浪漫主義時期文學(xué) the lamb the tyger william blake（課堂PPT）

1、.1William Blake (1757-1827).2 To see a World in a Grain of Sand And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand And Eternity in an hour. - William Blake: Auguries of Innocence .3一沙一世界一沙一世界, 一花一片天，一花一片天，掌中握無限掌中握無限, 永恒剎那間永恒剎那間! -譯者不詳譯者不詳從一粒沙看世界，從一粒沙看世界，從一朵花看天堂，從一朵花看天堂，把永恒納進(jìn)一個時辰，把

2、永恒納進(jìn)一個時辰，把無限握在自己手心。把無限握在自己手心。 王佐良王佐良.4 1. Life and Career Born Nov. 28, 1757, in London.Son of a haberdasher.Largely self-taught.Originally studied to be an artist.Started writing poetry at 12.Supported himself as an engraver and illustrator of his own and others work.5 2. Major WorksSongs of Innoce

3、nce (1789)Songs of Experience (1794)Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790)a few prophetic books, .6Songs of Innocence/Experience.7Songs of Innocence and Experience The Songs of Innocence were published by Blake in 1789, and he produced a combined version of Songs of Innocence and of Experience in 1794.

4、The Songs are now often studied for their literary merit alone, but they were originally produced as illuminated books, engraved, hand-printed, and coloured by Blake himself. The text of the poem and the accompanying illustration formed an integrated whole, each adding meaning to the other. .8 Songs

5、 of Innocence : the innocent, pastoral world of childhood ; The Lamb Songs of experience: an adult world of corruption and repression; The Tyger.9 在天真之歌中，詩人以“羔羊”為中心意象，組成一個歡樂、善良、和諧的農(nóng)業(yè)文明圖景：牧童吹著歡樂的短笛，歌聲蕩漾在青草地上；孩子在荒野中迷了路，上帝就化身為父親將他送回家去；小螞蟻迷了路，螢火蟲打著燈籠送它回家；羔羊在吃草，獅子在羊欄邊徘徊了一陣，流下“金色的眼淚”，終于躺下來和它睡在一起而在經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌中，詩人

6、則以“老虎”為中心意象，展現(xiàn)現(xiàn)一幅正在生長中的痛苦、邪惡、分裂的現(xiàn)代工來文明圖景：田野一片荒蕪，道路長滿荊棘；孩子們論落街頭，挨家挨戶掃煙囪；士兵們在流血嘆息，妓女們在夜半的街頭詛咒；街道和河流“專利”化，“殘酷、妒忌、恐怖和隱秘”代替了“愛、仁慈、憐憫與和平?！?10.11.12 The Chimney Sweeper is the title of two poems by William Blake, published in Songs of Innocence in 1789 and Songs of Experience in 1794.In the earlier poem, a

7、 young chimney sweeper recounts a dream had by one of his fellows, in which an angel rescues the boys from coffins and takes them to a sunny meadow; in the later poem, an apparently adult speaker encounters a child chimney sweeper abandoned in the snow while his parents are at church.13A little blac

8、k thing among the snow: Crying weep, weep, in notes of woe! Where are thy father & mother? say? They are both gone up to the church to pray. Because I was happy upon the heath, And smild among the winters snow: They clothed me in the clothes of death, And taught me to sing the notes of woe. And

9、because I am happy & dance & sing, They think they have done me no injury: And are gone to praise God & his Priest & King, Who make up a heaven of our misery. Religion is the instrument of their repression/ oppression its nature is to help bring miseryto the poor children.14.15.16The

10、 Lamb.17.18 小羊羔誰創(chuàng)造了你 你可知道誰創(chuàng)造了你給你生命，哺育著你在溪流旁，在青草地；給你穿上好看的衣裳，最軟的衣裳毛茸茸多漂亮；給你這樣溫柔的聲音，讓所有的山谷都開心； 小羔羊誰創(chuàng)造了你 你可知道誰創(chuàng)造了你； 小羔羊我要告訴你， 小羔羊我要告訴你；他的名字跟你的一樣，他也稱他自己是羔羊；他又溫順又和藹，他變成了一個小小孩，我是個小孩你是羔羊咱倆的名字跟他一樣。 小羔羊上帝保佑你。 小羔羊上帝保佑你。.19Questions (1) The theme ? Thematically, the work exalts the goodness of the creator and f

11、inds within the creator a source of gentleness, selflessness, and love.20 (2)“ he is called by the name, For he calls himself a lamb”, whats the meaning of this sentence? Jesus and lamb. Jesus was crucified during the Feast of the Passover (celebrating the Jews escape from Egypt) when lambs were sla

12、ughtered in the temple at Jerusalem. This was believed to take away the sins of the people who took part in the feast. So when Jesus was killed, for the sins of all people, according to the Christian faith, He came to be called The Lamb of God. .21(3) William Blakes “The Lamb” has a singular topic a

13、nd theme ,how does the poet strengthen the theme? nursery-rhyme repetition, immediate rhyme scheme & end-stopped line; The setting is described by the green vale - a pastoral scene with stream; Words such as: “tender,” “meek,” and “wooly” emphasize gentle nature; The speaker of the poem is like

14、one who whispers to a child awakened in the night, whispering sweet assurances and offering comfort.22.23 .uk/learning/worksinfocus/blake/works/songs_06.html.241The first step: read the poem , understand it literally. (1): This poet asks a question: who could have dared to make (fr

15、ame) a beast as terrifying as the tiger? 老虎老虎!老虎老虎!黑夜的森林中黑夜的森林中/ 燃燒著的煌煌的火光，燃燒著的煌煌的火光，/ 是怎樣的袖手或天眼是怎樣的袖手或天眼/ 造出了你這樣的威武堂堂造出了你這樣的威武堂堂?.25 (2-4):The dangerous process of creationn你炯炯的兩眼中的火你炯炯的兩眼中的火/ 燃燒在多遠(yuǎn)的天空或深淵燃燒在多遠(yuǎn)的天空或深淵?/ 他乘著怎樣的翅膀搏擊他乘著怎樣的翅膀搏擊?/ 用怎樣的手奪來火焰用怎樣的手奪來火焰? 又是怎樣的膂力，怎樣的技巧，又是怎樣的膂力，怎樣的技巧，/ 把你的心臟的筋肉

16、捏成把你的心臟的筋肉捏成?/ 當(dāng)你的心臟開始搏動時，當(dāng)你的心臟開始搏動時，/ 使用怎樣猛的手腕和腳脛使用怎樣猛的手腕和腳脛? 是怎樣的槌是怎樣的槌?怎樣的鏈子怎樣的鏈子?/ 在怎樣的熔爐中煉成你的腦筋在怎樣的熔爐中煉成你的腦筋?/ 是怎樣的鐵砧是怎樣的鐵砧?怎樣的鐵臂怎樣的鐵臂?/ 敢于捉著這可怖的兇神敢于捉著這可怖的兇神?.26 (5): The poet asks the question: Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the Lamb make thee? 群星投下了他們的投槍。/ 用它們的眼淚潤濕了穹蒼，/ 他是否微笑著欣

17、賞他的作品?/ 他創(chuàng)造了你，也創(chuàng)造了羔羊? (6): The sixth stanza is identical to the opening verse, giving the poem itself symmetry 老虎!老虎!黑夜的森林中/ 燃燒著的煌煌的火光，/ 是怎樣的神手或天眼/ 造出了你這樣的威武堂堂?.272 The second step: analyze the poem in details; (a) Tyger?(Tiger) (b) 直呼法（apostrophe ), question mark(？)，excalmatory mark(！) (c) 格律：揚(yáng)抑格(t

18、rochee) (d) 韻律：aabb (e) Notes: burning bright; fearful symmetry; distant deeps; began to beat; what dread grasp dare its deadly terrors grasp? (f) when the stars threw down their spears, And waterd heaven with their tears? .28 （g) The Awe and Mystery of Creation and the Creator: The poem is more about the creator of the tiger than it is about the tiger itself. In contemplating the terrible ferocity and awesome symmetry of the tiger, the speaker is at loss to explain how the same God who made the lamb could make the tiger. The poet leaves us to awe at the complexity of creation, the she