（推薦）初高中常見的英語時(shí)態(tài)

1、1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 用動(dòng)詞原形2 一般過去時(shí) 用動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)3 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) be + ving4 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were + ving 5 一般將來時(shí) will + 動(dòng)詞原形 或 be going to +動(dòng)詞原形6 過去將來時(shí) would + 動(dòng)詞原形 或 was/were going to +動(dòng)詞原形7 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has + v過去分詞 8 過去完成時(shí) had + v過去分詞 9 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) have/has been + ving10 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) had been + ving11 一般將來進(jìn)行時(shí) will be + ving12 過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí) would be +

2、 ving13 將來完成時(shí) will have + v過去分詞14 過去將來完成時(shí) would have + v過去分詞 15 將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí) will have been + ving16 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí) would have been + vingIf you dont _take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret(后悔) later in the day. if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)In England, you can also have summer in winter, _and

3、0; have winter in summer.分析前后兩分句，它們之間僅是并列關(guān)系The weather gets a little_ cold只有a little可以用來修飾形容詞few; a few,因?yàn)樗鼈冃揎椏蓴?shù)名詞There are few students in the classroom after class.否定，沒有幾個(gè)學(xué)生a great deal of =much只修飾不可數(shù)名詞you can experience(經(jīng)歷) four seasons in _one_ day. one表示“不定的、隨意的”     &#

4、160;      一般過去時(shí)/時(shí)間狀語從句An accident happened to little Tom when he was riding in the street.  一般過去時(shí)Sarry's father went fishing last weekend.  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Michael and his wife are watching an exciting TV program.Many young people are thinking about buying

5、private cars.   Shirley is speaking to Simon about saving the earth.    Tom and Jack are flying kites happily in the parkThe blind man is trying to cross the road. Let' go and help him.  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Jack has got a cold and is making a phone call to his docto

6、r in the bed.                     一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Students clean their classroom after school every day.Peter, time for breakfast. We have eggs, cakes and milk today.Little Mary has to play the violin for t

7、wo hours every day.  條件從句If you don't know the word, why not look it up in the dictionary?          It 結(jié)構(gòu)It's my first time to take a trip by ship.     祈使句Mike, time for bed. Turn off the TV.  系表結(jié)構(gòu)

8、Children are happy to see the heavy snow.  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Look, the students are planting trees.       情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(否定)Tony, you mustn't drive so fast. It's too dangerous. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)  1. “I _forget_ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _forgot&#

9、160;  _ to bring my phone book.”【分析】仔細(xì)體會(huì)一下對(duì)話的語境：第一個(gè)人說“我忘記他的電話號(hào)碼了”，這個(gè)“忘記”應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在的情況，即現(xiàn)在忘記了，要不然就沒有必要同對(duì)方說此話了，故第一空應(yīng)填 forget；第二個(gè)人說“我有他的號(hào)碼，但我忘記帶電話本了”，這個(gè)“忘記”應(yīng)該是過去的情況，即過去忘記帶電話本，所以現(xiàn)在電話本不在身上（注意句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but），故第二空應(yīng)填 forgot，    Oh, I _forget_ where he lives.    Dont you carry

10、 your address book？    No, I _forgot _ to bring it.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)       2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _ was     too busy.      【分析】前一句謂語用had hoped，表示的是過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算，可以譯為“本想”，而后一句說“我太忙”，這是陳述過去的

11、一個(gè)事實(shí)，所以要用一般過去時(shí)。    （1） We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _found  _ it was gone.    （2） We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _didnt  _.    （3） We had wanted to come to see him, but we _ had  _ no t

12、ime.  （4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone _ called_ and I couldnt get away.    （5） The traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday, but the driver _was_ really careless.    3. Dear me！ Just _look,_ at the time！ I _had_

13、no idea it was so late.       【分析】第一空應(yīng)填 look, 因?yàn)檫@是祈使句的謂語；第二空應(yīng)填 had，因?yàn)榍耙痪湔f“看看時(shí)間吧”，這一看當(dāng)然知道了現(xiàn)在很遲的情形，“不知道這么遲了”顯然應(yīng)是“過去”的事，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，    4. “Your phone number again？ I _ didnt _ quite catch it.” “Its 4331577”    【分析】根據(jù)上文的語境“請(qǐng)把你的電話號(hào)碼再說一遍好嗎？”可知“沒聽清

14、對(duì)方的電話號(hào)碼”應(yīng)是在說此話以前，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。    （1） “Mr Smith isnt coming tonight.” “ But he _promised_.”    他答應(yīng)（要來）”應(yīng)發(fā)生在過去。    （2） “Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, Im terribly sorry. _I wasnt noticing_.”  我沒注意”是對(duì)方提醒之前的事，現(xiàn)經(jīng)對(duì)方一提醒，當(dāng)然注意到了。    （3

15、） “Oh its you！ I _didnt recognize _ you.” “Ive had my hair cut.”沒認(rèn)出是你”是說此話之前的事，說此話時(shí)顯然已經(jīng)認(rèn)出了對(duì)方。    （4） “Whats her new telephone number？” “Oh, I _forget _.”從語境上看，“忘記”的時(shí)間應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在，即指現(xiàn)在不記得了。    （5） “Since youve agreed to go, why arent you getting ready？” “But I _didnt r

16、ealize_ that you would have me start at once.”  沒意識(shí)到是對(duì)方提醒之前的事。    （6） “Its twelve oclock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really？ I _didnt realize_ it at all.”“沒意識(shí)到”是在聽到的話之前的事。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)5. Mr Smith _was writing_ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finis

17、hed it. 這是由 but I dont know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語境決定的，全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫一本書，但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫完了”。wrote，句子前半部分的意思則變?yōu)椤笆访芩瓜壬ツ陮懥艘槐緯保热皇恰皩懥恕?，那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫完了”相矛盾。    6. He has changed a lot. He _is_ not what he _was   _.    上文說“他”變化很大，即“他”現(xiàn)在不是過去的

18、那個(gè)樣子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其實(shí)第二空也可用 used to be）。 “What place is it？” “Havent you found out we _ are_ back where we _were_？”    We are back where we were 的意思是“我們（現(xiàn)在）又回到剛才來過的地方”。    7. He is very busy. I dont know if he _will come  _ or not tomorrow.  

19、;  【分析】句中if引導(dǎo)的不是條件狀語從句（即if如果），而是賓語從句（即if是否），句意為“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否會(huì)來?！?#160;   （1） I dont know if she _will come_, but if she _comes_ I will let you know.第一個(gè) if 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，第二個(gè) if 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句。 （2） “When _will_ he come？” “I dont know, but when he _comes_, Ill tell you.”  第一個(gè) when 疑問副詞

20、，用于引出一個(gè)特殊疑問句；第二個(gè) when是從屬連詞，用于引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。    （3） “When he _will come_ is not known yet.” “But when he _comes_, he will be warmly welcomed.” 第一個(gè) when 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，第二個(gè) when引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句。    8. The bridge, which _dates from         &

21、#160; _ 1688, needs repairing.        【分析】因?yàn)?date from 的意思是“自某時(shí)起存在至今”（have existed since），它通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不用過去時(shí)態(tài)（盡管其后接的總是表示過去的時(shí)間）。如：    The church dates from 1176. 這座教堂是六世紀(jì)建的。    The castle dates from the 14th century. 這座城堡是14世紀(jì)建的。 &#

22、160;  但若所談?wù)摰臇|西現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在，則可用一般過去時(shí)。如：    The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.  那座教堂是13世紀(jì)建成的，兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。    注：與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類似用法。一般將來時(shí)態(tài)    9. “Youve left the light on.” “Oh, s

23、o I have. _Ill go    _ and turn it off.”因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)上下文的語境來看，“我去把燈關(guān)掉”這一行為是說話人聽了對(duì)方的話后臨時(shí)想到的，而不是事先準(zhǔn)備的。而按英語習(xí)慣：will 和 be going to后接動(dòng)詞原形均可表示意圖，但意圖有強(qiáng)弱之分，如果是事先考慮過的意圖，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考慮過的，而是說話時(shí)刻才臨時(shí)想到的意圖，則用 will.   will的用法  “Ive come out without any money.” “Never mind, I

24、will lend you some.” “我出來沒帶錢?！薄皼]關(guān)系，我借給你。”（句中用will lend，表示“借”錢給對(duì)方是臨時(shí)想到的，即聽了對(duì)方的話后臨時(shí)作出的反應(yīng)） be going to do的用法Ive bought a typewriter and Im going to learn to type. 我買了臺(tái)打字機(jī)，我想學(xué)打字。（句中用 be going to learn to type，表示說話人要學(xué)打字是事先準(zhǔn)備的，并為此買了臺(tái)打字機(jī)）      語態(tài)語態(tài)定義：英語中表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式稱為語態(tài)。英

25、語的語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主動(dòng)) English is taught in our school .（被動(dòng)）2被動(dòng)語態(tài)：助動(dòng)詞Be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（be +p.p.），be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。時(shí) 態(tài)        謂語動(dòng)詞的形式             

26、;              例子一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am / is / are + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞        Colour TVs are made in the factory .一般過去時(shí) Was / were +動(dòng)詞過去分詞            My hometown was

27、 liberated in 1949 .一般將來時(shí) Shall / will + be +動(dòng)詞過去分詞        The film will be shown again .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) Am / is / are + being +動(dòng)詞過去分詞    The walls are being painted .過去進(jìn)行時(shí) Was / were +being動(dòng)詞過去分詞       The tickets were being well

28、 sold then .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Has / have + been + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞     A new road has been built here .過去完成時(shí) Had + been +動(dòng)詞過去分詞         Much had been done before mother came back含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞過去分詞 The composition must be handed in today .3 被動(dòng)語態(tài)中值得注意的問題：1 帶

29、有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞，可以把任何一個(gè)賓語變被動(dòng)，一般在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。My father gave me a book . I was given a book by my father .A book was given to me by my father .2 英語中有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The cloth washes well . This kind of bags sells well.  The shoes wear long. The knife cuts well . The pen writes smoothly . Th

30、is coat lasts long .3 在英語中有時(shí)“be + V-ed”結(jié)構(gòu)并不是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，而是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The mountains were covered with snow .4 在“主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，要補(bǔ)留賓語補(bǔ)足語。We found the door broken. 賓語補(bǔ)足語The door was found broken.賓語補(bǔ)足語5 賓語補(bǔ)足語為省to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后，要還原to。He made me laugh.  I was made to laugh .6 如果短語動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但不能遺漏所含的介詞或副詞。Th

31、e nurse looked after the baby . The baby was looked after by the nurse . We must make up for the lessons we missed. The lessons we missed must be made up for .7 下列情況不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：A 不及物動(dòng)詞： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .B 連系動(dòng)詞： The girl looks like her sister .C 賓語為反身代詞：He always

32、dresses himself neatly .英音：'ni:tli整潔地,干凈地D 賓語為相互代詞：The students often help each other .E 同源賓語：At that time, they lived a happy life .F 表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞：I have a new car.                      &#

33、160;                    The book costs me 30 yuan .（十二）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：過去將來時(shí) 從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 should / would + 動(dòng)詞原形was / were going to 動(dòng)詞原形was / were to + 動(dòng)詞原形was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形was / were + 動(dòng)詞ing 通常在賓語從句中出現(xiàn)，主

34、句為過去時(shí)He said (that) he would go to Maoming the next day .She told me (that) she was moving to France in two days . 句子*句子的成分1定義：組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分，即：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語都是謂語里的組成部分。主 語： 表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。 Lucy is an American girl .We study in No.1 M

35、iddle School .謂 語：說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）用動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”兩方面必須一致 We love China . / She is singing .Mike hopes to be a doctor . / His parents are farmers .表 語：說明主語是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。 Her aunt is a driver . / Are you ready ?We were at home last night .賓 語：表示動(dòng)

36、詞、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語等充當(dāng)，和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么。 He often helps me . / We study English at school.Did you see him yesterday ?定 語：用來修飾名詞或代詞。作定語的除形容詞外，還有代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。 The black bike is mine. / Whats your name, please ?We have four lessons in the morning ?狀語：用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式

37、、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語等來表示。 People are all working hard.     / It is very nice.  We had a meeting this afternoon .賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。這類詞有：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let等。 He made me very angry.    

38、    I find him a good boy .*句子的種類1英語中按使用目的或功用分為四類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。A陳述句。1 陳述句說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一個(gè)人的看法。陳述句分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句兩種。a陳述句的肯定式。I have already posted the photos. / They are students. / I must go now . / He was reading a book at 8:00 last night.b陳述句的否定形式。（1）謂語動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞be, 助動(dòng)詞have, will, shal

39、l, be或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只須在其后面加not構(gòu)成否定句。She isnt a student . / He hasnt been to the Great Wall . / I can not swim . / You will not go there tomorrow. / They arent sleeping .（2）若謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加上do not，第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)用does not，過去時(shí)用did not。   He didnt send me an invitation .（3）由具有否定含義的詞never, nobody, har

40、dly, little, dislike, seldom, few, tooto等構(gòu)成的否定句。Not all the books in our school library can be renewed .B. 疑問句。1 疑問句提出問題。英語中有四種疑問句：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。a一般疑問句：以一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞be或have開始，語調(diào)為升調(diào)，通常要求以yes或no回答的疑問句。（1）一般疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Be動(dòng)詞(is, am, are, was, were)+主語+表語？Have動(dòng)詞(表示“有”：have, has, had)+主語+賓語？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(c

41、an, may, must等)+主語+行為動(dòng)詞或be?助動(dòng)詞(do, does, did)+主語+行為動(dòng)詞？助動(dòng)詞(shall, will, have, has)+主語+行為動(dòng)詞？（2）否定形式的疑問句，通常把助動(dòng)詞與not縮寫，放在句首。構(gòu)成回答：Arent you a student? Yes, I am .(不，我是) No, I am not .(對(duì)，我不是)b特殊疑問句：以疑問代詞who, what, whom, whose, which或疑問副詞when, where, why, how開頭（1）如果疑問詞在句中作主語或其修飾主語時(shí)，其語序如陳述句。Who is on duty t

42、oday ? / Which book is yours .（2）如果疑問詞在句中不作主語或其修飾主語，用“疑問詞一般疑問句”形式。Where have you been ?c選擇疑問句：提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，供回答者選擇，并由or連用，但不能用Yes或no 來回答（1）疑問句選擇成分1or選擇成分2？Do you want coffee or cocoa ? / Are you an Englishman or an American ?（2）特殊問句選擇答案1or選擇答案2？who runs fast, Tom , Mary or Li lei .時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成表（以play為例） 

43、;一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在 playisplayinghasplayedhasbeen playingplaysamhavehave過去 played wasplayinghad played had been playing were將來 shallplayshallbe playingshallhave playedshallhave been playingwillwillwillwill          

44、60; 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 否定句 主語+be not +其他 疑問句 Be+主語+其他 或: 肯定句 主語+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 ( 第三人稱單數(shù)作主語動(dòng)詞要加"s" ) 否定句 主語+don't+動(dòng)詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)作主語don't改為doesn't) 疑問句 DO+主語+動(dòng)詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數(shù)作主語do改為doess) 關(guān)鍵詞: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday afternoon,

45、at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等. 注:在時(shí)間壯語從句,條件壯語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí),這時(shí)一般從 句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主句用將來時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語+be +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 否定句 主語+be not+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 疑問句 Be +主語+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:now, right now, at the moment, It's+幾點(diǎn)鐘等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示語. 一般將來時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu)

46、: 肯定句 主語+will+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 否定句 主語+will not +動(dòng)詞原型+其他 疑問句 Will +主語+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 (will 可改為be going to ,當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時(shí)will可用shall) 關(guān)鍵詞:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year, at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, i

47、n a few days' time, in the future 等. 一般過去時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語+be(was,were)+其他 否定句 主語+be not+其他 疑問句 Be+主語+其他 或: 肯定句 主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式+其他 否定句 主語+did not+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 疑問句 Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term, 一段時(shí)間+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January

48、 1st,2004, in the 1980s等. Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語+was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 否定句 主語+was/were not +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 疑問句 Was/Were + 主語+ 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:具體時(shí)間+過去的時(shí)間壯語 如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at this time last Sunday等. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu):肯定句 主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其

49、他(第三人稱單數(shù)用has) 否定句 主語+have/has not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他 疑問句 Have/Has + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他 關(guān)鍵詞:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段時(shí)間,since+過去的 時(shí)間或過去時(shí)從句.或this year alone"今年以來",these five years alone"這五年 以來",in the last ten years "在過去的十年中"等. 過去將來時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語+ would+ 動(dòng)詞原型

50、+其他 否定句 主語+ would not + 動(dòng)詞原型+ 其他 疑問句 Would+主語+動(dòng)詞原型+其他 (would可改為was/were going to ,主語第一人稱時(shí)would可用should) 過去將來時(shí)主要用在賓語從句中. 過去完成時(shí): 句子結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定句 主語+had + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他 否定句 主語+had not +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他 疑問句 Had+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他 a關(guān)鍵詞:by+過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn) 如:by last year, by the end of+過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn) 如: by the end of last year, before+過去某一時(shí)

51、間點(diǎn),by the time +從句,或賓語從 句中. 最后,請(qǐng)記住: It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, I'm sure it will be all right. 這不是世界末日,試著往事情好的方面看,我確認(rèn)一切都會(huì)好起來.時(shí)態(tài)講解 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于： 1 、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 e.g. It seldom snows here. 2 、表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。 e.g. He is always ready to help others. 3 、普遍真理

52、。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words. 4 、劇情圖片介紹，背景說明，動(dòng)作解說。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table) Doctor ： What's your trouble, young man? Tom ： I've caught a cold, doctor. 5 、時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式狀語從句表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)。 e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains. 與這種時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常有： alway

53、s, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。 二、一般過去時(shí)主要用于： 1 、表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況（包括習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)） e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days. 2 、談到過去的情況時(shí) e.g. I didn't know you were so busy. 3 、談到已死人的情況時(shí) e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter. 與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常

54、有： yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間。 三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要用于： 1 、表示到現(xiàn)在為止這一時(shí)期中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，即多次動(dòng)作的總和。 e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel? For many days we haven't seen

55、 each other. 2 、表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的某一已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 e.g. The delegation has left 代表團(tuán)已經(jīng)走了（說明現(xiàn)在不在這里） Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。 與這一時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語有： already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短語，連詞 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別： 一般過去時(shí)：重在說明動(dòng)作在過去發(fā)生時(shí)的具體情況（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、對(duì)象

56、、細(xì)節(jié)等）。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：只提起已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（事實(shí)）及其影響，不說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的具體情況。 cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch? I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father. 注：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的動(dòng)作常具有反復(fù)性，故下面一句是錯(cuò)的： Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 應(yīng)改為： Did you see the six thirty's

57、 news program? 四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于：表示過去開始的某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，以至延伸到將來，它強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間之長(zhǎng)久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在寫一篇文章。（還在寫） cf. I've written an article. 我寫了一篇文章。（已寫完） It has been raining these days. 這些天一直在下雨。 五、過去完成時(shí) 1 、過去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去的過去，只有在兩個(gè)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才可顯示出來。 e.g. As soon as we got to the s

58、tation, the train had left. 注：主從句表達(dá)的動(dòng)作緊接時(shí)，即兩動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒有明顯時(shí)間上的懸殊或空檔時(shí)，主從句都可用一般過去時(shí)。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army? 2 、過去完成時(shí)可表示截止過去某一時(shí)間動(dòng)作的總或動(dòng)作的結(jié)束。 e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework. 與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常有： by

59、1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)間。 （六）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于： 1 、表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days? 2 、代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而含有某種感情色彩。 e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺怎

60、樣？（顯得親切） He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功課很好。（贊揚(yáng)） You are always boasting. 你老愛吹牛。（厭煩） 3 、動(dòng)詞 go, come, leave, arrive 等表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai. 與這種時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常有： now, these days, recently, this week 等。 七、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于： 表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA

61、unit. 那時(shí)她在解放軍某部工作。 What were you doing this time yesterday? 與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常用： at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。 用 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句表示主句的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)間。 e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 注： 1 、 while 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句敘述過去的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 e.g. I read a magazine while I

62、was waiting for the bus. 2 、 when 用作并列連詞，意為“這時(shí)”，連接兩分句時(shí)，第一句多用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in. 一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別： 一般過去時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一時(shí)間開始或完成的動(dòng)作。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 試區(qū)別下面兩句： We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們?cè)谛藿ㄒ蛔畮?kù)。（可能尚未建成） We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們修建了一座水庫(kù)。

63、（已經(jīng)建成） 八、一般將來時(shí)主要用于： 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況 e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own. 與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語常用： tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。 一般將來時(shí)態(tài)與其它結(jié)構(gòu)表將來情況的區(qū)別： 一般將來時(shí)態(tài) ：主要從時(shí)間的角度表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。 be going to 結(jié)構(gòu) ：表（主觀上）打算或準(zhǔn)備做某事時(shí)。 表有發(fā)生某事的預(yù)兆時(shí)。 e.g. They are going to have a competitio