英文合同寫作要點

1、Dr. Aihu WangSchool of Business AdministrationMobilemail: q英文經(jīng)濟合同的寫作不是基礎(chǔ)英語的寫作，也不是簡單的英文商務(wù)信函的寫作，而是正式的法律文件的寫作。對外經(jīng)濟合同對外經(jīng)濟合同1.The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed (被認為) to be construed (理解)as part of this Contract. 整個合同期間，本合同的附件應(yīng)被視為合同的一部分予以解釋。2.The headings and m

2、arginal notes in these conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the Contract. 本合同條件中的標(biāo)題和旁注不應(yīng)視為合同文本的一部分，在合同條件或合同本身的理解或解釋中也不應(yīng)考慮這些標(biāo)題和旁注。Construction 比 explanation 要正式。3.The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contrac

3、tor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price. 業(yè)主特此立約保證向承包人支付合同總價，以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補工程中缺陷的報酬。Covenants是法律用詞，意為簽訂有法律約束力的正式合同。對外經(jīng)濟合同中英文的語言特點對外經(jīng)濟合同中英文的語言特點使用正式的法律用詞使用正式的法律用詞q對一些關(guān)鍵性的詞采用同義詞連用以克服由于英語詞一詞多意可能產(chǎn)生的語意不明、避免合同雙方按各自的意圖來理解合同條文。

4、1.This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B. 本協(xié)議由甲方和乙方簽訂。2.The Contractor shall, without limiting his or the Employees obligations and responsibilities under Clause 20, insure the Works, together with materials and plant for incorporation therein, to the full replace

5、ment cost. 在不限制第20條中規(guī)定的承包人和業(yè)主的義務(wù)和責(zé)任的條件下，承包人應(yīng)該以全部重置成本對工程、用于工程中的材料和工程配套設(shè)備進行保險。Construction 比 explanation 要正式。對外經(jīng)濟合同中英文的語言特點對外經(jīng)濟合同中英文的語言特點同義詞連用同義詞連用qThe Engineer shall have authority to issue to the Contractor, from time to time, such supplementary Drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for th

6、e purpose of the proper and adequate execution and completion of the works and the remedying of any defects therein. 工程師有權(quán)隨時向承包人發(fā)出為合理和恰當(dāng)施工，竣工及修補工程中的缺陷所必須的補充圖紙和指示。q“施工，竣工及修補工程中的缺陷”用了兩個and (execution and completion of the works and the remedying of any defects )。q根據(jù)一般國際承包工程的做法以及國際工程承包法規(guī)（FIDIC合同條款）的規(guī)定，

7、工程分為兩個階段完成：v第一個階段為：設(shè)計、施工和竣工。完成后承包人獲得業(yè)主簽發(fā)的移交證書(Taking-over Certificate)。v第二個階段為修補工程中的缺陷。完成后承包人獲得業(yè)主簽發(fā)的缺陷責(zé)任證書(Defects Liability Certificate)。屆時，承包人和業(yè)主雙方的合同義務(wù)都已解除。q若用execution，completion of the works and the remedying of any defects ，則意味著兩個階段合并為一個階段，使承包人該移交的工程不能交出去。對外經(jīng)濟合同中英文的語言特點對外經(jīng)濟合同中英文的語言特點外語與相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識

8、和國際法知識相結(jié)合外語與相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識和國際法知識相結(jié)合q進行對外經(jīng)濟合同文件寫作時，在用詞上不但要求準確，而且要求簡潔。q英語中某些副詞如“here”和 “where”在法律文件中往往當(dāng)作前綴，與另外一個詞構(gòu)成一個正式法律詞匯中的副詞，在法律文件中用這些詞，可以避免重復(fù)，使行文準確、簡潔。q對外經(jīng)濟合同文件是法律文件，為了維護法律的權(quán)威性，在進行此類文件的英文寫作時，常常使用那些我們平時不常用的、法律文件中專用的正式詞匯。措詞措詞qHereby: by means of ; by reason of this. 特此，因此，茲。1.The Employer hereby covenants

9、to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 業(yè)主特立此約保證在合同規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)，按合同規(guī)定的方

10、式向承包人支付合同價，或合同規(guī)定的其它應(yīng)支付的款項，以作為本工程施工、竣工及修補工程中缺陷的報酬。2.We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein（在聲明中）, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request. 特此證明，據(jù)我們所知，上述聲明

11、內(nèi)容真實，正確無誤，并提供了全部現(xiàn)有的資料和數(shù)據(jù)，我們同意，應(yīng)貴方要求出具證明文件。措詞措詞herebyqThis contract is hereby made and concluded by and betweenCo. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B) on(data), in(Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consult

12、ation. q本合同雙方，公司 (以下稱甲方) 與公司(以下稱乙方) 于(日期)在中國(地點), 本著平等互利和友好協(xié)商的原則特簽訂本合同。措詞措詞herebyqHereof: of this, 關(guān)于此點，在本文中。qThe terms, conditions and provisions hereof：本合同的條件和條款。1.Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall, in accordance with the provisions hereof （本法所稱）, cover such legal entities and o

13、ther organizations as are engaged in foreign trade dealings. 本法所稱的對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者是指依照本法規(guī)定從事對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營活動的法人和其他組織。2.This decision shall apply to the crimes committed against Article 9, Article 10 and Article 11 hereof by the staff and workers of enterprises other than limited liability companies and companies lim

14、ited by shares. 有限責(zé)任公司和股份有限公司以外的企業(yè)職工有本決定第九條、第十條和第十一條規(guī)定的犯罪行為的，適用本決定。措詞措詞hereofqHereto: to this, 至此，在此上。在表示上文已提及的“本合同的本文件的”時，使用該詞。qThe parties hereto: 本合同雙方qAppendix 4 hereto: 本協(xié)議附件41.All disputes arising from the performance of this Contract shall, through amicable negotiations, be settled by the Par

15、ties hereto. Should, through negotiation, no settlement be reached, the case in question shall then be submitted for arbitration to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Beijing and the arbitration rules of this Commission shall be applied. The award of this arbitration

16、shall be final and binding upon the Parties hereto. The Arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Arbitration Commission. 對于因履行本合同所發(fā)生的一切爭議，本合同雙方應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商解決，如協(xié)商無法解決爭議，則應(yīng)將爭議提交中國國際經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易仲裁委員會（北京），依據(jù)其仲裁規(guī)則進行仲裁。仲裁裁決是終局性的，對雙方都有約束力。仲裁費用應(yīng)由敗訴方承擔(dān)，但仲裁委員會另有裁定的除外。措詞措詞hereto2.“

17、Patented Technology” means such patent, and such applications for the patent as are presently owned or will hereafter be acquired in the future by Party B, or as Party B has or may have the right to control, or as are permitted to be transferred during the effective period of this Contract in any or

18、 all countries of the world, and as are applicable to or may be used in the manufacture of Contract Products specified by the Parties hereto. “專利技術(shù)”系指乙方目前擁有的或未來獲得的，或乙方有權(quán)或可能有控制權(quán)的，或在本合同有效期在世界任何國家許可轉(zhuǎn)讓的，適用于或可能適用制造本合同雙方規(guī)定的本合同產(chǎn)品的專利和專利申請。措詞措詞heretoqHerein: in this. 此中，于此。在表示上文已提及的“本合同（中）的本文件（中）的”時，使用該詞。1.T

19、he term “company” mentioned herein refers to such a limited liability company or such a company limited by shares as are established within the territory of China in accordance with this Law. 本法所稱公司是指依照本法在中國境內(nèi)設(shè)立的有限責(zé)任公司和股份有限公司。2.The term “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Ru

20、les for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise specified herein (in this Contract). 除非本合同另有規(guī)定， “FOB”, “CFR” 或 “CIF” 均應(yīng)依照國際商會制定的國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則（INCOTERMS）2000辦理?！癋OB” (free on board) (Named port of shipment) 船上交貨()“CFR” (co

21、st and freight): 成本加運費“CIF” (cost, insurance and fright): 成本、保險加運費措詞措詞herein qHereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下，在下文。一般與to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等詞組連用，以避免重復(fù)。qWhen existing Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures, Chinese-foreign cooperative joint ventures and wholly foreig

22、n-owned enterprises (hereinafter referred to as “enterprise with foreign investment”) apply to reorganize themselves into a company, the enterprises with foreign investment shall have a record of making profits for the recent three consecutive years. 已設(shè)立的中外合資企業(yè)、中外合作企業(yè)和外商獨自企業(yè)（以下簡稱外商投資企業(yè)），如申請轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣镜模瑧?yīng)有

23、最近連續(xù)3年的盈利記錄。措詞措詞hereinafter qtherein: in that, in that particular context, in that respect. 在那里，在那點上，在那方面。在表示上文已提及的“合同中的，工程中的”等時，可以使用該詞。qThe contractor shall not, without the prior consent of the Employer, assign the Contract or any part thereof, or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder, oth

24、erwise than by: 沒有業(yè)主的事先同意，承包人不得將合同或合同的任何部分，或合同中或合同名下的任何利益或好處進行轉(zhuǎn)讓，但下列情況除外：vTherein: in the contractvThereunder: under the contract措詞措詞therein qthereof: of that, of it. 由此，其。在表示已提及的“人或事的”時，可以使用該詞。q“Tests on Completion” means such tests specified in the Contract or otherwise agreed by and between the E

25、ngineer and the Contractor as shall be made by the Contractor before the Employer takes over the Works or any section or part thereof. 竣工檢驗指合同規(guī)定的或由工程師與承包人另行商定的檢驗。這些檢驗是由承包人在業(yè)主接收工程或工程的任何部分之前進行的。qIf this Agreement is terminated for any reason whatsoever, all such drawings, transparencies, specification

26、s, and any other manufacturing or engineering information as are supplied by Party A, including all the copies thereof, shall be returned to Party A, and Party B shall cease to manufacture the said Licensed Products or Components, or parts of the Licensed Products. 如本協(xié)議因任何理由而終止，所有甲方提供的圖紙、圖片、規(guī)格以及其他全部

27、生產(chǎn)和操作資料，包括全部復(fù)制品，均返還甲方，同時，乙方應(yīng)停止生產(chǎn)上述許可證產(chǎn)品或部件或零件。措詞措詞thereof qThereafter: after that, 此后，之后qThereto：to that, 隨附，附之qTherewith: with that, 與此，與之qTherefor,: for that, 因之，為此qThereunder: under that, 在其下，依照措詞措詞thereafter, thereto, therewith, therefor, thereunder q“Contract Products” means the products specif

28、ied in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto. “合同產(chǎn)品”指本合同附件2中規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品及其改進和開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品。qThe Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable. 借款人未能支付根據(jù)該協(xié)議規(guī)定到期應(yīng)付的款項。qThe decision

29、and award of the arbitration tribunal shall be final, and judgment on the decision and award in question may, under the request of either party to the Contract, be made by any court having jurisdiction. The parties thereto shall, in good faith, comply with the decision and award of the arbitration t

30、ribunal. 仲裁庭的仲裁決定或裁決是終局性的，任何一方可以要求任何有管轄權(quán)的法院對此做出司法判決。雙方須以良好的誠信態(tài)度遵守仲裁庭的決定。措詞措詞thereafter, thereto, therewith, therefor, thereunder qWhareas: considering that, 鑒于，就而論。常用于合同協(xié)議書的開頭段落以引出合同雙方訂立合同的理由或依據(jù)。qWhereas Party B has the right and agrees to grant Party A the rights to use, manufacture and sell the Co

31、ntract Products of Patented Technology;qWhereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products;qThe Representatives authorized by the Parties to this Contract have, through friendly negotiation, agreed to enter into this Contract under the ter

32、ms, conditions and provisions specified as follows:q鑒于乙方有權(quán)并同意將專利技術(shù)的合同產(chǎn)品使用權(quán)、制造權(quán)和銷售權(quán)授予甲方；q鑒于甲方希望利用乙方的專利技術(shù)制造并銷售合同產(chǎn)品；q雙方授權(quán)代表經(jīng)友好協(xié)商，同意就以下條款簽訂本合同：措詞措詞whereas qWhareby: by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions, 憑此協(xié)議，憑此條款。常用于合同協(xié)議書中以引出合同當(dāng)事人應(yīng)承擔(dān)的主要合同義務(wù)。qA sales contract refers to a contract where

33、by the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object. 買賣合同是出賣人轉(zhuǎn)讓標(biāo)的物的所有權(quán)于買受人，買受人支付價款的合同。qA contract for supply and use of electricity refers to a contract whereby the supplier of electricity supplies electricity to the user of electricity, and th

34、e user of electricity pays the electric fee. 供用電合同是供電人向用電人供電，用電人支付電費的合同。措詞措詞whereby qnotwithstanding: prep. In spit of 盡管；adv. Nevertheless 仍然。比although正式。qThe Works shall be measured net, notwithstanding any general or local custom, except where otherwise provided for in the contract. 無論通常的和當(dāng)?shù)氐牧?xí)慣如何

35、，工程計量應(yīng)該計算凈值，但合同另有規(guī)定的除外。qNotwithstanding the provisions of this Clause or any other Clause of the Contract, no payment certificates shall be issued by the Engineer until the performance security is submitted by the Contractor under the Contract and approved by the Employer. 盡管有本條款或任何其它合同條款的規(guī)定，在承包人提交履

36、約保證并經(jīng)業(yè)主批準之前，工程師不對任何支付款開具證書。措詞措詞notwithstanding q在合同等法律文件中，表示強制性承擔(dān)法律或合同義務(wù)，如表示“應(yīng)該”或“必須”做某事時，應(yīng)用“shall”，而決不能用“must”或“ should”。q在表示“應(yīng)該”或“必須” 時，有時也可以用will，但力度要比shall弱。qShould在法律文件中往往用作if, 只表示“如果”之意。qThe board meeting shall be called and presided over by the Chairman. Should the Chairman be absent, the vic

37、e-Chairmen shall, in principle, call and preside over the board meeting. 董事會應(yīng)由董事長召集并主持，若董事長缺席，原則上應(yīng)由副董事長召集主持。措詞措詞shall qUnless otherwise: 除非。比if not 和 otherwise 正式。qUnless otherwise expressly specified in the Contract, the Engineer shall have no authority to relieve the Contractor of any of his oblig

38、ations under the Contract. 除非在合同中明確規(guī)定，工程師無權(quán)解除合同規(guī)定的承包人的任何義務(wù)。qUnless otherwise specified in the credit, banks will accept transport documents indicating the third party other than the beneficiary of the credit as the consignor of the goods. 除非信用證另有規(guī)定，銀行將接受表明以信用證受益人以外的第三者作為發(fā)貨人的運輸單據(jù)。短語與詞組短語與詞組unless oth

39、erwise qOn the FOB basis, the Buyer shall book shipping space in accordance with the date of shipment specified in the Contract. 按照FOB條款，由買方負責(zé)根據(jù)合同規(guī)定的裝運日期預(yù)定艙位。qWhen, under the laws and approval from the relevant authorities, a limited liability company is converted into a company limited by shares, t

40、he total amount which shares are converted into shall be equivalent to the amount of the companys net assets. 有限責(zé)任公司依法經(jīng)批準更為股份有限公司時，折合的股份總額應(yīng)當(dāng)相當(dāng)于公司的凈資產(chǎn)額。短語與詞組短語與詞組in accordance with, under, pursuant to: 根據(jù)，依照根據(jù)，依照 q比about, concerning, as regards 正式。qIn respect thereof 在表示關(guān)于上文已提及的事項時使用。qThe contractor

41、has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement. 承包人已在其最終報告中，包括了對此事的索賠。qBank charges in respect of transfers are payable by the first beneficiary unless otherwise specified by the bank. The transferring bank shall have no obligations to effect the transfer until such charges are paid.

42、 除非銀行另有規(guī)定，有關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)讓的銀行費用應(yīng)由第一受益人支付。在該費用付清之前，轉(zhuǎn)讓行無辦理轉(zhuǎn)讓的義務(wù)。短語與詞組短語與詞組in respect of, in respect thereof: 關(guān)于關(guān)于 qIn the event that either party hereto fails to comply with the terms or conditions of this Agreement, and , within 90 days after the written notice is issued by the other Party hereto, fails to remed

43、y such failure, the Party giving notice may, forthwith, notify the other Party of the matter in question and terminate this Agreement. 若任何一方未能履行本協(xié)議規(guī)定的條款或條件，并在收到另一方書面通知后90天內(nèi)未對其不履行進行補救，發(fā)出通知的一方可立即通知另一方終止本協(xié)議。qEither Party hereto may terminate this Agreement in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency o

44、f the other party. 本協(xié)議任何一方可以在對方破產(chǎn)或資不抵債的情況下終止本協(xié)議。短語與詞組短語與詞組in the event that, in the event of, 如果，如果如果，如果發(fā)生發(fā)生 q該詞組常用于在合同的某一條款中需要作進一步規(guī)定時，或在規(guī)定時語氣上表示轉(zhuǎn)折時。qThe Engineer may exercise such authority as is specified or necessarily implied in the Contract. Provided that if, under the terms and conditions of t

45、he appointment by the Employer, the Engineer shall be required to obtain the specific approval of the Employer before exercising any such authority, the details of the requirements in question shall be specified in the Contract. 工程師可行使合同中規(guī)定的或者合同中必然隱含的權(quán)力。 但是，如果根據(jù)業(yè)主任命工程師的條件，要求工程師在行使上述權(quán)力之前，應(yīng)得到業(yè)主的具體批準，則

46、此類要求的細節(jié)應(yīng)在本合同予以表明。短語與詞組短語與詞組provided that, 但規(guī)定，規(guī)定；但是但規(guī)定，規(guī)定；但是 q正式用語，比be believed, be considered 正式。qIn the absence of such indication, the Credit shall be deemed to be revocable. 如無該項表示，信用證應(yīng)視為可以撤消的。qOnly the Defects Liability Certificate referred to in Clause 62, shall be deemed to constitute approva

47、l of the Works. 只有第62條規(guī)定中的缺陷責(zé)任書才能視為構(gòu)成對工程的批準。短語與詞組短語與詞組be deemed, 被認為被認為 qIn case the quality, quantity, weight of the goods are not in conformity with the provisions of the Contract after arrival of the goods at the port of destination, the Buyer may, under survey report issued by an inspection orga

48、nization agreed by the partiers thereto, lodge claim with the Seller, with the exception, however, of those claims for which the insurance company and/or the shipping company shall be responsible. 在貨物運抵目的港后，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物質(zhì)量、數(shù)量或重量與合同規(guī)定的不符，買方可以根據(jù)雙方同意的檢驗組織出具的檢驗證書，向賣方索賠。但是，應(yīng)由保險公司或航運公司負責(zé)的損失除外。短語與詞組短語與詞組in case,

49、in (the) case of,如果，有如果，有“一旦，萬一一旦，萬一”的意思的意思qBe liable for sth; be liable to sb.: be responsible in accordance with law. 應(yīng)負有責(zé)任。qParty A shall not, under this guarantee, be liable for any direct or indirect loss whatsoever arising out of any defect in the parts or components thereof. 根據(jù)本擔(dān)保，甲方不應(yīng)承擔(dān)因零部件缺

50、陷而引起的任何直接或間接損失的賠償責(zé)任。qA company may invest in other limited liability companies or companies limited by shares and be liable to the companies which it has invested in to the extent of the amount of capital invested in such companies. 公司可以向其他有限責(zé)任公司或股份有限公司投資，并以該出資額為限對所投資公司承擔(dān)責(zé)任。短語與詞組短語與詞組be liable for,

51、be liable toqIn Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof, 以此為證，特立此證q作為正式性的體現(xiàn)，該短語常常在合同結(jié)尾條款中使用，以鄭重其事，重申合同的嚴肅性、重要性；在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上起到承前啟后的作用，以引出結(jié)語。qIn Testimony Whereof, this Contract shall come into effect after the Contract in question is made and signed by the Parties hereto in duplicate, and either Party will h

52、old one copy. 本合同由雙方代表簽字后生效，一式兩份，雙方各執(zhí)一份。qIn Testimony Whereof, the parties hereto have respectively caused this document to be made and executed in duplicate, as of the day and year first written above. 本文件一式兩份，由本合同雙方分別于上面所訂日期訂立，特此為證。qIn Testimony Whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this agreeme

53、nt to be duly made and executed as of the day and year first written above. 雙方于協(xié)議文首所訂日期，正式簽署本合同，特此為證。短語與詞組短語與詞組in Testimony WhereofqIn Testimony Whereof: in Witness Whereof, 以此為證，特立此證q作為正式性的體現(xiàn)，該短語常常在合同結(jié)尾條款中使用，以鄭重其事，重申合同的嚴肅性、重要性；在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上起到承前啟后的作用，以引出結(jié)語。qIn Testimony Whereof, this Contract shall come in

54、to effect after the Contract in question is made and signed by the Parties hereto in duplicate, and either Party will hold one copy. 本合同由雙方代表簽字后生效，一式兩份，雙方各執(zhí)一份。qIn Testimony Whereof, the parties hereto have respectively caused this document to be made and executed in duplicate, as of the day and year

55、 first written above. 本文件一式兩份，由本合同雙方分別于上面所訂日期訂立，特此為證。qIn Testimony Whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this agreement to be duly made and executed as of the day and year first written above. 雙方于協(xié)議文首所訂日期，正式簽署本合同，特此為證。短語與詞組短語與詞組in Testimony WhereofqKnow All Men by these presents: 根據(jù)本文件， 特此宣布。qUnde

56、signed: 法律文件末尾的簽名者，前面加定冠詞the，是指文件簽署者的自稱。qNow Therefore: 特此，因此等。qKNOW ALL MEN by there presents that we (banks name) having our registered office at *(hereinafter called “the Bank”) will be bound unto (the Owners name) (hereinafter called “the Owner”) in the sum of *for payment well and truly to be m

57、ade to the said Owner, and the Bank will bind itself, its successors and assigns by these presents. 根據(jù)本文件，茲宣布，我行（銀行名稱），其注冊地點在（注冊地名）（以下稱銀行），向（業(yè)主名稱）（以下稱業(yè)主）立約擔(dān)保支付（金額數(shù)）的保證金。本保證書對銀行及其繼承人和受讓人均具有約束力。qThe undersigned Seller and Buyer have agreed to close the following transaction in accordance with the term

58、s and conditions stipulated as follows: 茲經(jīng)簽約的買賣雙方同意，按下列條款，達成這筆交易。短語與詞組短語與詞組-Know All Men by there presents, undersigned, Now Thereforeq國際經(jīng)濟合同文件及其法律文件中的英文句子具有結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹、句式較長的特點。q為了做到準確、嚴密、清楚、易解，這類英文句子的結(jié)構(gòu)有其自己的一定規(guī)則，較典型的就是狀語的位置。句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)q一般應(yīng)放在shall, may等情態(tài)助動詞之后，行為動詞之前。qA listed company shall, pursuant to laws

59、and administrative regulations, make public periodically its financial and operational conditions. The listed company shall, in each fiscal year, publish its financial statements once every six months. 上市公司必須按照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定，定期公開財務(wù)狀況和經(jīng)營情況，在每會計年度內(nèi)半年公布一次財務(wù)會計報告。qA foreign company may, pursuant to this law,

60、 establish branches within the Territory of China, and may engage in production and operational activities. 外國公司依照本法規(guī)定可以在中國境內(nèi)設(shè)立分支機構(gòu)，從事生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動。主句中狀語的位置主句中狀語的位置q如果法律文件中的句子為復(fù)合句，則從句中狀語的位置通常應(yīng)放在連詞if 或when等的后面，從句句子的前面。qIf, during the effective term of a takeover offer, the purchaser needs to alter any items