專業(yè)詞匯匯總

1、地理學(xué)hemisphere 半球meridian子午線 / 經(jīng)線parallel平行圈latitude緯線longitude經(jīng)線 / 經(jīng)度elevation海拔altitude高度 / 海拔horizon地平線equator赤道temperature latitudes溫帶地區(qū)tropics熱帶地區(qū)Arctic / the North Pole北極Antarctic / Antarctica 南極the Antarctic Continent南極洲the Antarctic Circle南極圈the Arctic Circle北極圈aurora極光tropics of Cancer 北回歸線t

2、ropics of Capricorn 南回歸線international date line國(guó)際日期變更線time difference 時(shí)差time zone時(shí)區(qū)topography 地形 / 地形學(xué)plain平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin盆地oasis綠洲enclave飛地peak山峰cordillera / ranges山脈carven / cave 洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland沿海地區(qū)coastline海岸線watershed分水嶺upper reaches上游lower reaches下游tri

3、butary 支流deposit沉積spring / fountain泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed河床gulf / bay 海灣waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；噴流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropical rain forest熱帶雨林continental island大陸島volcanic island火山島coral island珊瑚島islet小島peninsular半島archipelago群島delta三角洲landlocked area內(nèi)陸inland waterway內(nèi)陸河subcontinent次大陸cliff山崖valley山

4、谷hillside / mountain slope山坡continental shelf大陸架canyon / gorge峽谷channel / strait 海峽remote-sensing遙感的terrestrial地球的 / 陸地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地?zé)醫(yī)errestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陸漂移學(xué)說(shuō)sea-floor spreading海床擴(kuò)展evaporation蒸發(fā)salinity含鹽度ocean bottom海床sediment沉積物tropical熱帶的temperate 溫帶的frig

5、id寒帶的frost heaving凍脹現(xiàn)象tundra苔原，凍原fieldstone卵石the Mediterranean Sea地中海the primeval forest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的納維亞(半島)(瑞典、挪威、丹麥、冰島的泛稱)fjord峽灣coral reef珊瑚礁Chalk白堊紀(jì)cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水嶺abyss深淵territory版圖；領(lǐng)土；地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脈Carpathians喀爾巴阡山脈Vesuvius維蘇威火山Pompeii龐貝precipice懸崖eon世；紀(jì)；代glacier冰河Pangaea盤古大陸dune

6、沙丘Lagoon咸水湖地質(zhì)學(xué)crust地殼mantle地幔core地核continental crust大陸地殼oceanic crust 海洋地殼layer / stratum地層stratigraphy地層學(xué)fault斷層fault plane斷層面fault zone斷層帶rift / crack / split斷裂disintegration / decomposition分解erosion腐蝕fossil化石igneous rock火成巖sedimentary rock沉積巖metamorphic rock變質(zhì)巖limestone石灰?guī)rgranite花崗巖marble大理石litho

7、sphere巖石圈magma / molten lava巖漿quartz石英mineral礦物ore礦石deposit礦床rubble碎石debris殘骸platinum白金/鉑金silver銀copper黃銅aluminum鋁tin錫lead鉛zinc鋅nickel鎳mercury汞/水銀sodium鈉gem寶石diamond鉆石emerald綠寶石ruby紅寶石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch / age / period冰川期glacial drift冰漬moraines冰磧iceberg冰山volcano火山active volcano活火山extinc

8、t volcano死火山dormant volcano休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano盾狀火山（平緩）(steep-sided) cone volcano錐狀火山（陡峭）eruption火山噴發(fā)crater 火山口caldera（開(kāi)口較大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷處；盆地lava火山巖漿volcanic dust火山塵volcanic ash火山灰geyser間歇噴泉hot spring溫泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震學(xué)magnitude震級(jí)seismic inten

9、sity scale震烈度seismic wave地震波transverse wave橫波longitudinal wave縱波epicenter震中epicentral distance震中距aftershock余震cataclysm災(zāi)變tsunami / tidal / force海嘯undersea landslide海底山崩m(xù)elt global warming全球逐漸變暖aquifer蓄水層swamp沼澤peat bog泥炭沼澤Great Canyon大峽谷Nile River尼羅河Colorado river科羅拉多河crumples zones地質(zhì)緩沖地帶bedrock巖床bul

10、ge凸起物動(dòng)物學(xué)zoology動(dòng)物學(xué)Darwinism達(dá)爾文學(xué)說(shuō)natural selection自然選擇phylum門class綱order目suborder亞目family科genus屬species種invertebrate無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物vertebrate脊椎動(dòng)物aquatic life水生動(dòng)物reptile爬行動(dòng)物amphibian / amphibious animal兩棲動(dòng)物protozoa原生動(dòng)物rodent嚙齒動(dòng)物ruminant反芻動(dòng)物parasitic animal寄生動(dòng)物primate靈長(zhǎng)動(dòng)物plankton浮游生物mollusk軟體動(dòng)物coelenterate腔腸動(dòng)物（如

11、水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草動(dòng)物mammal哺乳動(dòng)物homotherm恒溫動(dòng)物cold-blooded animal冷血?jiǎng)游飌oikilotherm變溫動(dòng)物scavenger食腐動(dòng)物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous雜食的bird鳥類camouflage偽裝hibernate冬眠；蟄伏regeneration再生predatory / carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes / swarms（昆蟲等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community動(dòng)物的群落或人的部落population種群herd獸群hygi

12、ene衛(wèi)生sanitation公共衛(wèi)生；衛(wèi)生設(shè)施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper誘捕動(dòng)物者niche小生態(tài)環(huán)境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陳代謝breed（名詞）品種；（動(dòng)詞）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（魚、蝦、蛙等）孵anatomy解剖學(xué)appetite食欲creature生物scales鱗feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestive system消化系

13、統(tǒng)excretory system排泄系統(tǒng)reproductive system生殖系統(tǒng)circulatory system循環(huán)系統(tǒng)respiratory system呼吸系統(tǒng)hormonal system內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine小腸large intestine大腸anus肛門digestive gland消化腺salivary gland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder膽pancreas胰水生動(dòng)物jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鯨魚shri

14、mp小蝦prawn對(duì)蝦lobster龍蝦crab螃蟹mussel貽貝；蚌類clam蛤蜊oyster牡蠣sponge海綿starfish海星squid魷魚；烏賊burro / octopus章魚sole鰨；鰨目魚plaice鰈，紅斑比目魚哺乳動(dòng)物squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter水獺antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose駝鹿beaver海貍elk麋鹿reindeer馴鹿giraffe長(zhǎng)頸鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河馬sloth樹懶slothful懶惰的兩棲動(dòng)物、爬行動(dòng)物fr

15、og青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蠑螈scorpion蝎子turtle龜lizard蜥蜴chameleon變色龍caymen / crocodile鱷魚centipede蜈蚣鳥類robin知更鳥owl貓頭鷹barnacle北極鵝penguin企鵝canary金絲雀chirp（鳥、蟲的叫聲）vulture禿鷲crane鶴stork鸛ptarmigan雷鳥migrate遷移plumage羽體camouflage偽裝wing翅膀bill（鳥）嘴beak（鷹等的）嘴昆蟲insect昆蟲wasp黃蜂hornet大黃蜂spider蜘蛛pest害蟲worm蟲/蠕蟲cicada蟬mantis螳螂c

16、ockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna / tentacle觸須larva幼蟲建筑學(xué)architecture建筑學(xué)architect建筑學(xué)家construct結(jié)構(gòu)wing輻樓/側(cè)樓design設(shè)計(jì)elevator電梯skyscraper摩天大樓design element設(shè)計(jì)元素log structure原木結(jié)構(gòu)cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型building technique建筑工藝new material新材料metal-frame金屬結(jié)構(gòu)repair person修理工planetarium天文館aquarium水族館archives檔案館office

17、 building寫字樓cathedral大教堂mosque清真寺the statue of liberty自由女神像the triumphal arch凱旋門sphinx獅身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡教育學(xué)higher education高等教育moral character道德品質(zhì)domain領(lǐng)域faculty全體教員alumni校友treasurer生活委員/財(cái)務(wù)大臣elective system選課制度curriculum課程（總稱）discipline學(xué)科/管理learn by rote死記硬背encyclopedias百科全書/?？迫珪巍⒔?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)類subsiste

18、nce存活，生活subsistence wage剛夠養(yǎng)家糊口的工資subsistence level收支平衡的生活水平kinship親屬關(guān)系，血緣關(guān)系commodity商品check支票；收據(jù)；賬單bank loan銀行貸款interest利息withdraw從銀行賬戶中提款honor (a cheque/bill/draft)承兌a run on a bank擠兌the Great Depression大蕭條consumerism消費(fèi)主義（認(rèn)為高消費(fèi)對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)有利的看法）；保護(hù)消費(fèi)者權(quán)益主義affluence富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老練的；復(fù)雜的，尖端的考古學(xué)archa

19、eology考古學(xué)paleontology古生物學(xué)anthropology人類學(xué)archaeologist人類學(xué)家pale-anthropologist古人類學(xué)家ecological anthropologist生態(tài)人類學(xué)家psychological anthropologist心理人類學(xué)家originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同以種族（種類）的tribe部落clan氏族e(cuò)xcavation挖掘excavate / unearth挖掘ruins遺跡/廢墟remains遺產(chǎn)/遺骸artifact手工藝品relic遺物/文物antique古物/古董

20、antiquity古代/古老Stone Age石器時(shí)代Bronze Age青銅器時(shí)代Iron Age鐵器時(shí)代Paleolithic舊石器時(shí)代的Mesolithic中石器時(shí)代的Neolithic新石器時(shí)代的morphology形態(tài)學(xué)skull顱骨cranial顱骨的fossil化石ancient civilization古代文明cave man山頂洞人cultural relics文物rock painting巖畫美術(shù)（繪畫和雕塑）fine arts美術(shù)oil painting油畫water color水彩畫tempera蛋彩畫sketch速寫/素描pastel彩色蠟筆畫poster海報(bào)/招貼畫

21、charcoal drawing木炭畫mural painting / fresco壁畫engraving版畫lithograph石板畫landscape painting風(fēng)景畫still life靜物畫portrait肖像畫caricature漫畫pigment顏色，色素canvas油畫布brush畫筆drawing board畫板perspective透視畫法original原作copy臨本reproduction / replica復(fù)制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美術(shù)館autograph真跡panorama全景畫calligraphy書法paste裱糊impressio

22、nistic style印象派風(fēng)格framing裝框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/獨(dú)特的animator漫畫家saxophonist薩克斯風(fēng)管吹奏者indigo靛藍(lán)purple紫色能源和環(huán)境fossil fuel礦物燃料process of photo synthesis光合作用solar energy太陽(yáng)能nonrenewable不可再生的energy conservation保護(hù)能源resource資源energy source能源資源tidal energy潮汐能fuel-efficient節(jié)能型的

23、rush hour高峰期zero emission零輻射wildness野生/天然preservation保護(hù)atmosphere大氣carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃燒global warming全球變暖greenhouse effect溫室效應(yīng)rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change長(zhǎng)期的氣候變化environmental recycling center再循環(huán)利用中心litter/trash garbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化defore

24、st濫伐森林drought干旱water shortage水源缺乏offshore spillage近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工業(yè)污水recycling再循環(huán)purify凈化deteriorate惡化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水處理environment protection環(huán)境保護(hù)ozone layer臭氧層waste disposal廢物處理emission（汽車廢氣的）排放soot煙塵El Niño厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象氣象學(xué)meteorology氣象meteorologist氣象學(xué)家m

25、eteorological station氣象站forecast / predict預(yù)報(bào)climate氣候atmosphere大氣層troposphere對(duì)流層stratosphere平流層mesosphere中間層ionosphere電離層exosphere逸散層cold front冷鋒warm air mass熱氣團(tuán)current（氣）流moisture潮濕，水氣spell某種天氣持續(xù)一段時(shí)間vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸發(fā)damp / moist / humid潮濕humidity濕度moisture潮濕 / 水分saturate飽和dew露frost霜fog / mist霧smog

26、煙霧droplet小水condense濃縮crystal水晶體sheet（水、冰、雪的）一層downpour / torrential rain大雨tempest (storm) / torrential rain暴風(fēng)雨drizzle細(xì)雨shower陣雨hail冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴風(fēng)雪avalanche / snow slide雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder雷breeze微風(fēng)sandstorm沙暴monsoon季風(fēng)gale大風(fēng)whirlwind旋風(fēng)typhoon臺(tái)風(fēng)hurricane颶風(fēng)tornado / twister / cycl

27、one龍卷風(fēng)wind scale風(fēng)級(jí)tsunami / seismic sea wave海嘯tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere上層大氣funnel漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe災(zāi)難devastation破壞submerge淹沒(méi)drought旱災(zāi)convection對(duì)流wind velocity風(fēng)速wind direction風(fēng)向long-range forecast長(zhǎng)期預(yù)報(bào)numerical weather prediction數(shù)值天氣預(yù)報(bào)nephanalysis云層分析；衛(wèi)星云圖人物artist藝術(shù)家choreograph

28、er舞蹈編排家critic批評(píng)家satirist諷刺作家inventor發(fā)明家biographer自傳作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女權(quán)主義者h(yuǎn)umanitarian人道主義者imagist意象派詩(shī)人philanthropist慈善家proprietor業(yè)主mortal犯人precursor先驅(qū)figurehead名譽(yù)領(lǐng)袖disciple學(xué)徒apprentice學(xué)徒mechanic機(jī)械工minimalist簡(jiǎn)單抽象派藝術(shù)家avant-garde前衛(wèi)派territory領(lǐng)域genre風(fēng)格/體裁eccentric古怪的odd怪誕的/奇數(shù)的erratic奇怪的weird怪異的/不可思議的

29、romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/無(wú)罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情緒的/情感的sentimental感傷的/多愁善感的cheerless無(wú)精打采的/無(wú)生命力的patriarchal家長(zhǎng)的/族長(zhǎng)的rigid僵化的spare簡(jiǎn)樸的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary當(dāng)代的acclaimed受歡迎的preeminent杰出的versatile（人）多才多藝的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻戶曉的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia懷舊主義/思鄉(xiāng)

30、emotive感人的prodigious巨大的classic經(jīng)典的posthumous死后的攝影photographer攝影家panorama全景照片snap shot快照developing沖洗enlarge放大foreground前景background背景high definition高清晰度close-up特寫out of focus調(diào)焦不準(zhǔn)exposure曝光instant camera拍立得camera lens相機(jī)鏡頭tripod三腳架dark room暗室wide angle lens廣角鏡頭long focus lens長(zhǎng)鏡頭filter濾色鏡生態(tài)學(xué)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)eco

31、system生態(tài)系統(tǒng)balance of nature自然界生態(tài)平衡fauna動(dòng)物群flora植物群rain forest雨林food chain食物鏈acid rain酸雨greenhouse溫室效應(yīng)infrared radiation紅外線輻射ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧層ultraviolet radiation紫外輻射pollution control污染控制air pollution空氣控制water pollution水污染noxious / toxic有毒的fumes（有毒的）廢氣waste廢物solid waste固體廢物sewage / wastew

32、ater污水sewage purification污水凈化swage disposal污水處理decibel（噪音）分貝生物學(xué)biology生物學(xué)marine biology海洋生物學(xué)entomology昆蟲學(xué)ornithology鳥類學(xué)microbiology微生物學(xué)genetics遺傳學(xué)speciology物種學(xué)parasitology寄生蟲學(xué)paleontology古生物學(xué)paleontologist古生物學(xué)家dinosaur恐龍die out / extinction滅絕mammal哺乳動(dòng)物carnivore食肉動(dòng)物rodent嚙齒類動(dòng)物underwater水下的marine海洋的sc

33、uba水下呼吸器diving潛水 / 跳水one-celled organism單細(xì)胞有機(jī)體tissue（動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞的）組織protective camouflage保護(hù)色predator捕獵者oceanic snail蝸牛animal adaptation動(dòng)物適應(yīng)性survival of the fittest適者生存origin of species物種起源wild environment野生環(huán)境insecticide殺蟲劑prenatal care產(chǎn)后護(hù)理habitat棲息地tentacle觸須prey捕食navigate導(dǎo)航tiny receptor接收器nerve / specime

34、n物種amphibian兩棲類動(dòng)物decline in the number數(shù)量減少gene基因genetic基因的，遺傳的endangered species瀕危動(dòng)物survival活著的transition轉(zhuǎn)變/過(guò)渡microbe微生物yeast酵母（菌）bacteria細(xì)菌single-cell單細(xì)胞reptile爬行類動(dòng)物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孫chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient營(yíng)養(yǎng)品nourishment營(yíng)養(yǎng)品 / 食物feed喂養(yǎng)cannibalism同類相食respiration呼吸inges

35、tion攝食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell細(xì)胞nucleus細(xì)胞核cytoplasm 細(xì)胞質(zhì)plasma lemma / cell membrane細(xì)胞膜cell wall細(xì)胞壁protein蛋白質(zhì)amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遺傳mutation of species物種變異chromosome染色體genetic engineering遺傳工程solitary獨(dú)居social群居bio-diversity生物多樣性metamorphosis變態(tài) / 變形mutation變種variation變異天文學(xué)astronomy

36、天文學(xué)astronomical observatory天文臺(tái)planetarium天文館astrophysics天文物理學(xué)astrology占星學(xué)pseudoscience偽科學(xué)cosmos / universe宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite無(wú)限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙輻射cosmic rays宇宙射線celestial天體的celestial body / heavenly body天體celestial map / sky atlas天體圖celestial sphere天球dwarf / dwarf star矮星quasar類星體constel

37、lation星座galaxy / Milky Way銀河系star cluster星團(tuán)asterism星群solar system太陽(yáng)系solar corona日冕solar eclipse日食solar radiation太陽(yáng)輻射planet行星planetoid / asteroid小行星revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)twinkle閃爍naked eye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit軌道spin旋轉(zhuǎn)satellite衛(wèi)星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor show

38、er流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星體meteorite隕石comet彗星space / outer space太空，外層空間spacecraft / spaceship宇宙飛船space shuttle航天飛機(jī)space telescope空間望遠(yuǎn)鏡astronaut / spaceman宇航員space suit宇航服stellar恒星的intergalactic星系間的interstellar恒星間的interplanetary行星間的asteroid小行星nebula星云space debris太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球?qū)觕hromospheres

39、色球；色球?qū)尤彰釋觭unspot太陽(yáng)黑子（發(fā)生在光球?qū)樱ゝlare耀斑（發(fā)生在色球?qū)樱﹕olar prominence日珥（發(fā)生在色球?qū)樱ヽonvection zone對(duì)流層vacuum真空infrared ray紅外線absolute magnitude絕對(duì)量級(jí)emission發(fā)射/散發(fā)high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干擾儀，干涉儀illusive object幻影體faint微弱的image影像gravitational force吸引力molten融化的leap year閏年rotation自傳revolution公轉(zhuǎn)black hole黑洞ultrav

40、iolet ray紫外線luminosity光度light year光年微生物學(xué)antibody抗體toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫學(xué)vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria細(xì)菌fermentation發(fā)酵inflection傳染 / 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization滅菌文學(xué)pose散文diary日記autobiography傳記editorial社論narrative prose敘述性descriptive prose描寫性essay隨筆poetry詩(shī)歌ballad民謠

41、lullaby催眠曲fiction小說(shuō)allegory寓言fairy tale童話legend傳說(shuō)proverb諺語(yǔ)model人物原型leading character主人公main plot主要情節(jié)prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue尾聲literary criticism文學(xué)批評(píng)literary studies文學(xué)研究schools of literature文學(xué)流派comparative literature比較文學(xué)realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義surrealism超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義futurism未來(lái)主義modernism現(xiàn)代主義aestheticism唯美主義音樂(lè)musical instrument樂(lè)器orchestra（管弦）樂(lè)隊(duì)shook rattle搖撥浪鼓pound drum擊鼓foot beat跺腳note音符score樂(lè)譜movement樂(lè)章fanatical狂熱的hillbilly music鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)folk music民間音樂(lè)pop music流行音樂(lè)classical music古典音樂(lè)Jazz爵士樂(lè)symphony交響樂(lè)rock and roll搖滾樂(lè)band music / wind music管樂(lè)string弦樂(lè)viol