide（決定）（決定） demand（要求）（要求） determine（決（決心）

6、心）expect（期待）（期待） fail（未履行）（未履行） help（幫助）（幫助）hesitate（猶豫）（猶豫） hope（希望）（希望） learn（學(xué)會(huì)）（學(xué)會(huì)）manage（設(shè)法）（設(shè)法） offer（主動(dòng)提出）（主動(dòng)提出）plan（計(jì)劃）（計(jì)劃）prepare（準(zhǔn)備）（準(zhǔn)備） pretend（假裝）（假裝） promise（答應(yīng)）（答應(yīng)）prove（證明）（證明） refuse（拒絕）（拒絕） resolve（解決）（解決）seem（覺(jué)得好像）（覺(jué)得好像）tend（往往會(huì)）（往往會(huì)） threaten（預(yù)示）（預(yù)示）undertake（承諾）（承諾）want（想要）（想要） w

7、ish（希望）（希望） (2).動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+ 不定式不定式 常用動(dòng)詞常用動(dòng)詞 decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell。 如：如：I couldnt decide which book to choose. I can tell you where to get this book. 疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)除了作賓語(yǔ)外，還可以在句中結(jié)構(gòu)除了作賓語(yǔ)外，還可以在句中作主語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。如：作主語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。如

8、： When to start the program remains undecided. The question is how to put the plans into practice.用用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞itadj. / n. to do We think it quite important to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor 四四.作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)1) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+to do可以用to do 作賓補(bǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞:adviseallowbelievec

9、ausechallengedeclareencourageforbidforcefindhireinduce instructinvitelikeorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireselectsendsupposetelltrainurge 不帶不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：五看五看 watch see look at observe notice一感覺(jué)一感覺(jué): feel三三使使 let make have 二聽(tīng)二聽(tīng) listen to hear+ sb do sth（省略省略to）I made him do his work.

10、He was made to do his work (by me).變成被動(dòng)，被省略的變成被動(dòng)，被省略的to 要還原要還原。不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時(shí)后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞do的的各種形式各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.注意注意 1注意注意 2不帶不帶to的不定式用在下列詞組后面：的不定式用在下列詞組后面： would rather d

11、o .than do (寧愿寧愿也不也不)had better do .(最好最好)cant help but do .(不得不不得不)cannot but do .(不得不，必然不得不，必然)may/might as well do .(不妨不妨)let alone do (更不用說(shuō)更不用說(shuō))。1.Youd better return the books to the library on time. Otherwise, you will be fined.2. I cant help but wish that nothing would go wrong.3. They had nev

12、er seen such delicious food, let alone eat itI have something to say,but my brother has a lot of homework _,so I am looking for someone _.五五.不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面。應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面。1. 作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞

13、相應(yīng)的介詞。 He is looking for a room to live in.2. 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live in.3. something, anything, nothing, everything等等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語(yǔ)。復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語(yǔ)。注意比較：注意比較：1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？你有什么東西要寄嗎？2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式（不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else）六六. 不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)1）目的狀語(yǔ) He ran so fast as to ca