土壤學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上土 壤 學(xué) 專 業(yè) 詞 匯(一) 土壤礦物質(zhì) 固氮菌diazotroph礦物mineral (四)土壤理化性質(zhì)石英 quartz 土壤物理性質(zhì) soil physical properties 長(zhǎng)石 feldspar 質(zhì)地texture巖石 rock 粒組soil separate花崗巖 granite 砂質(zhì)sandy風(fēng)化(作用) weather 壤質(zhì)loam粘土clay(minerals) 粘質(zhì)clay母質(zhì)parent material /subsoil 粘重heavy蘇達(dá) soda 礫石gravel石灰lime 土壤結(jié)構(gòu)soil structure 土壤soil

2、團(tuán)粒granular土體solum 土壤孔隙系統(tǒng)soil pore system 云母 mica 孔隙度porosity(二) 土壤有機(jī)質(zhì) 土壤容重bulk density/apparent density 有機(jī)質(zhì) organic matter 土壤比重particle density 泥炭 peat 土壤濕度狀況soil temperature regime腐殖質(zhì)humus 土壤通氣性soil aeration凋落物 litter 土壤水 soil water林褥 forest floor 土壤濕度soil moisture 積累 accumulate/deposit 含水量soil moi

3、sture content 分解decomposition/decompose 水勢(shì)water potential 礦化 mineralization 毛細(xì)作用capillary (三) 土壤生物 土壤顏色soil color 土壤生物體 soil organism 蒙塞爾土壤色卡 土壤動(dòng)物(區(qū)系) soil fauna Munsell Soil Color Chart 細(xì)菌 bacteria 土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì) 真菌 fungi (pl of fungus) soil chemistry properties 藻類algae 氧化-還原(作用) oxidation-reduction 土壤植物(區(qū)

4、系)soil microflora 膠體colloid 蚯蚓 earthworm 吸附 adsorption 蟻 ant 陽(yáng)離子交換量 螨 mite cation exchange capacity 根際 the rhizosphere 陰離子交換anion exchange 根瘤root nodule/root tubercle 鹽基飽和度salt base percentage/ 菌根mycorhiza base -saturation percentage 土壤酶soil enzyme 土壤反應(yīng)(pH) soil reaction(pH) 酸性acid 不完全性肥料 incomplete

5、 fertilizer 酸度acidity 廄肥stable manure(長(zhǎng)效肥料)堿化alkalinization 糞便excrement堿性的alkaline(堿土) 鳥糞guano /gwa:neu/堿度alkalinity 骨粉bone meal(六)養(yǎng)分、肥料及肥力 堆（漚）制（作堆肥）compost土壤養(yǎng)分 soil nutrient essential (要素) 草皮turf必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素nutrient element 草炭peat大量元素macro-element 草木灰ash微量元素 micro-/trace element 石灰lime氮 nitrogen 石膏gypsu

6、m水解氮 hydrolysable nitrogen 硝酸鹽肥料nitrate硝態(tài)氮 nitrate nitrogen 過磷酸鹽肥料superphosphate氨態(tài)氮 ammonium nitrogen 鉀鹽肥料kainite磷phosphorus （七）土壤發(fā)生與分布分類有效磷available phosphorus 風(fēng)化作用weathering鉀potassium 土壤發(fā)育（發(fā)生）鈣calcium pedogenesis/soil development/genesis/formation 鎂magnesium 土壤發(fā)生因素factor of soil development 硫sulph

7、ur 土壤發(fā)育過程processes of 鐵iron 淋溶（作用）leaching/eluviation鋁aluminium 沉積 deposit 錳 manganese 淀積illuviate(soil 專用)土壤養(yǎng)分供應(yīng)soil nutrient supply 沉淀（沉降）precipitation土壤肥力soil fertility （水）飽和saturate肥料fertilizer or manure 還原（條件）reduction or reducing condition 施肥 fertilization or manure 潛育 gleys吸收absorption or upt

8、ake 好氣條件aerobics（pl） （condition）空中施肥（飛機(jī)）aerial fertilization 累積accumulation葉面施肥foliar fertilization 富集（積）enrichment/concentration缺乏deficiency 銹斑 mottling 缺氮 nitrogen deficiency 雜色的、斑駁的mottled缺鉀 potassium deficiency 過濾percolate 肥料（施肥）效果response to /effect of fertilizer 土壤剖面soil profile土壤植物診斷soil and

9、plant diagnosis 剖面發(fā)育profile development可見癥狀visual symptom 發(fā)生層horizon（layer）化肥fertilizer 有機(jī)質(zhì)層organic layer 完全性肥料complete fertilizer 腐殖質(zhì)層humus layer 綠肥（作物）green-mature crops 礦質(zhì)土層mineral horizon A、B、C層A、B、C horizon 土地經(jīng)營(yíng)land management淋溶層eluvial horizon 地力分級(jí)land classification淀積層illuvial horizon 立地 site

10、 潛育層gleying horizon 立地指數(shù)site index土壤分布soil distribution 深翻ripping地帶性土壤zonal soils 松土scarifying /ai/非地帶性土壤（在內(nèi)）intrazonal soil 土壤改良soil reclamation/improvement土壤帶soil stripes /ai/ 土壤保持soil conservation土壤復(fù)域soil complex 荒地virgin land土壤分類soil classification 開荒reclamation 土壤分類系統(tǒng)soil taxonomy/ksc/ or syste

11、m工程防治（水保）mechanical control診斷層diagnostic horizon 生物防治（水保）biological control分類單元categories 溝渠clinch土綱 soil order （九）地質(zhì)地貌 土類 great group 風(fēng)化殘?jiān)黵esidue n.亞類 group （subgroup） 殘積土residual soil淋溶土 Alfisols 底土subsoil旱成土 Aridisols 沉積物 deposit sediment 新成土Entisols 沖積物alluvial material有機(jī)土Histosols 沖積砂fluvial sa

12、nd始成土Inceptisols 沖積土 alluvial soil 軟土 Mollisols 冰川glacier氧化土 Oxisols 凍土glacial soil灰土（灰壤）Spodosols 松散巖石(母質(zhì))unconsolidated rocks老成土Ultsols 非破碎巖石uncrambled rocks變性土Vertisols 山脈mountain range暗棕壤Dark Brown Forest Soil 山脊(山嶺)mountain ridge草甸土Meadow soil 坡地slope沼澤土Bog soil 坡度falling gradient /ei/石質(zhì)土Lithos

13、ol soil 陡 steep 緩gentle（八）土壤管理 分水嶺water shed耕作cultivate or tillage 谷地valley灌溉irrigation 盆地basin排水drain （n、-age） 洼地low land or depression or loblolly放牧pasture 平原plain 泥坑集約（精耕）intensive 平地flat land肥力保持maintain soil fertility 沙丘 dune /ju:/輪作crop rotation 漫灘(泛濕地)floor plain 排污waste discharge 山洪torrent 沼

14、澤(泥沼)marsh/swamp/bog 污水凈化sewage purification人為攪動(dòng)土disturbed soil 爛泥sludges(十)土壤環(huán)境學(xué)問題 （化學(xué)）組成composition旱化drought or xeric 微生物轉(zhuǎn)化microbiological transformation水淹flood or overflow 中毒水平toxic level侵蝕erosion 農(nóng)藥污染pesticide pollution可蝕性 erodibility 殺蟲劑pesticide生荒的virgin 殺菌劑 細(xì)菌bactericide 真菌 fungicide 精耕的(集約)i

15、ntensive 除草劑herbicide開墾reclamation 殘留residue 土壤改良soil improvement or amelioration/I：/or amendment 降解、凈化degradation v. -de硬化(板結(jié))compact 富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化eutrophia水利water conservancy 生物富集biotic-enrichment/beneficiation水土保持soil and water conservation 放射性物質(zhì)（廢物）radioactive wastes 廢氣discharge or effluent gas 廢水sewage/

16、effluent/waste water土壤污染soil pollution /contamination廢渣fag end/waste slag/industrial sediment or waste 重金屬heavy metal 工業(yè)三廢three industrial waste元素element 環(huán)境保護(hù)environmental protection環(huán)境背景值(本底值)background levels環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)environmental monitoring汞mercury 環(huán)境危害environmental hazard鎘cadmium 環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn) - standard/crite

17、ria（評(píng)價(jià)）鉛lead 環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)- criticize/assayment/evaluate污水 下水道sewage ；工業(yè)effluents 污水凈化sewage purification污灌sewage farm 污染生物指數(shù)boitic index of pollution二氧化硫sulfur dioxide/daieksaid/ （十一）土壤分析常用詞酸雨acid rain /precipitation 消化 digestion大氣沉降atmospheric deposition（fallout）稀釋 dilution環(huán)境污染物environmental pollutant 萃取 extraction危害(危險(xiǎn))hazard 萃取劑extractant（劑）extract（物）劇毒highly toxic 滲透 osmosis毒害、毒物poison 滲漏 percolation濃縮、富集enrichment/concentrate 擴(kuò)散diffusion工業(yè)廢物（殘?jiān)﹊ndustrial sediment 過濾filter廢物處理waste disposal 分析analysis 測(cè)定determination 有機(jī)-無機(jī)復(fù)合物organic and inorganic compound or complex原子吸收光譜 atomic absorption sp