人教版初中英語過去進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)語法講解(共5頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語過去進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)語法講解(一）定義 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。（二）結(jié)構(gòu)    was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞）（三）用法1、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。常用的時(shí)間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：專心-專注-專業(yè)We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天

2、晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨?。What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么？My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥騎自行車的時(shí)候從車上摔下來，受傷了。It was raining when they left the station.他們離開車站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候，陽光燦爛。2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

3、可以表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。如：What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么？ (介詞短語表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))When I saw him he was decorating his room.當(dāng)我看見他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))3.  在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newsp

4、aper.他邊等車邊看報(bào)。 (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦車時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)4.  通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：誤：I was knowing the answer

5、. 正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。誤：I wasn't understanding him. 正：I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。典型例題：1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。同時(shí)，when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性，“瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)”提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asle

6、ep.A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意為"當(dāng)之時(shí)"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。句意為 "在她看報(bào)紙時(shí)，奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell (fall的過去時(shí))，是系動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick。（四）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別1一般過去時(shí)敘述舊事，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)描述背景。、一般過去時(shí)）敘述過去狀態(tài)、動(dòng)作或事件He went

7、to Beijing the other day.（帶具體時(shí)間）表示過去的習(xí)慣a) would ,used to與過去時(shí)would 表間斷性不規(guī)則的習(xí)慣，常帶頻率時(shí)間 used to 表一貫性有規(guī)律的習(xí)慣They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.He smoked a lot two years ago. （過去行為）b) Would 用于文中不用于句首，只表過去習(xí)慣。Used to 表今昔對(duì)比的含義，敘述習(xí)慣動(dòng)作可與would 換用。When he was a boy , he would often go

8、 there . （敘述過去）She isn't what she used to be. (今昔對(duì)比)c) 表示狀態(tài)時(shí)一般只用used to Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (狀態(tài))d) was (were) used to +ving表示“合適于，適應(yīng)于.”He used to work at night . (“習(xí)慣”表經(jīng)常)He was used to working at night. (習(xí)慣表適應(yīng))）表示過去的經(jīng)歷，平行動(dòng)作，依此事件用一般過去時(shí)。He sat there and listened

9、to the radio.(依此發(fā)生)）表示客氣委婉的語氣，用于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和want , wonder , hope 等How did you like the film? / Could you help me?B. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示在過去某階段或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (過去某時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生)短暫性動(dòng)詞用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、打算 During that time he was going with us.(表示打算)與always ,often ,usually 等連用表喜愛，討厭等感情色彩。He was alw

10、ays Changing his mind.2、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別A. 進(jìn)行時(shí)表某一行為的“片斷”一般時(shí)表示行為的“整體”和存在的狀態(tài)。I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完，“讀”的片段)I read the book yesterday. (已讀完，表整個(gè)“讀”)B、一般持續(xù)時(shí)間狀語多與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用It was raining all night.(優(yōu)先用was raining ,rained 為持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，故也可使用)He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暫動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)時(shí)間連用，

11、表反復(fù)，連續(xù)發(fā)生，不可用一般過去時(shí))C、while 時(shí)間狀語從句中用短暫動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用進(jìn)行時(shí)。例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.D、While 所在主從句動(dòng)作大致持續(xù)相等時(shí)主從句一般都用進(jìn)行時(shí)，但若是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞可都用一般過去時(shí)，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作一長(zhǎng)一短時(shí)短的用一般時(shí)，長(zhǎng)的用進(jìn)行時(shí)。I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.I saw him while I was wa

12、lking to the station.3、英語中有四類動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)（不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）1)表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞，如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用進(jìn)行時(shí)則詞意改變。Im forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )2)表存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等3)表感覺的動(dòng)詞，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等.4)表一時(shí)性的動(dòng)詞，如accept ,all

13、ow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。5、例題考題1 As she _the newspaper ,Granny _ asleep .(95)A. read /was falling B .was reading /fell C. Was reading /was falling D. read/fell分析 時(shí)間從句的動(dòng)作長(zhǎng)，而“入睡”動(dòng)作短，故前者用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而較短動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，選B考題2 Tom _ into the house when no one _ .A. slipped/was looking B. Had sl

14、ipped /looked C. slipped/had looked D. was slipping /looked分析 此題先要理解好when ，表“此時(shí)”，說明主句中slipped是較短行為，而look是較長(zhǎng)行為的片斷，即湯姆溜進(jìn)房子，此時(shí)沒人瞧見，故選A為正確。時(shí)態(tài)比較-過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí) 都強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事 進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，不一定完成 過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)事件，一定完成 p,s表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了 如：He played when I was studying. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)，兩者都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)

15、作,而一般過去時(shí)表示在過去時(shí)間完成的動(dòng)作例如: I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信(可能沒打完) I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信(已經(jīng)打完) 1、一般過時(shí)往往表示某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作在持續(xù)或未完成。 She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚給朋友寫了封信。 (信寫完了) She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在給朋友寫信。 (信不一定寫完) 2、

16、一般過去時(shí)表示只做一次動(dòng)作，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動(dòng)作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。 She waved to me. 她朝我揮了揮手。 3、句中有a moment ago之類的一般用一般過去時(shí)。 4、句中有at this time last Sunday, from 8 to 9 yesterday 之類的一般用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來代替一般過去時(shí)，表示更為偶然而非預(yù)定的動(dòng)作： I was talking to Tom the other day 那天我跟聊天來著。 這里的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)給人的印象是這一動(dòng)作既不特殊，也不引人注目。它同時(shí)還傾向于解除主語對(duì)于這一動(dòng)作所負(fù)的責(zé)任。句中誰先開口說話既不清楚，也無關(guān)緊

17、要。要注意它與一般過去時(shí)的差異： 注意：進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)只用于表示顯然是連續(xù)不斷的動(dòng)作。如果把動(dòng)作分割開，或者說出其發(fā)生的次數(shù)，就必須用一般過去時(shí)：I talked to Tom several times 我跟湯姆談過幾次話。 Tom washed both cars 湯姆把兩輛汽車都洗了。 當(dāng)然，看來是并行的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作可以都用進(jìn)行來表示： Between one and two I was doing the shopping and walking the dog一點(diǎn)到兩點(diǎn)之間我在購物、遛狗。 這樣用的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)通常和某些時(shí)間狀語如 today，last night，in the afternoon

18、連用。這些時(shí)間狀語可以看做是表示某一時(shí)刻，也可以看做是表示某一段時(shí)間。如上面例句所示，某一段時(shí)間也可以用確切的時(shí)間來表示。 如想問起一段時(shí)間怎樣度過時(shí)，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)要用比一般過去時(shí)顯得有禮貌： What were you doing before you came here？（你來這里之前做什么工作？）要比 What did you do be fore you came here？聽起來有禮貌。 另一方面， What were you doing in my room？（你在我的房間里干什么來著？）可能表示這樣一種情感：我認(rèn)為你沒有權(quán)利在我的屋子里。但 What did you do in my room？卻毫無這種含義。 不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞：hear,see,notice,feel,taste 表示態(tài)度感情的動(dòng)詞：like,love,hate 表心理狀態(tài)：feel,want,prefer 表占有：own,have, 表存在狀態(tài)和持續(xù)：look,owe,be when 和while的用法區(qū)別 兩者的區(qū)別如下： when是at or during the time that, 既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間； while是during the time that，只指一段時(shí)間，因此when引導(dǎo)的中的動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞