初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講精練

1、TALENTYDavid專題一名詞一名詞的分類：1名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞，專有名詞是某個(gè)（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing , China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：1） 個(gè)體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：gun。2） 集體名詞：表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：family。3） 物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如：air。4） 抽象名詞：表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work。二，名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：2 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1）child-childrenfoot-feet t

2、ooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-women注意：由一個(gè)詞力口man 或 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men禾口-women，女口an Englishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germa ns; Bowman是姓，其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowma ns。2）單復(fù)同形，女口 deer， sheep, fish， Chinese，Japanese， li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu， four jin 等。但除人民幣的元、 角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a dollar, t

3、wo dollars; a meter, two meters。3 ）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)， 不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說 a person，a policeman， a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French, the Chinese, the Japanese the Swiss 等名詞，表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí)， 作復(fù)數(shù)用，女口 The Chinese are in dustries and brave. 中國(guó)人民是

4、勤勞勇敢的。4）以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：a. maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞，為單數(shù)。b. news為不可數(shù)名詞。c. the Uni ted States， the Un ited Natio ns 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。The Uni ted Natio ns was orga nized in 1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)是 1945 年組建起來的。d. 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報(bào)紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如：The Arabia n Nights is a very in terest ing story-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書。5）

5、 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses （眼鏡）trousers, clothes等，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞pair （對(duì)，雙） ; suit （套）；a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 等。6）另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes （各種）魚。物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一則建議。5. 定語(yǔ)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。1）用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。例如：sports

6、meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) students reading-room 學(xué)生閱覽室 talks table 談判桌the foreign Ianguages department 夕卜語(yǔ)系2） man, woman, gentleman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如： men workerswomen teachers gentlemen officials3）有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， s保留。例如：goods train （貨車）arms produce 武器生產(chǎn)customs papers 海關(guān)文件 clothes brush 衣刷4）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞

7、一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：two-dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹a five-year plan. 個(gè)五年計(jì)戈U專題二冠詞不定冠詞的用法：1、 泛指人或事物的類別，相當(dāng)于any,女口 ： A hammer is tool. A steel worker makes steel.2、 泛指某人或某物。A boy is wait ing for you.There is a book on your desk.3、 表 one 或 every o We work 8 hours a day. I go home tw

8、ice a mon th.4、 表示 the same 的意思。 Birds of a （= the same） feather flock together;people of a kind come together.5、用在不可數(shù)名詞前a）（用在物質(zhì)名詞前）一種，一份 A large coffee for me. It was a wonderful tea.b）（用在某些表示風(fēng)、雨等的名詞前）It was clear daylight now and a fine rain was falli ng. There is a cold wind this morning.c）（用在抽象名

9、詞前）一種 That is a great disappointment. It s a pleasure to work with you.6、（用在某些專有名詞前）某個(gè)叫 的人，一張 的畫，一個(gè)象 的人等。I saw a Mrs. Smith on the 12 th at 2:00.He had a Van Gogh in the dining-room.What a stra nge London they saw!He s a livi ng Lei Feng.7、 用于某些固定詞組中。a few, a little, a good many, a lot of, all of a

10、sudden, as a rule, have a cold 等。8、 在元音音素開頭的名詞前應(yīng)用an,如an apple, an English book。要以發(fā)音為準(zhǔn)，并非以元音字母而定。女口 a uni versity, an hour, anX-ray exam in atio n.定冠詞的用法。1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。The boy likes the film. Shut the door, please. The old poor peasa nt has a son. The son is a model worker.2、表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西。the earth,

11、 the moon, the stars, the sun （但 space前不用）3、 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)前。the seco nd, the tallest, the last, the first.4、用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家、黨派或組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞前。the United States; the People s Republic oflhChComimunist Party of China;the Chinese People s Liberation Armye No. 15 Middle School; the department of Education.5

12、、用在某些建筑物名稱前。The Great Hall of the People; the Mo nument to the People s Hethe Great Wall;the Capital Theatre; the Space Museum; the Peace Hotel。6、用在江河海洋，山脈群島，海峽海灣等專有名詞前。The Changjiang River, the Red Sea, the Dabie Mountains, the English Channel, the Taiwan Straits, the Persian Gulf 。7、用在報(bào)紙、會(huì)議、條約等專有名

13、詞前。the People s Daily： China Daily ） the New York Times, the 15 th Party Congress, the Geneva Agreement8、用在方位名詞前，某些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)中或結(jié)構(gòu)搭配中。on the left, in the east, i n the morning, on the other hand, in the end, hit sb on the head, catch sb by the arm9、 用在形容詞前表一類人。the poor, the dead, the young, the rich, the w

14、oun ded.10、 用在雙方都知，不言而喻的名詞前。Give me the book. Who s the man?11. 用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前表示一家人或夫婦二人。the Smiths, the Gree ns, the Wan gs, the Turners12. 用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前泛指某類人或物（指整個(gè)一類）。The horse is a useful ani mal.The computer was in vaded not long ago.13. 指世紀(jì)的年代。in the 1890 或 inthe 1890s14. 用在表示樂器的名詞前。play the pia no （the g

15、uitar, the violi n, the flute）15. 用在某國(guó)語(yǔ)言前，構(gòu)成 thela nguag的形式。The English language is very widely used all over the world. 如果單用國(guó)家變來的語(yǔ)言名詞形式，則不用the。Chinese has the largest number of speakers in the world.16. 用于論（或按） ”計(jì)”之類的意思。He got paid by the hour. They sell the cloth by the meter.三零冠詞的場(chǎng)合。a）專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽

16、象名詞、人名、地名前一般不用冠詞。China, Joh nson; Air is matter. Sound is in visible.b）當(dāng)名詞已被指示代詞、物主代詞、名詞所有格限制時(shí)。This book is good. I read my En glish book every day.c) 注：指示代詞和物主代詞亦不能并用。*my that book,應(yīng)該說：that book of mine.街名、廣場(chǎng)名、公園名前。Wall Street. Tian anmen Square, Hyde Park.d) 省市、大學(xué)名前。Hubei Provinee (但 the Province

17、of Hubei); Wuhan City(但 the City of Wuhan);Qinghua University( 但: the University of Qinghua)e) 湖泊前一般不用冠詞。East Lake, Salt Lake, Do ngting Lakef) 山峰前不用冠詞。Mou nt Hua, Mou nt Tai, Mou nt Everestg) 月份、星期、節(jié)日、三餐飯的名詞前。March, Christmas, Sun day;Have you had lun ch?Spring is the best seas on of the years.(但月份

18、或季節(jié)被限定則須冠詞。I arrived here in the winter of佃93.)h) 稱呼語(yǔ)，表示頭街或職務(wù)作賓補(bǔ)或同位語(yǔ)的名詞。What s this, John?We made Li Hai monitor.i) 學(xué)科名、球類、棋類名詞六前。We like maths. They ofte n play football.j) 泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。Stude nts must work hard at their lesso n.K)與by連用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名詞前。by bus, by hand, by radio, by air, by water.配套習(xí)題：

19、冠詞練習(xí))I.Joh n isuni versity stude nt. A.some B.a ny C.a D.a n)2.He gave my sisteruseful book yesterday.A.a n B.a C./ D.the)3.1 haveUn cle.He is good at mending TV stes.A.a n B.a C./ D.the)4.There is s II in the word srAla IlB.anC.the D./)5.Mr Smith always gives mehand whe n I am in trouble.A.a B.a n

20、C.the D./)6.The cartoon MulanII isinteresting film andsppryrted in China.)7.We often have sports after class,a nd I like to playbasketball.)8.-Where s Xiao Ming?- He s havingrest over there. A.a B.anC.the)9.There is h II in the word hour IlB.anC.the D./)10.earth we live on is bigger thanmoon. A.The;

21、a B.The;the C.An;a)11.The scie ntists fromUn ited States live in _Ni nth Street. A.the;the B./;the)12.-What s the matter with you?-I caughtbad cold and had to stay in)13.John likes playi ngfootball.But he does n)14.She is one ofmost popular teachers in this school. A.a)15.Tom hashigh fever and his m

22、other is look ing after him.)16.This is a story aboutone eyed dog. A.a B. the)17.-Have you got_E-mail address?-Oh,yes, mine is wjb)18.We can t see)19.The house in)20.-What color is_)21.Every yearMother)22.-Are you havi ng)23. We can t see)24.He is very rich.However,he often saysrich should help)25._

23、Great Wall is _Iongest wall in the world .)26. Bill is English teacher. He likes playingThe museum is quite far. It will take you halfhour to get there byBlacks are going to the park this Sun day.Why don29. He is very rich.However,he ofte n saysrich should helppoor.30. Ja ne is taller of the two. A.

24、the B.a C.a n D./( ( (27.28.moon.A.a;theB.a n;theA.aB.a nC.the D./C.the;a D.a n;aD./D.An ;theC./;/ D.the;/ bed. A.a;/ B.a;thet lke playingA.thepilaeo. B./;the C./;/B.the C./C. a;aD.the;theD. the;/A.a B.theD.muchC.a n D./C.a nD./A.theB.a nC.a D./sun on a rai ny day. A.a B.the C./ D.a nfront of the ri

25、ver is onfire. A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;a_orange?- It sorange. A.an,anB.an,theC.an,/ D./,thes Day is on_second Sunday in MayA.the,the B./,the C.the,/ D./,/good time?- Yes,but I m feeli ng a little tired .I want to haverestA.a,/sun at _night. A.a,/ B.a,the C.the,/ D.the,thepoor.A.the;a B.a;the C.t

26、he;theA . A; a B.The; the C. A ; the DThe ; afootball . A. a; the B. an; the bus . A. an;/ B. an; a t we gP.AQBWBLA?,/C.The,aA.the;a B.a;the C.the;the D./;/B./,a C.a,a D.the,aD./;/a;/ D. an;/a; / D./;/D./,a32.Is heAmerican boy ? A. anB. aC. oneD./33.They passed our schoolday before yesterday. A .anB

27、. oneC . aD . the34.Australia isEnglish-speaking country . A . aB. anC . theD. /35.There ispicture ofelepha nt onwall .36.This isuseful book. rve read it forhour.31woma n over there ispopular teacher in our schoolA . A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the專題三代詞一. 人稱代詞人稱代詞所有格稱為物主代詞。物主代詞分為兩類： 形容詞性的，如 my

28、, her, your, their等； 名詞性的，女口 mine, hers，yours，theirs等。由于受漢語(yǔ)影響，我們常犯以下兩種錯(cuò)誤：1）漏用代詞，主要是形容詞性的物主代詞，因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)中常常將它省略。例如：I have done my homework.（不能說 * I have done homework.）We clean our classroom every day.（不能說 * We clean classroom every day .）二. 反身代詞1. “反身”用法反身代詞作句中賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作返回到主語(yǔ)本身?；蛘哒f，句子的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人或物。例如：He hur

29、t himself.（作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）Dick bought himself a new coat.（作間接賓語(yǔ)）I heard Jane talk to herself.（作介詞賓語(yǔ)）2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)用法：反身代詞用作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，在句中起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，其位置也比較靈活。例如：I went to see the chairman myself.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）We spoke to the mayor himself.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）The mayor himself met us at the door.（緊隨主語(yǔ)之后）The mayor met us at the door himself.（在句末）三. 不定代

30、詞1. 用some還是用 any1）一般說來，some用于 肯定； any 用于否定，例如： There are some letters for you. There arent any letters for me .2. either 與 neithereither指“兩者之中任何一個(gè)”，neither指“兩者都不”通常與單數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用。但在非正式英語(yǔ)中也可與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用。例如：Youve got two answers. Either is correct. Neither is wrong .3. nobody, no one, nothing 禾口 nonenobody 和 no o

31、ne 指人，作單數(shù)，后面不能接of 短語(yǔ),例如：Nobody/ No one knows why she was late again .nothing指物，作單數(shù)；none指人或物，作單救或復(fù)數(shù)均可。none既可用于可數(shù)名詞，也可用于不可數(shù)名詞，例如： None of the money on the table is mine.4. every 與 eachevery 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“全體” ;each 則強(qiáng)調(diào)的是具體“每一個(gè)”。例如：On every/ each side of the square there were soldiers.此外，each 可作名詞性代詞，如：Each has

32、two books. （ each作主語(yǔ)） We each are satisfied with our own rooms.（each作同位語(yǔ)，常位于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及代詞等應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)一致。）We are satisfied with our own rooms each. （each 作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，也可置于句末。）5. other, the other 禾口 another1）other表示“另外的（人或物）”，“其他的（人或物）”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為others。例如：There are other ways of doing this exercise . Lei Feng was

33、always ready to he1p others.2）the other表示兩者之中的“另一個(gè)（人或物） ”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為the others,例如：He has a pen in one hand and a book in the other.。Only three of the students were in the classroom ; the others were all on the playground.當(dāng) other 泛指“別人”時(shí)，前面不加定冠詞：We must always be ready to help others.3）an other表示不定數(shù)目中的“另

34、一個(gè)或類似的下個(gè)（人或物） ”，還可與數(shù)詞連用，表示“再，又”的意思。例如： How about another cup of tea ?The strike may last another two weeks.6. one1）one只可用于指代可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是one&例如：If you cant find your pen , use the one on the table. What nice shirts ! which one / ones shall we buy ?2）one/ones通常不能直接用在 their, my, his等物主代詞以及 a （n）, own ,

35、several和名詞所有格后面。例如：His knife seems sharper than mine.（不能用 my one 代替 mine）They dont like this town ; they want very much to go back to their own.（不能用 * their own one 代替 their own 或 their own country ）但是，當(dāng)one/ ones前面還帶有形容詞時(shí)，則例外。如：Have you any knives ? I need a sharp one. My old dictionary isnt as good

36、 as Johns new one .3）the/ this / that one 與 that：that可以指代不可數(shù)名詞，而one不能。如：The weather in Wuhan is much warmer than that in Tianjing. （that 不能用 the one 取代） that 后面常接 of 短語(yǔ)。 例如： This dictionary is more expensive than that one. （that one= that dictionary, one 般不省略）The window of your room is much bigger t

37、ha n that of mine.（that = the window，它后面有of短語(yǔ)，一般不用the one替代）有時(shí)候the one和that可以互相取代，如：The gold ring is in that box - the one （= that） with the key in the lock.4）one可以泛指人，相當(dāng)于 you, we, people,其所有格為oneQ例如：One should do ones/his duty .專題四指示代詞和不定代詞.指示代詞1. this和these表示在時(shí)間上或空間上較近的人或物；that和those表示在時(shí)間上或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人

38、或物。女口： This is a pen and that is a ruler.這是一支鋼筆，那是一把尺子2. 向別人介紹某個(gè)人時(shí)，要說“This is. ”，介紹兩個(gè)人時(shí)，先用“This is. ”介紹一個(gè)人，然后用“ That is. ”介紹另一個(gè)人。 女口： This is my brother and that is my sister.這是我哥哥 那是我妹妹3. that和those還可以指前文中的事物，this和these指下文中將要講到的事物。他們起一種承上或啟下的作用。女如： I got up late,thats why I missed the bus.我起床遲了，這就是

39、為什么我沒趕上汽車。4.one表示泛指，that和it表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類，但不是同一個(gè)，而it與所指名詞為同一個(gè)。I cant find my hat. I thi nk I must buy one. （不定）我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買一頂。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. （同類但不同個(gè)）你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it. （同一物）我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了.不定代詞不定代詞，即不指明代替某特定名詞或形

40、容詞的代詞1. 常用不定代詞有 all , both, every, each, either, n either, more, little, few, much, many, ano ther, other, some, any , one, no以及 some, someth ing, anything, everythi ng, somebody, some one, an ybody, anyone, nothing , n obody, no one, none, everybody, every one 等2. 除every和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞，也可用作形容詞。every

41、和no在句中只能作定語(yǔ)。I have no idea about it.3. all都，指三者以上。all的主謂一致：all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。All goes well.一切進(jìn)展得很好。all通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，女口：不說 all the book，而說 the whole book。both 都，指兩者。4. n either 兩者都不a. neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。b. 作定語(yǔ)與單數(shù)名詞連用，但n eithern（用作并列連詞，可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。其謂語(yǔ)采用就近原則。either （兩者中任何一個(gè)），neither （兩者都不）。以上詞使用范圍為

42、兩個(gè)人或物。5. some某些，一些，某個(gè)1）可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。2）當(dāng)做某一解時(shí)，也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。You will be sorry for this some day.總有一天，你會(huì)后悔這件事的。注意：在肯定疑問句中用some代替any。（2）some用于其他句式中：a. 肯定疑問句中：說話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答案會(huì)是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)。Would you like 句式中，表委婉請(qǐng)求或建議，如：Would you like some coffee?b. 在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示確定的意義時(shí)，如：If you need some help , let me know.c. so

43、me 位于主語(yǔ)部分 ,Some stude nts have nt bee n there before.6. none無人或無不定代詞none的含義和all相反，和no one, not any同義，但其用法相當(dāng)于名詞，在句子中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 它代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；代替可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)皆可。例如：none of the problems is /are easy to solve .這些問題沒有一個(gè)是容易解決的。（作主語(yǔ)，代替可數(shù)名詞）7. every 禾口 each1）every強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念，each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念。Every stude n

44、t in our school works hard.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。Each stude nt may have one book. 每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有一本書。2）every指三個(gè)以上的人或物（含三個(gè)）,each指兩個(gè)以上的人或物（含兩個(gè)）。3）every只作形容詞，不可單獨(dú)使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。Every stude nt has to take one. Each boy has to take one. Each of the boys has to take one.4) every與not連用，表示部分否定；each和not連用表示全部否定。Every man is

45、not honest.并非每個(gè)人都誠(chéng)實(shí)。Each man is not honest. 這兒每個(gè)人都不誠(chéng)實(shí)。8.one/ano ther/the other1) 泛指另一個(gè)用an other。2) 一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物)，一個(gè)用one，另一個(gè)用the other。3) 一定范圍內(nèi)三者，一個(gè)用 one，另一個(gè)用 one (another)，第三個(gè)可用the other， a third。4) 一定范圍內(nèi)，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。5) 泛指別的人或物時(shí)，用others當(dāng)在一定范圍內(nèi)，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部時(shí)，也用others。9. Many, much都意為許多

46、”，many +可數(shù)名詞，much +不可數(shù)名詞。How many people are there at the meeti ng? How much time has we left?10. few, little, a few, a littlefew +可數(shù)名詞，little +不可數(shù)名詞 a few / a little為肯定含義，還有一點(diǎn)few / little為否定含義，沒有多少了He has a few frien ds. 他有幾個(gè)朋友。He has few frie nds. 他幾乎沒有朋友。We still have a little time.我們還有點(diǎn)時(shí)間。There

47、is little time left.幾乎沒剩下什么時(shí)間了專題五形容詞和副詞一. 形容詞1. 定義用來描寫或修飾名詞或代詞，說明人或事物的特征或性質(zhì)2用法：1.作定語(yǔ)。例如：This is a old house. 2.作表語(yǔ).例如：I am sorry to hear that .3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如： She made her mother an gry.3.某些形容詞前加上定冠詞the，可以代表一類人或東西，可以用作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等。做主語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待。例如：(1) The old are looked after well.(2) We should help the poor.二.

48、 副詞1. 定義 用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，其他副詞以及全句。2用法：1.作狀語(yǔ)。例如：(1)They work hard.(副詞修飾動(dòng)詞)(2) They are quite right(副詞修飾形容詞)(3) He park the car very easily.(副詞修飾副詞) Unfortunately, he was out .(副詞修飾整個(gè)句子 )三. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞(1) 一般在詞尾力口 er ，est。hard-harder-hardestgreat-greatergreatest(2) 以字母 e 結(jié)尾的力口 r， st。nice-nic

49、er-nicest(3) 重讀閉音節(jié)詞末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫輔音字母，再加er，est.thin-th inn er-th inn est carefully-more carefully-most carefullyhappily-more happily-most happilybig-bigger-biggestfat-fatter-fattest(4) 多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在其前加more，most.in teresti ng-more in terest in g-most in terest ing quickly-more quickly-most quickly 表示”

50、較不.和最不.時(shí)，可用less和leastdifficult-less difficult-least difficult(5) 部分特別詞的變化：good-better-bestbeautiful-less beautiful-least beautiful well- better-bestbad/ill-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostfar-farther/further-farthest/furthestold-older/elder-oldest/eldestlittle-less-least四. 用法：1. 兩者之間的比較用比較級(jí) ：(1) He ru

51、ns faster than his friend.(2) Who is younger,Tom or John?2. 三者或三者以上之間進(jìn)行比較用最高級(jí)(1) She is the most beautiful girl in her class .(2) Which is the biggest,the sun ,the moon or the earth?3. 比較級(jí)前可以用 much,a little,even,still,a lot 來修飾 女口； Our school is much more beautiful than your school.4. 在一些含有比較級(jí)的句子里，常

52、用that或those來代替前面所提到的詞。女口： (1) The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai .(2) The boys in our class are more tha n those in your class.5. 形容詞比較級(jí)前加the或匕較級(jí)and比較級(jí)I表示越來越.II(1) The more ,the better .越多越好(2) The busier he is ,the happier he feels.他越忙越感到開心(3) The weather is getting colder and c

53、older. 天氣變得越來越冷6. 副詞的最高級(jí)可以不用定冠詞the，如：The boy writes most carefully in his class.五. 原級(jí)比較：1. 結(jié)構(gòu)as + 原級(jí)+as(前者與后者一樣);not as/so +原級(jí)+as(前者不如后者那么 )女口： The coat is as old as that one. (2) The weather in Beijing is not as/so hot as that in Shanghai .2.原級(jí)的特殊用法：1. 表示是.的幾倍”。句型是.times +as+原級(jí)+ as.This house is th

54、ree times as large as that one.這座房子是那座房子的三倍大2. 表示盡可能.” 句型：.as+原級(jí) +as possible/one can.We should get up as early as possible/we can 我們應(yīng)該盡可能的早起。配套習(xí)題：形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)(一):翻譯句子：1 . 這本書跟那本書一樣有趣。This book isthat one.2 . 你游泳沒有你弟弟好。You can t swimyour brother.3 . 今天比昨天冷的多。 It istodayit was yesterday.4 . 對(duì)這個(gè)故事我比

55、另一個(gè)喜歡的多。This story isthan that one.5 . 他比我大兩歲。He isthan I.6 . 這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)有趣。This story isthan that one.7 . 她的身體狀況一天天好起來。He is gettingevery day.8. 他對(duì)英語(yǔ)越來越感興趣。He is beco mingEn glish.9. 他吃的越多，人越胖。 The more he eats, thehe gets.10. 你的問題是兩個(gè)中比較難的那個(gè)。Your question isof two.David(四)：用所給詞的正確形式填空：1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _more clever(clever).2. Gold(黃金)isess_ (little) useful than iron( 鐵).3. My sister is two yearsolder(old ) tha n I.4. John s parents have four daughters, an