備戰(zhàn)2018年高考英語考點一遍過專題11完成時(含解析)

1、考點11完成時高考頻度：考向一、現(xiàn)在完成時1.現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動詞have(has) +動詞過去分詞否定句：have/has后力口not, havent/hasnt一般疑問句：have/has提前2.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法：(1)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是這個結(jié)果或影響，常與7 1yet，already，just，before，lately等時間狀語連用。Have you had your lunch yet?你吃過午飯了嗎?Yes, I have. I have just had it.I have already posted the photos.是的

2、，我剛吃過。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了。)我已經(jīng)寄過這些照片了。(這些照片已不在我這里了。)have(has) gone to，have(has) been to禾口have(has) been in的區(qū)另U1. have (has) gone to表示已經(jīng)去某地了，不能與for+一段時間連用。She has gone to Sha nghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)2. have (has) been to表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，不能與for+一段時間連用。She has been to Sha nghai three times.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。)3.

3、 have (has) been in/at表示一直待在某地，常與時間段搭配，指待了很久。(2)過去發(fā)生的事情，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(其謂語動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞)I haven t seen her these days.近來我一直沒見過他。2Ive known Li Lei for three years.They have lived here since 1996.我認(rèn)識李雷已經(jīng)三年了。他們自從1996年就住在這兒。She has taught us since I came to this school.3.現(xiàn)在完成時多與下列時間狀語連用：(1) 用于過去發(fā)生的事，對現(xiàn)在造成的影

4、響或結(jié)果的時間狀語有:自從我來這所學(xué)校，她就教我。3already用于肯定句，可放在助動詞之后、過去分詞之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑冋句中意為已經(jīng)，用在否定句中表示還，常放在句末。ever意為曾經(jīng)，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。n ever意為從來都沒有，常和before連用，多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。before意為以前，指過去不確定的某個時間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。(2)用于過去發(fā)生的事，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的時間狀語有:for +時間段for two yearssince the nso far目前；迄今為止I will not believe you uni

5、ess I have see n it with my own eyes.I will go with you as soon as I have fini shed my work.(4)非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。I have n t received his letter for almost a mon th.(5)since與for用法比較用法例句since +時間點si nee 2008since he came hereup to no w=till no w=bynow到現(xiàn)在為止；直到現(xiàn)在all the time總是；一直t

6、hese days近幾天bythe endof.至U.末/結(jié)束by the end of this month/yearduri在過去的幾年中在過去的幾個天/月/年中(3)在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時以前已完成的動作。到本月/年末rece ntly/lately最近4si nee用來說明動作起始時間I have lived here since I was born.在這里。My aunt has worked in a cli nic since 1949.從1949年開始一直在一個小診所工作。我從出生起就住我姑女古for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度I have lived her

7、e for more tha n twe nty years.這里住了二十多年了。我在3.現(xiàn)在完成時的常用固定句型(1)That/This/lt is the first (second, third . ) time. (that) .完成時。It is the first time that I have visited the city.It is the third time that the boy has been late.(2)That/This/It is the +形容詞最高級+名詞+時。This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.

8、(3)在It is/has been +一段時間+ si nee .從句用一般過去時。It has been/ Its 5 years since we last met.Its / It has bee n 3 mon ths since the man died.（4）一段時間+完成時結(jié)構(gòu)+ since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句Two years has passed since I came here.我來這兒已經(jīng)兩年了。誤區(qū)提醒（1）并非有for作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。I worked here for more tha n twenty years.（我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作）I ha

9、ve worked here for many years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作）（2）短暫性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞用于完成時的區(qū)別：延續(xù)性動詞表示經(jīng)驗、 經(jīng)歷；短暫性動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。He has completed the work.（表結(jié)果）句型中，從句要用現(xiàn)在這是我第一次參觀這座城市。這是這個男生第三次遲到了。（that）從句中，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成這是我看過的最好看的電影。句型中，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般現(xiàn)在時，自從上一次我們見面到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是五年了。那人死去3個月了。5I ve known him since then.（表經(jīng)歷）（3） 短暫性動詞和延續(xù)

10、性動詞用于till / un til從句的差異6延續(xù)性動詞用于肯定句，表示做直到；短暫性動詞用于否定句，表示到 才He didnt come back until ten oclock.直到十點鐘他才回來。He slept until ten oclock.他睡到十點鐘?！疽呻y辨析】- 1現(xiàn)在完成時和般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況， 所以它不能與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004等。而一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系，它可以和表示

11、過去的時間狀語連用。I have seen the film.我看過這部電影。（我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。)I saw the film last week.我上星期看了這部電影.（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況）1.（2016北京卷單項填空）Ihalf of the English novel, and Ill try to finishit at the weeke nd.A. readAB. have readC. am readi ngD.will readlbIM【答案】B【解析】句1：看完了這本英文小說的一半周末會盡力把異一半看農(nóng)強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動惟對現(xiàn) 在產(chǎn)生的影響，雯用現(xiàn)

12、在完成時?！笨葱≌f弦一動作岌生在過去，到目前為止看了一半故用現(xiàn)在完成 時，選2.1 n the last few years, China_great achieveme nts in environmen tal protect ion.A. has madeB. had madeC. was makingD.is making【答案】A【解析】句意：在過去的這些年里，中國在環(huán)境保護中取得了很大的成就。由時間狀語in the lastfew years可推知動作從過去一段時間持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并對現(xiàn)在造成影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選A。考向二、過去完成時71.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+ had +過去分詞

13、+其他.否定句：主語+ had + not +過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Had +主語+過去分詞+其他?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（Had +主語+過去分詞+其他）？2.基本用法（1）表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作，也可以說過去的時間關(guān)于過去的動作。即過去 的過去。 可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句（在復(fù)合句中， 由時間連接詞引導(dǎo)的 狀語從句叫做時間狀語從句）來表示，也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示，還可能通過上下文來 表示。By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the sp

14、aceship.到昨晚9點鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。（2）表示由過去的某一時刻開始， 一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)， 常和for，since構(gòu)成的時 間狀語連用。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.當(dāng)車來的時候，我在車站已經(jīng)等了20分鐘。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。（3）敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補述以前發(fā)生的動作時，常 使用過去完成時

15、。Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我對動詞一無所知，因為我沒有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。（4）在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動作常用過去完成時。I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已歸還了我借的書。She found the key that she had los

16、t.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。（5）過去完成時常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句 （或間接引語） 中， 這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。He said that he had known her well.他說他很熟悉她。8I thought I had sent the letter a week before.(6)狀語從句：在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過 去時。如when, before，after，as soon as，till/until弓丨導(dǎo)的從句。When I woke up,

17、it had already stopped raining.我醒來時雨已停了。She didn t go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。注意：如果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過去完成時，特別是在包含 句中，因為這時從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確， 替過去完成時。After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.之后，努力提高他的英語水平。C Th/一廠(7)動詞think,want,hope,mean, pla

18、n,intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法、希 望、打算或意圖等。They had wan ted to help but could n ot get there in time.他們本來打算去幫忙，但沒有及時趕到那里。i厶We had hoped to be able to come and see you.我們本來希望能來看看你。(8)過去完成時還可用在hardly.whe n.,no soon er.tha n.,It was the first(see ond, etc)time (that).等固定句型中。Hardly had he begu n to speak wh

19、e n the audie nee in terrupted him.斷了他。No sooner had he arrived tha n he went away aga in.It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.3.過去完成時的語法判定(1)由時間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有:1by +過去的時間點我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。before和after的復(fù)合這時可以用一般過去時代馬克思到達英格蘭他剛開始演講，聽眾就打他剛到就又走了。這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了

20、。9I had fini shed readi ng the no vel by nine o2by the end of +過去的時間點We had lear ned over two thousa nd En glish words by the end of last term.3before +過去的時間點They had pla nted six hun dred trees before last Wed nesday.(2)由過去的過去來判定過去完成時表示過去的過去，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常

21、出現(xiàn)在：1賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。如told，said，knew, heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句。She said that she had see n the film before.2狀語從句中在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過 去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。After he had fini shed his homework, he went to bed.注意：before，after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達了

22、動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。After he closed the door, he left the classroom.3表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, thi nk, i ntend, mea n, suppose等，用過去完成時表示原本.，未能.。We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.(3)根據(jù)上、下文來判定I met WangTao in the street yesterday. Wehadnt seen each other since he went

23、to Beijing.【巧學(xué)妙記】過去完成時記憶口訣clock last ni ght.10Had加上過去分，構(gòu)成過去完成時。過去完成的意義，也表完成或延續(xù)。 若有主、從兩個句，先后動作分別敘。哪個在先哪完成，哪個在后哪過去。11完成時，排除B,故選D,過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。4.(2016浙江卷單項填空)Silkone of the primary goods traded along the SilkRoad by about 100 BC.A. had becomeC. has become【答案】A【解析】句意：到公元前100年為止，絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。時間狀語是b

24、尸過去時間，謂語用過去完成時。故選山考向二、將來完成時1.將來完成時的構(gòu)成：will/shall + have +Hopefully after three years at uni versity I will have matured.過去分詞。希望3年大學(xué)生活之后我能變成熟。Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000I你的錢就會增多）94,000美元。僅短短5年時間后,He willhave bhearte ned by the teleph one opinion poll published y

25、esterday.他會為2.將來完成的用法(1)表示將來完成：即表示到將來某個時間為止勢必會完成或預(yù)計要完成的動作。When we get there, shell have gone to work.我們到那里時她會已經(jīng)上班去了。I expect you will have cha nged your mind by tomorrow.我預(yù)料到明天你就會改變主意了。(2)表示持續(xù)：即表示某種狀況將一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的某一將來時間。We will have bee n married a year on June 25th.到6月25日我們倆就結(jié)婚滿1年了。By this time nex

26、t week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years.到下星1.（2017北京卷單項填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone athome, and wireless phones_yet.A. have n t inven tedB. have n t bee n inven tedD. had n t bee n inven ted【答案】D【解析】句意：在美國20世紀(jì)50年代的時候，大多數(shù)的家庭家里只有一部電話，并且無線電話還根 期此刻，

27、我就已經(jīng)為該公司工作24年了。C. had n t inven ted本沒有發(fā)明出來。根據(jù)句意可知用被動語態(tài)，排除A和C,事情發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，不用現(xiàn)在B. was beco mingD.is becoming12(3)表示推測：即表示根據(jù)某情況作出的推測。That will have been Roland. He said hed be back at 7.準(zhǔn)是羅蘭。他說他7點鐘回來。There will have bee n a defi nite result before Friday.星期五以前肯定會有結(jié)果。虐例劇析1.Its reported that by the end

28、 of the mon th, the output of ceme nt in the factory_byabout 10%.A.will have rise nB.will be risingC.has rise nD.has bee n rising【答案】A【解析】考查時態(tài)。由時間狀語MbytheenlofemonIF可知此處表示在將來某時已經(jīng)完成的動作，因此用將來完成時2._ You neednt hurry her. It by her by the time you are ready.A.will have bee n finishingB.has fini shedC.wi

29、ll have bee n fini shedD.will be fini shed【答案】C【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。by the time you are ready表示將來的某個時間，此處表示將來完成的動作，故應(yīng)使用將來完成時，根據(jù)句意，事情應(yīng)該被完成，所以C項正確。檢測訓(xùn)練題組一基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)單項填空1.1_ half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A. readB. have readC. am readi ngD. will read2. Nowadays a stra nge, new dile

30、mma faces Chin ese pedestria ns: should you help an elderlypers on who_ into the street?A. is falli ngB. has falle nC. had falle nD.was falli ng133. Did you have difficulty finding Ann house?Not really. She_us clear directi ons and we were able to find it easily?A. was to giveB. had give nC. was giv

31、i ngD. would give4. Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I_ my bank in the cafe.A. have leftB. had left14閱讀下面材料，在空格處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號中單詞的正確形式Is there such a thing as beingover-protective?I can hon estly say that my an swer to that questi on 1 (cha nge) dramatically性地)since I became apare nt.Befor

32、e the birth of my daughter, I taught at 2 private school, ofte n viewi ng mystudents as over-protected, worrying 3 would happen when they went on to middle schools.C. would leaveD. was leav ing5. The reports went miss ing in 2012 and n obodythem since.A. seesB. sawC. has see nD. had see n6. When I f

33、irst met Bryan I did nt like him, but Imy mind.A. have cha ngedB. changeC. had cha ngedsomeserious mistakes.A. madeC. has bee n makingD. has made8. James left his hometow n whe n he was 16, and heback there since.A. wouldnt beB. hasn t beenC. hadn t beenD. won t be9. On the morning of October 12, 14

34、92, Christopher Columbusof the Caribbea n isla nds, mistake nly believi ng they_and his crew came to thein Southeast Asia.shoresA. arrivedB. had arrivedC. has arrivedD.would10. Since late 2013 when the Chinese government relaxed the family planning policy, only1.5 millio n couplesA. appliedto have a

35、 sec ond child.B. had appliedD. have applied（戲劇B. had made15Some did fine, and some did not. Some n eeded con sta nt pats on the back, words of 4(encourage) and extra support, which I 5 (happy) gave. Others were content on their own, n eedi ng little or no in teraction(互動)with their teacher. 6 forth

36、e most part, graduateswould go on for higher schooli ng.Id always supposed their parents were over-protective, for they were the ones that still walked their 7 (five)graders into the classroom and met them at the school gate.Admittedly, I laughed at those pare nts, 8 (th in k) their childre n would

37、n ever lear n tobe 9 (independence)if they didnt let go just a little. Then I had my own daughter. Themomentl looked at her little face, I 10_ (know) Id do everything in my power to protecther and make sure she always felt safe!題組三體驗真題1.(2017新課標(biāo)II卷改編)Around 100 people _(put down)a $10,000 deposit to

38、 geta Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugiaintroduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.2.(2017新課標(biāo)II卷改編)It _ (white-paint)tunnelsand bright red carriages, andproved extremely popular with the public.3.(2017新課標(biāo)III卷改編)

39、The In tellige nt Tran sport team at Newcastle Un iversity_(turn) an electric car into a mobile laboratory namedDriveLABin order tounderstand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress pointsare.4. (2016天津卷單項填空)When walking down the street, I came across David, when I

40、_for years.B. haven t seenA. didn t see16D. wouldn t see5.（2015重慶卷單項填空）In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmersafter all the wheat_cut.A. will have bee nC. was答案解析題組一基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 單項填空1.B【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：我已經(jīng)看完了這本英文小說的一半，周末會盡力把另一半看完。發(fā)生I在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時?！翱葱≌f”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，到目前為止看了一半，故用完成時，故選B

41、。2. B【解析】句意：如今中國行人面臨著一種奇怪的、 新的困境：該不該幫助摔倒在馬路上的老人？此處指已經(jīng)摔倒在地的老人，強調(diào)完成，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。3 B【解析】句盤 祈費得找到安挪家的位蠱困難么?一不會。她告訴我們很清晰的方向，并且我們很容易就找到譏根據(jù)題干可知，安娜舌訴他們方向發(fā)生在他們找到她冢之前，因此，發(fā)生在過 去動作之前的動作要采用過去完成時。故選B。4.B【解析】句意：我剛一到學(xué)校門口，就意識到我把書落在餐館了。realized后省略了that，這里是一個賓語從句，從句時態(tài)與主句保持一致，“落下”的動作發(fā)生在“意識到”之前，應(yīng)該 用過去完成時，故選B。5.C【解析】考查動

42、詞時態(tài)。句意：那些報告于2012年丟失了， 從那以后沒有人見過它們。此題解題的關(guān)鍵詞是后面的since，此處意為：從那以后。這是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志。 故選G 6.A【解 析】本題考查動詞的時態(tài)。題干中的but提示：“我”第一次見到布萊恩的時候不喜歡他，但現(xiàn)在喜歡他。故用現(xiàn)在完成時，選A。句意：當(dāng)我第一次見布萊恩的時候我不喜歡他，但我改變想法了。7. B【解析】句意：曾經(jīng)被報道為金融之神的艾倫格林斯潘不得不承認(rèn)他之前也犯過一些嚴(yán)重的C. hadn t seenB.will beD. has6. But17錯誤。該空動作發(fā)生在主句動作had to admit之前，應(yīng)用過去完成時。故選B項。8. B【解析】句意：詹姆斯在16歲時離開了家鄉(xiāng)，自從那時他就沒有回來過。A. wouldnt be過去將來時；B. hasnt been現(xiàn)在完成時；C. hadnt been過去完成時；D. wont be一般將來時。since是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志。故選B。9. B【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：在1