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1、 專業(yè)英語單詞 Part 1 Lesson 1 pry / v.探查, 撬 ¨ fulcrum&
2、#160;/ n.杠桿的支點, 支點, 葉附屬物 ¨ seesaw / n.秋千,蹺蹺板 ¨ henge / n. 圓形石結(jié)構(gòu),圓形木結(jié)構(gòu) ¨ topple / v.傾倒 ¨
3、 domestication / n.馴養(yǎng), 馴服, 教化 ¨ chariot / n.戰(zhàn)車 ¨ block and tackle / n.機(jī)滑輪, 滑車設(shè)備 ¨
4、;splitting / adj.爆裂似的, 極快的 manipulate / vt.(熟練地)操作, 使用(機(jī)器等),巧妙地處理 clover / n.植三葉草, 苜蓿 ¨ valve / n.閥, 英 電子管, 真空管 ¨ pivot / n.樞軸, 支點,
5、160;重點 adj.樞軸的 vi.在樞 軸上轉(zhuǎn)動 vt.裝樞軸于 ¨ cushion / n.墊子, 軟墊, 襯墊 v.加襯墊, 減小振 動,緩沖 ¨ ratchet / n. (防倒轉(zhuǎn)的)棘齒 ¨ ratchet mechanism 棘輪機(jī)構(gòu), 棘輪傳動裝置
6、60; Part 1 Lesson 2 Locomotive 機(jī)頭,火車頭,運動的 prime 原動力,發(fā)動者,原動機(jī) Turbine 渦輪
7、 windmill 風(fēng)車,風(fēng)車房,旋轉(zhuǎn)文具。使旋轉(zhuǎn),做風(fēng)車般旋轉(zhuǎn) waterwheel 水車,吊水車 Alternating current 交流電 exert
8、盡力,施力,努力,發(fā)揮,竭盡全力 Linear 線的,直線的,線性的 reciprocating 往復(fù)的,來回的,交替的,互換的,擺動的 torque 扭矩,轉(zhuǎn)矩 Torsion 扭矩,轉(zhuǎn)矩
9、60; twisting motion 扭轉(zhuǎn)運動 Piston 活塞 瓣
10、 foot-pound 英尺,磅 Joule 焦耳 Part 1 Lesson3 Emission ( 光熱)散發(fā) ,發(fā)射,噴射&
11、#160; tried 經(jīng)過試驗的,可靠的 Petroleum 是油 kerosene 煤油,火油 Genuinely
12、160; 真誠地,誠實地 marketable 適合銷售的 Vaporize 使蒸發(fā)
13、; carburetor 汽化器 Suction stroke 吸氣沖程 ignite 電火,點燃 Spark plug 激勵,倡導(dǎo),領(lǐng)導(dǎo),火花塞
14、60;spark off 導(dǎo)致 Expel 驅(qū)逐,開除,排除,發(fā)射 ingenuity 機(jī)靈,獨創(chuàng)性,精巧,靈活性 Benzene 汽油 Part 1 Lesson4 charge / n.負(fù)荷, 費用, 掌管, 充電, 充氣,
15、 裝料 v.裝滿, 控 訴, 指示,收費 thermodynamic / adj.熱力學(xué)的, 使用熱動力的 thermal efficiency 熱效率 necessitate / v.成為必要
16、160;millisecond / n.毫秒 volatile / adj.飛行的, 揮發(fā)性的,不穩(wěn)定的,輕快的,爆炸性 的 n.揮發(fā)物 hp /abbr. 馬力 (horsepower) nonrever
17、sible /adj. 不可逆的, 不反轉(zhuǎn)的 supercharge / vt. 增加負(fù)荷, 用增壓器增壓 intrinsic / adj.(指價值、性質(zhì))固有的, 內(nèi)在的, 本質(zhì)的 scavenging 凈化, 清除 crankcase compression 曲
18、軸箱壓縮, 在曲軸箱(腔) 內(nèi)升高壓力 centrifugal / adj.離心的 blower / n.吹制工, 送風(fēng)機(jī), 吹風(fēng)機(jī), 增壓器 turbulence / n.騷亂, 動蕩, (液體或氣體的)紊亂 sacrifice /
19、60;n. v.犧牲, 獻(xiàn)身, 損失, 供奉 exclusively / adv.無例外地, 僅僅 poppet / n.提升閥, 口乖孩子 jacketing / n.套筒
20、 accommodation / n.住處, 膳宿,適應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié), 遷就融合,配合 Part 1 Lesson5 induction coil 感應(yīng)線圈, 電感器 magne
21、to / n.磁發(fā)電機(jī) compact / adj.緊湊的, 緊密的, 簡潔的 n.契約, 合同, belling 擴(kuò)成喇叭形的 tap / n.輕打, 活栓, 水龍頭 vt.輕打,敲打出,分接, 使流出, 攻螺紋于vi.輕叩 breaker / n.斷路器 &
22、#160; brass plate 黃銅銘牌 bakelite / n.酚醛塑料, 人造樹膠, 膠木, 電木
23、60; insulate / vt.使絕緣, 隔離 capacitor / n.(=capacitator)電容器 condenser / n.冷凝器, 電容器 reservoir
24、/ n.水庫, 蓄水池 manifold / n. 多種 adj.多種形式的, 許多部分的, 多方面 的 vt.復(fù)寫 diaphragm / n.解
25、橫隔膜,膜片,控光裝置, (電話等)振 動膜 Part 1 Lesson6 coaxial / adj.同軸的, 共軸的 engaged / adj.忙碌的, 使用中的 disengaged / ad
26、j.自由的, 閑散的, 空閑的 immersed / 浸入的, 沉入的, 沉思的 centrifugal / adj.離心的 vane / n.氣風(fēng)向標(biāo), 風(fēng)信旗, 變化不定的事物, (風(fēng)車、螺旋槳等的)翼,
27、160;葉片 ¨ wedging action 楔作用 ¨ conical / adj.圓錐的, 圓錐形的 ¨ coefficient / n.數(shù)系數(shù) ¨ &
28、#160; cork / n.軟木塞, 軟木, (用塞子)塞住 ¨ asbestos / n.礦石棉 ¨ flywheel / n.調(diào)速輪 spline / n.方栓,
29、 齒條, 止轉(zhuǎn)楔, 花鍵 vt.用花鍵聯(lián)接,開鍵槽 ¨ buffer / n.緩沖器 ¨ diaphragm spring 折棚膜片彈簧 ¨ casing / n.包裝,
30、保護(hù)性的外套 ¨ impeller / n.推進(jìn)者, 葉輪 ¨ turbulence / n.騷亂, 動蕩, (液體或氣體的)紊亂 ¨ rev / n.一次回轉(zhuǎn), (每分鐘的)轉(zhuǎn)速&
31、#160;v.加快轉(zhuǎn)速 ¨ take-up 拉緊,接合 take-off 脫離,松開 ¨ bob / v.上下或來回的動n.振動, 短發(fā), 振子錘 ¨ pivot / n.樞軸, 支
32、點, 重點 adj.樞軸的 vi.在樞軸上 轉(zhuǎn)動 vt.裝樞軸于 ¨ annular / adj.環(huán)的, 環(huán)形的, 有環(huán)紋的 Part 1 Lesson7 Inertia 慣性,慣量 Jerky 急拉的,急動的。牛肉干 Steep 陡峭的,險峻的,急劇上升的。懸崖,峭壁,浸漬。泡,沉浸 Slope
33、;斜坡,鞋面,傾斜。使傾斜 Manipulate (熟練)操作,假造,巧妙的處理 Passenger 客車 Auxiliary 輔助的,補助的 Synchromesh 同步嚙合 Synchronize 同步 Throttle setting 節(jié)流閥調(diào)定 Tremendously 可怕地
34、0;,非常地 Neutral 中立者,非色彩,齒輪的空當(dāng)。中性的,不確定的 Pneumatic 轉(zhuǎn)滿空氣的,有氣胎的,氣力的,風(fēng)力的。氣胎 Torque converter 液力變矩器,轉(zhuǎn)矩變換器 Planetary 行星的 Disengage 脫離 Part 1 Lesson8 Differential
35、 微分,差動,差動齒輪,分速器 Cabbage 甘藍(lán),卷心菜 Bulbous 球根的,球根狀的 Spline 把??坛鲦I槽。用花鍵配合 Bevel 斜角,斜面,斜角規(guī),萬能角尺,傘齒輪,錐齒輪 Crown 王冠,花冠,頂。加冕,表彰,使圓滿完成 Beveled Crown gear 傘齒輪 Slippery 滑的,光滑的
36、 Likelihood 可能,可能性 Undue 不適當(dāng)?shù)?#160;Lap 重疊區(qū),拋光,研磨 Duplicate 復(fù)制的,完全相同的。復(fù)制品,副本。復(fù)寫,復(fù)制 Shim 薄墊片,用墊片填 Inflate 使膨脹,使得意,使充氣。充氣,膨脹 Part 1 Lesson9 Steer 駕駛,掌舵
37、,行駛,行進(jìn) Steering 操縱,掌舵,指導(dǎo) Steering column 駕駛桿 Optional 可選擇的,隨意的 Servomechanism 自動駕駛裝置,伺服機(jī)構(gòu),跟蹤器 Servo loop 伺服環(huán)路 Ram 公羊,活塞,撞錘。猛擊,撞。填塞,灌輸 Actuate 開動,促使 Ply 厚度,板層。線網(wǎng)層&
38、#160;Dispense with 免除,無需,省卻 Hose 軟管,水龍帶,長筒襪。用軟管澆水 Reservoir 水庫,蓄水池 Integral 完整的,整體的 Axial spool valve 軸向柱塞閥 Part 1 Lesson10 Locomotive 機(jī)頭,火車頭,運動的 Hoist 提升間,升
39、起 Moisture 潮濕,濕氣 Caliper 測徑器,卡鉗,彎腳器,用卡鉗測量 Dissipate 消散,浪費, Sustain 支撐,撐住,維持,持續(xù) Mattress 床墊,空氣墊,沉床 Elliptic 橢圓形的 Cantilever 懸臂 Laminated beam 疊層梁Curvature 彎曲, 曲率
40、60; Part 2 Lesson1 Slice 薄片,切片,部分,片段 Dump 傾倒,傾卸。堆存處 Moist clay 濕粘土 Clog 障礙,阻礙,阻塞 Boggy 沼澤多的 Loam 肥土,用肥土填 Underway 起步的,進(jìn)行中的,航行中多 Locomotion 運動,移動,移動力,運動力 Apron &
41、#160;圍裙,外表或作用像圍裙的東西。擋板,護(hù)理 Expedient 有利的,權(quán)宜之計。 Shovel 鏟,鐵鏟, Dragline 牽引繩索,索斗鏟 Pit 深坑,陷進(jìn),凹陷。窖藏,使留下疤痕,使競爭, Stratified 成層的了,分層的 Spillage 溢出,溢出量 Ejector 驅(qū)逐者,放出器,排出器
42、;Part 2 Lesson2 Forklift 鏟車,叉式升降機(jī) Scoop 鏟起,掘起,挖出。鏟子,屏斗。 Passability 通過性,行駛性 Thrust 插,推。力推,插入。擠進(jìn) Manoeuvrability 機(jī)動性,可操作性,靈活性 Gravel 沙礫,砂礫層 Gondola 狹長小船,無蓋貨車 Stock-hand
43、le 材料卸裝,材料輸送 Yardwork 場地工作,倉庫工作 Power steering 動力轉(zhuǎn)向 Cab 出租汽車,計程車,司機(jī)室,駕駛室 Positive displacement 變?nèi)莘e Brickyard 磚廠 Prefabricate 預(yù)制 Screen 屏風(fēng),篩子。篩 Hopper &
44、#160;漏斗 Chute 瀑布,斜道,溜槽 Power rating 標(biāo)定功率 Rating 功率 Part 2 Lesson3 Clamshell 哈殼,美國哈殼式挖泥機(jī) Shovel 鏟,鐵鏟,鏟狀物(單斗)挖土機(jī) Backhoe 鋤耕機(jī),反鏟挖土機(jī) Latticed 裝有格子的Tip
45、0;在。頂端有附加物。使傾斜,使翻倒。傾斜,翻倒 Boom 吊臂,懸臂 Dipper 勺,鏟斗 Hinge 鉸鏈,樞紐,關(guān)鍵。裝鉸鏈,裝以鉸鏈 Suspend 吊,懸掛 Elucidate 闡明,說明 Attentive attendance 精心保養(yǎng) Paramount 極為重要的 Proximity
46、160;接近,親近 Gang up 聚集,組合成一套 Slew 回轉(zhuǎn) Part 2 Lesson4 Undisturbed 沒受到干擾的,自然地,安靜的,鎮(zhèn)定的 Filtration 過濾,篩選 Tamper 搗棒,打夯機(jī),搗固機(jī) Pendant 懸重物,吊掛,懸置,懸架,吊架,懸架式 Tow 拖,拖曳用的繩。牽引,拖。拖行,被拖帶&
47、#160;Staggered 錯列的,叉排的 Ballast 鎮(zhèn)重物,壓塊,壓載,平衡器,砂囊 Blocked 封閉的,連鎖的, Throttle 節(jié)流桿,油門桿,風(fēng)門桿 Calcium 鈣 Magnesium 鎂 Chlorine 氯化物 Eccentric shaft 偏心輪 Emergenc
48、y brake 緊急制動器,應(yīng)急制動 Present-day rates 現(xiàn)代(目前)的速度 Climbing ability 爬坡能力 Part 2 Lesson5 Asphalt plant 瀝青(拌和)設(shè)備 Stationary 固定的 Batch 一爐,一批 Layout 規(guī)劃,設(shè)計
49、,布局,企劃,編排 Cascade 小瀑布,噴流。層疊。成瀑布落下 Cyclone 旋風(fēng),颶風(fēng)。氣旋 Multi-Cyclone 多管式旋風(fēng)除塵器 Chassis 底盤 Top deck 頂層 Compartment 分隔間,車廂 Reject chute 廢料槽 Silo 筒倉,地窖。
50、豎井,發(fā)射井 Binder 粘接劑 Filler 裝填折,補白 Bin 箱柜 Oversize 太大的,特大型的 Reject 不合格品,被棄用之物,落選者。拒絕,否決,丟棄 Aggregate 合計,總計。骨料,集料。集合的,聚合的。聚集 The batch weight hopper 稱量斗 Filler silo
51、160; 粉料倉 Provision 供應(yīng),預(yù)備,供應(yīng)品 Litters 折角條 ,用于滾輪中提升石料 Hybrid 混血兒 一、The Basic Machines(機(jī)械基礎(chǔ)) 1Levers were probably used to raise the huge blocks of stone from
52、 which Stone-henge was constructed. Perhaps the stones were raised by using tree trunks as levers until the stones toppled into place. (杠桿很可能用來撬起巨大石塊,用這些巨大石塊建造了英格蘭史前時代的環(huán)形建筑。當(dāng)時也許是利用樹干作為杠桿把石頭撬
53、起,知道預(yù)定的位置。) 2. Like the lever, the wheel goes back to prehistoric times when someone probably discovered that it was easier to move heavy weights by sliding them on&
54、#160;logs than by carrying them.(像杠桿一樣,輪軸也可追溯到史前時代,或許那時人們發(fā)現(xiàn)將重物放在圓木上滾動要比扛運容易。) 3The inclined plane is an important factor that concerns civil engineers when designing highways or railroads The
55、0;mechanical engineer more frequently uses the screw, a spiral form of the inclined plane.(斜面是土木工程師在設(shè)計公路或鐵路時要注意的一個重要因素。機(jī)械工程師經(jīng)常使用螺桿,即斜面的螺旋形式。) 4Modern machines and their components have become so&
56、#160;complex that a branch of the science of mechanics called kinematics evolved in order to study mechanisms and their actions. Regardless of the original input and fina
57、l output of most modern machines, it is their mechanisms that give them their great versatility and flexibility.(現(xiàn)代機(jī)器及其零件已經(jīng)變得相當(dāng)復(fù)雜,為了研究這些機(jī)構(gòu)及其動作,稱為動力學(xué)的這一力學(xué)分支便形成了。不管現(xiàn)代機(jī)器的原始輸入和最后輸出是多少,正是機(jī)器的各種機(jī)構(gòu)使機(jī)器具有更大的適應(yīng)性和靈活性。) 5Ca
58、m comes in many different shapes-there are heart-shaped cams, clover-leafed cams, elliptical cams and others. By means of these different shapes cams can change rotating into&
59、#160;reciprocating (back and forth or up and down) motion or into oscillating or vibrating motion.(凸輪有許多不同的形狀:有心型凸輪,三星凸輪,橢圓形圖論等等。借助于這些不同的形狀,凸輪可把旋轉(zhuǎn)運動變成往復(fù)式運動(來回運動或上下運動),還可變成擺動或振動。) 二、Machines and Works(機(jī)械和功) 1A
60、160;machine can be very simple, like a block and tackle to raise a heavy weight, or very complex, like a railroad locomotive or the mechanical systems used for
61、industrial processes.(一個機(jī)器可以很簡單,比如用來提升重物的滑輪組;也可以很復(fù)雜,比如火車頭或工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)。) 2Windmills and waterwheels are prime movers; so are the great turbines driven by water or steam that turn the generators
62、0;that produce electricity; and so are internal combustion engines that use petroleum products as fuel.(風(fēng)車和水輪都是原動機(jī),由水或者蒸汽驅(qū)動發(fā)電機(jī)產(chǎn)生電能的大型渦輪機(jī)是原動機(jī),利用石油產(chǎn)品作為燃料的內(nèi)燃發(fā)動機(jī)也是原動機(jī)。) 3Force is an effort that results
63、60;in motion or physical change. If you use your muscles to lift a box you are exerting force on that box. The water which strikes the blades of a turbine&
64、#160;is exerting force on those blades, thereby setting them into motion.(力是一種改變物體運動或物理狀態(tài)的作用。如果你動用肌肉來舉起箱子,那么你就施加了力在箱子上。撞擊渦輪葉片的水流是在這些葉片上施加了力才使他們能夠運動。) 4Torque is the kind of effort that you exert to
65、60;open a twist-off lid on a jar. In many machines the problem is to change one kind of motion to another. In a car for example, the linear motion of
66、the pistons must be converted into rotary motion to make the wheels turn.(大多數(shù)機(jī)器要解決的問題是改變運動從一種形式到另外一種形式。比如,在汽車中,活塞的直線運動必須轉(zhuǎn)變成能使車輪轉(zhuǎn)動的旋轉(zhuǎn)運動。) 5Power is another term used in a special technical se
67、nse in speaking of machines. It is the rate or speed at which work is performed.(功率是一個從另外學(xué)術(shù)意義上用來描述機(jī)器的術(shù)語。它是一種比率或者做功的速度。) 6The kilowatt, a more widely used term, equals a thousa
68、nd watts or approximately1.33 horsepower in the English system. The Newton is a unit equal to the force necessary to accelerate one kilogram one meter per second.(千瓦是使用比較
69、廣泛的功率單位,在英制單位系統(tǒng)中等于1000瓦或者1.33馬力。牛頓是力的單位,相當(dāng)于使1公斤的重物產(chǎn)生每秒1米加速度的作用。) 三、Internal Combustion Engines(內(nèi)燃機(jī)) 1It was not until the second half of the nineteenth century that the development of petroleum
70、products made possible todays internal combustion engine.(直到19世紀(jì)的后半葉,石油產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展才使得今天的內(nèi)燃機(jī)成為現(xiàn)實。) 2Kerosene for lamps and stoves was the product first sought from petroleum while gasoline seemed n
71、othing more than a dangerous by-product.(用于照明燈和鍋爐的的沒油是從石油中獲得的主產(chǎn)品,而汽油僅僅是一種危險的副產(chǎn)品。) 3It utilized a cycle in which the combustible mixture is drawn into the cylinder of an internal c
72、ombustion engine on a suction stroke, is compressed and ignited by a spark plug on a compression stroke, burns and performs on an expansion stroke, expels combustion
73、;products on an exhaust stroke.(它利用一個將可燃混合氣吸入內(nèi)燃機(jī)氣缸,進(jìn)行壓縮并用電火花塞在壓縮行程中點燃,在膨脹行程中轉(zhuǎn)動即做功,在排氣行程中排除燃燒廢氣的完整循環(huán)做功。) 4Other problems solved to achieve the efficiency of modem automobiles include ignition systems that c
74、ause combustion several hundred times a minute and cooling systems for cylinders rapidly heated by this combustion.(為了提高了現(xiàn)代汽車效率所解決的其他問題包括每分鐘內(nèi)產(chǎn)生數(shù)百次燃燒的點火系統(tǒng)和冷卻被燃燒迅速加熱的氣缸的冷卻系統(tǒng)。) 四、Diesl Engines(柴油機(jī)) 1In t
75、his cycle the radio of compression of the air charge is sufficiently high to ignite the fuel subsequently injected into the combustion chamber.(在該熱力循環(huán)中,吸入空氣的壓縮比要高到足以能點燃隨后噴入燃燒室的燃料) 2Adap
76、tation of the injection principle to higher speeds such as 1000-2000 rpm has necessitated departure from the constant pressure specification because the time available for fue
77、l injection is so short (milliseconds).(要使這個噴射原理適應(yīng)高速(如1000-2000轉(zhuǎn)/分)柴油機(jī),而這種柴油機(jī)用于燃料噴射的時間卻是如此之短(千分之幾秒),就要在噴射時不考慮恒壓的技術(shù)要求。) 3With twocycle constructions scavenging air is delivered by crankcase compression, front end
78、0;compression, or separate rotary, reciprocating or centrifugal blowers.(二沖程發(fā)動機(jī)的換氣是靠曲軸箱內(nèi)的壓力和其前端的壓力或考獨立工作的旋轉(zhuǎn)增壓器、往復(fù)增壓器,或離心式增壓器供給的。) 4The cylinder may be without valves and with complete control of admission&
79、#160;of scavenging air and release of spent gases in a two-port combustion, the piston covering and uncovering the ports. The cylinder may also have a single part (f
80、or admission or release) uncovered by the main piston at the outer end of its stroke and conventional cam-operated valves in the cylinder heat.(發(fā)動機(jī)氣缸可不設(shè)閥門,而用完善的進(jìn)排氣雙氣孔控制機(jī)構(gòu),即用活塞開閉氣道,對所換氣體
81、的進(jìn)入及廢氣的排出進(jìn)行控制。發(fā)動機(jī)氣缸也可在氣缸蓋上設(shè)一普通凸輪控制閥及一單用氣孔(吸氣孔或排氣孔),當(dāng)主活塞到達(dá)其行程外端時,此孔被打開。) 5Cylinder heads become complicated structures because of valve porting, jacketing and spray-valve locations and the accommodation of these
82、 to effective combustion, heat transfer an internal bursting pressures. 由于要考慮閥口、閥套及噴射閥內(nèi)的安裝并使其能適應(yīng)高效的燃燒、熱傳導(dǎo)及缸內(nèi)爆壓力,因此氣缸蓋變成很復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)。 五Distributors 分電器 1. The spark must come at the correct stage i
83、n the cylinder and valve operation (that is ,the timing should be right), and the order in which the pulses are distributed to the spark plugs should be right.&
84、#160;The device which regulates all this is the distributor. (電火花必須射到氣缸的準(zhǔn)確位置,并且必須在閥運轉(zhuǎn)的正確時刻產(chǎn)生(也就是定時要準(zhǔn)確)。而高壓脈沖傳給電火花塞的順序必須準(zhǔn)確。調(diào)節(jié)上述過程的這種裝置就是分電器。) 2. This connection therefore mechanically locks the movement of
85、central drive spindle in the body of the distributor around this spindle .(因此,改機(jī)械連接就是分電器中的中央驅(qū)動軸的轉(zhuǎn)動與發(fā)動機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)動同步。這樣,繞著該中央驅(qū)動軸,旋轉(zhuǎn)一下分電器機(jī)殼,就可以是定時改變。) 3. The central contact is provided by a spring lo
86、aded carbon rod which can both carry high mounted on a bakelite cap to insulate from the drive spindle.(主接觸點由一裝有碳棒的彈簧組成,碳棒可耐高壓脈沖,又可以使其與轉(zhuǎn)動的轉(zhuǎn)臂以低摩擦力相接觸,轉(zhuǎn)臂裝有一黃銅片,此黃銅片又裝在一絕緣蓋上,以使轉(zhuǎn)臂與分電器驅(qū)動軸之間相互絕緣) 4. This
87、60;can be altered coarsely by twisting the distributor body around the drive spindle , and more precisely by a screw thread which dose the same job once the app
88、roximate position has been set.(可繞分電器驅(qū)動軸扭轉(zhuǎn)分電器機(jī)體進(jìn)行粗調(diào),一旦大致的位置確定后,可通過螺紋進(jìn)行微調(diào),而同樣器調(diào)節(jié)作用。) 5. An automatic advance mechanism is usually provided , using the vacuum which occurs in the inlet manifol
89、d of the carburetor as the accelerator is pressed down and more air is sucked in.(該機(jī)構(gòu)是利用在化油器的進(jìn)氣岐管中產(chǎn)生的真空而作用的。真空是在加速器被踩下,更多的空氣被吸入時產(chǎn)生的。) 六、Clutches(離合器) 1Electromagnetic, dry friction plate, multi-o
90、il immersed plate, centrifugal and vane are just some of the various types of clutch available .(常用的一些離合器的種類有電磁式,干摩擦式,多片油侵式,離心式和葉片式。) 2On a springload clutch the operator, by contr
91、olling the rate at which the spring pressure is applied to the clutch, can regulate the speed of clutch engagement and the torque applied to the driven shaft.(利用彈簧加壓
92、的離合器,操作人員可以通過控制加到離合器上的彈簧壓力來快遞調(diào)節(jié)離合器的接合速度和加到從動軸上的扭矩。) 3There properties are difficulties to obtain in a single material and for this reason, one of each pair of mating surfaces is usually
93、 metallic, while the other is either leather, cork, or an asbestosbased facing riveted to metal plate.(單用一種材料很難獲得這些性能。因此,每一對配合面中, 通常有一個是金屬的,而另一個面或是用皮革,軟木,或是以石棉為主的襯片鉚到金屬板上。) 4The clutch cover
94、0;consists of a pressed steel casing whicrovide th houses a pressure plate backed up by several coil springs or a diaphragm spring , which phe force to press th
95、e plate hard up against the flywheel.(離合器外殼是壓制成的鋼板殼,此鋼殼內(nèi)裝有壓板,壓板上有幾個螺旋彈簧或者一種膜片彈簧所支撐,彈簧的壓片將壓力緊緊地壓在飛輪上。) 5As the flywheel rotates faster around the inner-output-vanes, the oil sets up a turbulence w
96、hich makes the inner wheel rotate. This action now provides drive from the flywheel to the gearbox through the oil. (當(dāng)飛輪帶動內(nèi)輸出片迅速旋轉(zhuǎn)時,油就被擾動,并帶動內(nèi)輪傳動。這一動作是通過油將飛輪的轉(zhuǎn)動傳給變速器。) 6When a magnetic&
97、#160;field is included across the gap by a directcurrent control coil, the iron particles form chains across the gap and transmit a torque that depends on the streng
98、th of the field. (當(dāng)直流控制線圈越過間隙感應(yīng)一磁場時,鐵粉越過間隙形成許多的鏈,并傳遞扭矩,而扭矩的大小取決于磁場強(qiáng)度。) 七、Automobile Transmissions(車輛傳動) 1The transmission also allows a motor vehicle to back upgasoline and diesel engines can
99、60;run in only one direction, but the transmission can reverse the direction of the force. (傳動系統(tǒng)也能夠使機(jī)動車輛后退雖然汽油或者柴油發(fā)動機(jī)只能夠按一個方向旋轉(zhuǎn),但是傳動系統(tǒng)可以改變力矩的方向。) 2Setting an automobile in motion requires a&
100、#160;large amount of power to overcome the inertia of the vehicles weight. This process requires high engine speed, needed for high power, and a gradual increase in
101、a vehicles speed to avoid a jerky start.(起動汽車需要大功率以克服車輛本身的慣性。起動過程要求發(fā)動機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速高,即大功率所必需的轉(zhuǎn)速,同時還要求汽車逐步加速,以免造成顛簸起動。) 3Transmission that are to be shifted with the vehicle in motion incorporate synchromesh
102、0;units to prevent gears from clashing as they are meshed. The synchromesh unit synchronizes the speed of the gears so that they revolve at the same speed as
103、160;they slide into engagement. (那些使汽車在進(jìn)行中可變速的傳動系都裝有同步齒輪變速機(jī)構(gòu),以防止齒輪嚙合時碰撞。同步齒輪變速機(jī)構(gòu)使齒輪速度同步,這樣,在這些齒輪進(jìn)入嚙合時,能同速轉(zhuǎn)動。) 4The automatic transmission makes it easier to drive a car , but it is less efficient
104、;than a manually shifted unit and increase gasoline consumption. For this reason, the automatic transmission is not as common in Europe, where economy of operation is a
105、160;prime sales factor.(使用自動換擋裝置使駕車更加容易,然而,它沒有手動變速效率高,而且汽油耗量增大。因此自動變速機(jī)構(gòu)在歐洲用的并不普遍,因為在那里經(jīng)濟(jì)實惠是汽車銷售的首要因素。) 5The first consists of a standard mechanical transmission and clutch which is automatically shifted by pneu
106、matic, hydraulic or electric power units. The second type uses a hydraulic torque converter plus a planetary gear system to increase engine torque. The third system combi
107、nes a hydraulic coupling with an automatically shifted mechanical gearbox to provide torque amplification. The fourth type uses one or more stage of hydraulic torque conversio
108、n to provide torque multiplication. (第一種是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的機(jī)械傳動裝置及靠氣動力、液力或電力裝置自動換擋的離合器。第二種是液力變矩器加行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu),以增加發(fā)動機(jī)的扭矩。第三種是把液力聯(lián)軸器與自動換擋機(jī)械齒輪箱結(jié)合在一起以增大扭矩。第四種是用一級或多級的液力變矩器以增大扭矩。) 八、Differentials(差速器)
109、1 For maximum traction, a four wheel drive vehicle has been designed with three differentials, separating the front wheels, the rear wheels and the front from the
110、160;rear, allowing each wheel to its own speed under power. (為得到最大的牽引力,四輪驅(qū)動車已設(shè)計成裝有三套差速器,分別裝在兩個前輪間、兩個后輪間及后輪和前輪間,容許每個輪在動力作用下以各自的速度轉(zhuǎn)動。) 2. A pinion gear, which is splined into the end of the drive shaft, turns a beveled crown gear which is fastened onto the en
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