全年CATTI二級筆譯試題解析完整

1、2018-11【英譯中】【Passage 1】New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaiis Big Island sustainedin the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are v

2、isible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday,spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of dest

3、royed structures to 35. 從無人機拍攝到的最新視頻中，可以大概了解到近日火山噴發(fā)后，夏威夷大島所遭受的損失情況?；鹕綆r漿在道路上、樹林里蔓延，直逼住家，巖漿所到處濃煙滾滾。在一片漆黑中可見多處大火，火光十分刺眼?；f厄火山經(jīng)過相對平靜的一天后，周日又火力全開，將巖漿噴到300英尺高空，又侵蝕了半英里土地，共有35處建筑遭摧毀。There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lav

4、a. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents a little more than half of the evacuees were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to al

5、low residents in if it could be done safely.由于地面開裂、巖漿涌出，1800社區(qū)居民被疏散。周六周日，在二氧化硫濃度不高的被疏散區(qū)域，居民獲準(zhǔn)回家?guī)讉€小時收拾家中物品。當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T稱，這些居民約占被疏散居民總數(shù)的半數(shù)多些被準(zhǔn)許回家短暫停留，并且在保證安全的前提下，允許其他居民回家?！癟hings got pretty active,” an official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where la

6、va was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. Im not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the volcanoes have gone quiet now.” But officials had cautioned that while the lav

7、a flow was quiet, it wouldnt be for long. “More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again.” Theres a lot of lava under the ground so eventually its going to come up.”“這些火山變的很活躍，”一位官員在周六舉行的新聞發(fā)布會上稱，“有八個火山變的很活躍，巖漿噴出后，四處擴散，因此我們那里損失又多了些。我現(xiàn)在還不了解損失總數(shù)，但我們認(rèn)為這個數(shù)字仍在不斷攀升。慶幸地是，現(xiàn)在地震強度已經(jīng)減弱，

8、火山也開始平息下來了?！钡枪賳T警告稱，雖然巖漿流動慢下來了，但是不會維持太久?！斑€有更多地火山可能會爆發(fā)，現(xiàn)有的火山可能再次變得活躍?！钡乇硐旅嬗性S多巖漿，這些巖漿最終會噴發(fā)出來。The island was also rocked by a 6.9-magnitude earthquake on Friday, which caused landslides near the coast, but minimal structural damage. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said Sunday the island

9、 had experienced more than 500 earthquakes 13 with a magnitude greater than 4.0 in the 24 hours following the 6.9-magnitude quake. But, the concern for residents continues to be the lava and gas emitted from volcanoes. “The lava is definitely destroying peoples homes we dont have an exact

10、count but it is a devastating situation.” Hawaii County head said Saturday. “Theres no way we couldve predicted this.”夏威夷大島周五發(fā)生6.9級地震，導(dǎo)致海岸附近出現(xiàn)滑坡，但建筑物沒出現(xiàn)什么損壞。美國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局（USGS）周日表示，大島發(fā)生6.9級地震后，在24小時內(nèi)又發(fā)生了500多次余震，其中13次震級超過4.0級。然而，居民所擔(dān)心的依然是火山噴出的巖漿和氣體。“巖漿肯定還在摧毀人們的房子我們目前還沒有得到確切的數(shù)字但情況十分嚴(yán)重?！毕耐目へ?fù)責(zé)人周六稱，“我們也沒有辦法預(yù)測

11、到現(xiàn)在這種情況?！薄居⒆g中】【Passage 2】Just as in America, in Britain too, the story told by official statistics does not alwaysmatch peoples experience. That is especially true in places like Newcastle, a former shipbuilding city, which lost out to competition from Asia in the 1970s and has seen living stan

12、dards stagnate ever since. The U.S. economy, we are told, is booming.比如，在美國，還有英國，官方統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)和人們的感受并不總是相符，這種情況對諸如紐卡斯?fàn)栠@樣的城市來說尤為如此。紐卡斯?fàn)柎饲霸且粋€造船城市，20世紀(jì)70年代不敵來自亞洲國家的競爭，人民生活水平從此一直停滯不前。我們被告知，美國經(jīng)濟正快速發(fā)展。In the past two quarters, gross domestic product has risen by more than 3%, the stock market is soaring an

13、d unemployment is down to a 17-year low of 4.1%. Many people, though, dont feel that upside. The perception gap is huge. Unemployment, more broadly measured, is higher than the headline number suggests because many people have simply given up looking for work or are working in part-time jo

14、bs when they want a full-time job.前兩個季度，國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）增長超3%，股市飄紅，失業(yè)率降至4.1%，創(chuàng)17年來的新低。但是，許多人感受不到這種經(jīng)濟增長。數(shù)據(jù)和人們感知之間的差距十分巨大。若從廣義程度上衡量失業(yè)率，那么它則要比報紙頭條刊登的數(shù)字要高些，因為許多人干脆不找工作了，或者在找工作時做著兼職工作。One of the prime faults of GDP is that it deals in averages and aggregates.Aggregates hide the inequality. And averages dont t

15、ell us very much at all. Barring a few recessions, the U.S. economy has been on a near relentless upward path since the 1950s. Yet according to a Pew Research Center report, the average hourly wage for nonmanagement private-sector work was $20.67 in 2014, just $1.49 higher than in 1964, ad

16、justed for inflation.GDP的一個主要缺陷就是它反映的是總數(shù)和平均數(shù)?？纯倲?shù)的話，就看不到不平等的一面，而平均數(shù)根本沒有什么實質(zhì)性的信息。美國經(jīng)濟自20世紀(jì)50年代以來除了幾次經(jīng)濟衰退外，一直不斷高速增長。但皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）的一份報告表明，扣除通貨膨脹因素后，2014年私營部門非管理層員工的時薪為20.67美元，比1964年僅多出1.49美元。Studies suggest that people care more about relative than absolute wealth. If that is true, t

17、hen as a minority have become richer, the majority have grown more miserable. In a famous experiment carried out at Emory University, two monkeys were put side by side and given cucumbers as a reward for performing a task. When one of the monkeys was given better-tasting grapes instead, the monkey r

18、eceiving cucumbers became distraught, flinging its now despised reward at its trainer. The problems with using GDP as a barometer go beyond masking inequality.多項研究顯示，比起絕對所得，人們更加關(guān)心相對所得。如果事實是那樣的話，在少數(shù)人變富的同時，多數(shù)人就得變的更窮。埃默里大學(xué)（Emory University）做過一個的著名實驗，將兩只猴子放在一起，每完成一項任務(wù)就獎勵一根黃瓜。將給一只猴子的黃瓜替換成更美味的葡萄

19、后，另一只猴子變的十分狂亂起來，并拿嫌棄的黃瓜砸向訓(xùn)練人員。除了掩蓋經(jīng)濟不平等情況這個弊端外，將GDP作為經(jīng)濟晴雨表還存在其他問題。Invented in the US in the 1930s, the figure is a child of the manufacturing agegood at measuring physical production but not the services that dominate modern economies. How would GDP measure the quality of mental-health care or

20、the availability of day-care centers and parks in your area? Even the Belarusian economistwho practically invented GDP do not like the fact that it counted armaments and financial speculation as positive outputs. Above all, he said, GDP should never be confused with well-being. That s

21、uggests we need to find different ways of measuring our success. For the most part, we have become obsessed with a single measure that offers only limited information.GDP是美國在20世紀(jì)30年代提出的，屬于制造業(yè)時代的產(chǎn)物，適用于統(tǒng)計物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)，卻不適合衡量在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟中處于主導(dǎo)地位的各種服務(wù)。GDP如何衡量精神健康護(hù)理的質(zhì)量，如何衡量社區(qū)周圍的日托中心和公園的存在價值？即便是實際發(fā)明GDP的白俄羅斯經(jīng)濟學(xué)家也

22、不喜歡將軍備和金融投機歸入到GDP統(tǒng)計中。他說，總之，永遠(yuǎn)不要將GDP與民生混為一談。這意味著我們需要尋找其他方法來衡量經(jīng)濟增長的成就。但是在大多數(shù)情況下，我們只信奉單一的衡量方法（即GDP），雖然它提供信息的有限。中譯英譯前認(rèn)知：第一篇文章選自2016年4月19日有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和信息化工作座談會上的講話內(nèi)容?？此坪唵侮愂龊透爬偨Y(jié)的話語，然而要理解透徹，翻譯出一定的水平。其實很有難度。譯文風(fēng)格和遣詞造句的把控：將直譯與意譯進(jìn)行有機結(jié)合。即：該忠實陳述的，考生要堅持忠實的翻譯原則；而不該平鋪直敘的成分和句段，考生要做到意譯的合理嫁接。避免一條道走到黑。同時，一定要抓住句子的主干，做到胸有成竹，再

23、下筆翻譯。不要看完就立刻翻譯，而是要搞清楚的句子的主干與修飾成分，理清前后句子的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系后，再下筆安排遣詞造句，這才是有的放矢。從而，也從根本上避免了語言的無序、邏輯混亂和主次含糊的嫌疑。Passage One原文：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一個社會信息大平臺，億萬網(wǎng)民在上面獲得信息、交流信息，這會對他們的求知途徑、思維方式、價值觀念產(chǎn)生重要影響，特別是會對他們(、)對國家、對社會、對工作、對人生的看法產(chǎn)生重要影響。網(wǎng)民來自老百姓，老百姓上了網(wǎng)，民意也就上了網(wǎng)。各級黨政機關(guān)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部要學(xué)會通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)與公眾保持聯(lián)系(走群眾路線)，經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)(，)看看，聊聊天、發(fā)發(fā)聲，了解群眾所思所愿，收集好想法好建議，積極回應(yīng)網(wǎng)

24、民關(guān)切、解疑釋惑。譯家精編譯文：As a large platform for social information, the Internet has an important effect on their ways of seeking knowledge and mode of thinking as well as values especially on their views to the country, society and work and life now that it enables hundreds of millions of netizens to get a

25、nd exchange information. Party and government organs and leading cadres at all levels should learn to keep in touch with the public through the Internet, for instance, we can often surf the Internet, chat and voice to understand what the masses think and want, collect good ideas and suggestions and

26、actively respond to netizens' concerns, solve doubts and confusions based on the fact that public opinions are consciously expressed in Internet by netizens from common people. 譯家深入翻譯解析要義：1）本大段，由兩個獨立的句子組成。所以，第一句主要是在說互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，語意主干是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對網(wǎng)民產(chǎn)生了重要影響，而其他的成分諸如：求知途徑、思維方式、價值觀念，對他們(、)對國家、對社會、對工作、對人生的看法等等，均為圍繞主干

27、而展開的修飾和補充說明成分。同時，從整體上，對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)本身的特質(zhì)做了闡釋，即：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)允許網(wǎng)民獲得信息并對信息進(jìn)行交流。2）第二大段，旨在說明各級黨政機關(guān)應(yīng)該怎么做的問題。即：應(yīng)該與公眾保持聯(lián)系(走群眾路線)，經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)(，)看看，聊聊天、發(fā)發(fā)聲，了解群眾所思所愿，收集好想法好建議，積極回應(yīng)網(wǎng)民關(guān)切、解疑釋惑。因為網(wǎng)民來自老百姓，老百姓上了網(wǎng)，民意也就上了網(wǎng)。所以前后成分互為因果。3）結(jié)合文章出處，應(yīng)采用第一人稱“我們”，這樣才能做到先入為主。并且全文的重中之重都在于“我們要怎樣做的問題”。所以，采用譯文“we”來做句子的主語，并進(jìn)行合理的句段搭建，意義十分重大。抓住了“我們”，也就抓住了整篇文章主

28、干中的主干。原文：網(wǎng)民大多數(shù)是普通群眾，來自各行各業(yè)(四面八方)，各自經(jīng)歷不同，觀點和想法肯定是五花八門的，不能要求他們對所有問題都看得那么準(zhǔn)、說得那么對。要多一些包容和耐心，對建設(shè)性意見要及時吸納，對困難(的人)要及時幫助，對不了解情況的要及時宣介，對模糊認(rèn)識要及時廓清，對怨氣怨言要及時化解，對錯誤看法要及時引導(dǎo)和糾正。譯家精編譯文：We should not only be more tolerant and patient, absorb constructive opinions in time, help those who are in difficulties in time,

29、publicize those who do not know the situations timely, clear up vague knowledge timely, resolve complaints and grievances in time and guide and correct their wrong views in time, but also cannot ask them to view all the issues so accurately and say so correctly under the background that the varied o

30、pinions and ideas are originated from their owned different experience from all walks of life and most of the netizens are from ordinary people.譯家深入翻譯解析要義：1）本大段，對 “我們” 提出了兩方面的 “要求”。即：第一，我們要多一些包容和耐心，對建設(shè)性意見要及時吸納，對困難(的人)要及時幫助，對不了解情況的要及時宣介，對模糊認(rèn)識要及時廓清，對怨氣怨言要及時化解，對錯誤看法要及時引導(dǎo)和糾正。第二，我們不能要求網(wǎng)民對所有問題都看得那么準(zhǔn)、說得那么對

31、。2） 結(jié)合我國的現(xiàn)實情況。即：網(wǎng)民大多數(shù)是普通群眾，來自各行各業(yè)(四面八方)，各自經(jīng)歷不同，觀點和想法肯定五花八門。本句的主干在于觀點和想法五花八門。其余成分則為圍繞主干而進(jìn)行的補充說明。3） 搞清楚句子成分，前后關(guān)系，那么文章的遣詞造句和整體操控將譯如反掌。最后，鑒于時間和精力關(guān)系，對Passage 2的真題不再進(jìn)行搶先試譯。對Catti二級英語實戰(zhàn)翻譯真題感興趣的人群，可及時參加由譯家舉行的Catti二級筆譯翻譯真題的輔導(dǎo)與培訓(xùn)方案。一站式地掌握Catti二級筆譯真題的翻譯精髓！2018-05英譯中Passage One: Near Cambodia's Temple Ruins

32、, a Devotion to Learning走進(jìn)破敗的柬埔寨廟宇，感受學(xué)習(xí)的熱情。Millions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins of Angkor Wat, an influx that has helped transform what once resembled a small, laid-back village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more than 10,000 hotel r

33、ooms.每年，都有數(shù)以百萬計的游客造訪吳哥窟，以觀賞當(dāng)?shù)毓爬系臍v史遺跡，而這個游客聚居之地，也一改往日偏僻村落的閑適之常態(tài)，一舉成為一座經(jīng)濟發(fā)展呈迅猛之勢的國際化城鎮(zhèn)。一萬間賓館客房拔地而起，賦予游客激情四射的夜生活。But the explosion of the tourism industry here has also done something less predictable. Siem Reap, which had no universities a decade ago, is now Cambodias second-largest hub for higher edu

34、cation, after the capital, Phnom Penh.但是，吳哥窟旅游業(yè)的爆棚式發(fā)展，也取得了某些意料之外的成果。十年前，暹粒還是一片學(xué)術(shù)的不毛之地，而今，暹粒已發(fā)展壯大成為柬埔寨第二大高等教育中心，高等院校規(guī)模僅次于首都金邊。The sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour guides, receptionists, bartenders and waitresses. When their shifts are over, they study finance

35、, English and accounting.來自貧困稻農(nóng)家的兒女們，一股腦地涌向暹粒。他們在這里要么做導(dǎo)游，要么從事接待工作；要么做調(diào)酒師，從事服務(wù)生的活計。每及輪班結(jié)束后，他們便會一頭扎進(jìn)金融、英語和會計的學(xué)習(xí)之中。The establishment of five private universities here is helping to transform the work force in this part of Cambodia. Employers say that English proficiency is rising and that workers who a

36、ttend universities stand out for their ability to express themselves and make decisions. A generation of students who would otherwise have had little hope to study beyond high school are enduring grueling schedules to get a degree and pursue their dreams.暹粒設(shè)立的五所私立大學(xué)，正為改觀當(dāng)?shù)氐膭趧尤丝谕撇ㄖ鸀?。老板們表示，員工的英語水平正在飛躍

37、，接受高等教育的員工能表達(dá)自己的意愿，然后作出相應(yīng)的決策，從而，也就容易在職場中脫穎而出。這一代學(xué)生本未對在高中畢業(yè)后繼續(xù)深造寄予厚望，而現(xiàn)在，他們正在努力地完成繁重的學(xué)業(yè)，以期獲得學(xué)位，追尋夢想。Khim Borin, a 26-year-old tour guide by day and law student by night, says he wants to become a lawyer. But he sometimes has trouble staying awake in class during the high tourist season, when he spend

38、s hours scaling vertiginous temple steps and baking in the tropical sun.時年26歲的金波林，白天做導(dǎo)游，晚上卻是一名主修法律的學(xué)生。波林聲稱，他夢想成為一名律師。然而，在旅游的旺季，他每天都要爬上那令人暈眩的神廟臺階，且還不得不在熱帶陽光的炙烤下暴曬數(shù)個小時，這不免讓他在晚間的課堂上心力交瘁。But the symbiosis of work and study here came together without any master plan.而在暹粒，工作與學(xué)習(xí)相得益彰，并無任何的總體規(guī)劃。It was driven

39、 largely by supply and demand: universities opened to cater to the dreams of Cambodias youth and offered flexible hours in sync with the rhythms of the tourist industry.供求關(guān)系是其中最主要的推動因素：開辦大學(xué)就是要為柬埔寨的年輕人實現(xiàn)夙愿，按照旅游業(yè)的工作節(jié)奏，靈活地設(shè)置學(xué)習(xí)課時。After graduation, students who work and study at the same time often have

40、an edge over fresh graduates who have never worked before, for whom starting a career can be difficult, Ms. Chan and others say. University students are “more communicative,” she said. “If they dont like something, they speak out.”陳女士和其他人皆表示，相較于那些沒有工作經(jīng)驗的應(yīng)屆生，半工半讀的學(xué)生往往在畢業(yè)后有著更大的優(yōu)勢，那些從未工作過的學(xué)生在其職業(yè)生涯的起始階段

41、總難免挫折。陳女士還認(rèn)為，“大學(xué)生與人交流起來更加坦率。對于不喜之事物，他們定會和盤托出。”Ms. Chan and others say they are lucky that Angkors temples have proved so popular with tourists. If it were not for the sandstone structures nestled in the jungles, Siem Reap would probably have remained a backwater. Last year, 3.3 million tourists visi

42、ted Siem Reap, half of them foreigners, according to the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism.陳女士等人還說，吳哥窟神廟能如此地備受游客追捧，那是多么地幸運倍至。若不是出于這片叢林里的砂巖建筑群，暹?？赡苋匀贿€是一個閉塞的小村落。據(jù)柬埔寨旅游部統(tǒng)計，去年共計有330萬游客造訪暹粒，而其中一半的游客為外來人士。英譯中Passage TwoFaculty shortage could thwart India's education dream師資短缺已成為印度教育夢的絆腳石本標(biāo)題的翻譯主要集中在對單詞thwa

43、rt的準(zhǔn)確釋義上。翻譯新手往往會字對字進(jìn)行翻譯，而且對thwart的理解偏頗。Could thwart說明了Faculty shortage對India's education dream的直接影響。所以，既要避免字對字，又要兼顧文采，還要譯文傳神。那我認(rèn)為可以拋開原文的語序限定，將thwart直接翻譯為絆腳石。從而，起到一箭三調(diào)的作用。At one of the better colleges in India's capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty members to sit and have a c

44、up of tea or grade papers. "If even half show up, there aren't enough chairs," said Amin, a history professor there. "There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?"瑪麗學(xué)院，作為印度首都新德里設(shè)施較好的學(xué)院之一，也只配備了一個大房間，以供140名教工集體休憩或閱卷?！凹幢阍摲块g只容留70名教職員工，那辦

45、公座椅也不夠用，”瑪麗學(xué)院的一位歷史學(xué)教授阿明如是說?！霸趧e無他處辦公的窘境下，教員們該怎么安心工作呀？”本段原文英語看似簡短、平淡，實則暗藏的語義內(nèi)容較為豐富。這就需要充分發(fā)揮漢語的優(yōu)勢，對原文進(jìn)行細(xì)致的解剖和深入的語言雕琢。首句：At one of the better colleges in India's capital, there is just one large room for 140 faculty members to sit and have a cup of tea or grade papers. 本段理解主要集中在單詞better，句子there is j

46、ust one large room和句子to sit and have a cup of tea的理解上。Better一定要翻譯出較好的意思，而且根據(jù)上下文，要在譯文進(jìn)行增譯處理。即：不僅僅要翻譯出較好，還得強調(diào)是設(shè)施較好。否則不但體現(xiàn)不出既定的語境，而且還會為下一句的遣詞造句之順利出場增加唐突性。句子there is just one large room的理解，一定要翻譯出僅僅/只配備有一個大房間。而句子to sit and have a cup of tea，其中的to sit可以翻譯為就坐，但這樣顯得譯文過于平淡，如果將就坐和喝茶一起來理解的話，無非就是休息或者休憩。所以，have

47、a cup of tea其實是可以做省譯處理。后句和尾句："If even half show up, there aren't enough chairs," said Amin, a history professor there. "There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?"這兩句在理解上，難度都不算大。但還是有一些需要注意的地方，比如history professor，千萬不能翻譯為歷史教授，正確的理解為歷

48、史學(xué)教授。而尾句"There is no other place to work. In this situation, how do you expect teachers to work?"鑒于語意的連貫性，可以將其一道整合起來理解，盡量避免字對字。The lack of amenities for faculty members is not the only issue. After 30 years at Mary College, which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi, Ms

49、. Amin makes the equivalent of$22,000 a year - less than half of what some of her better students will make in their first jobs. New opportunities offer not just more money for graduates but also mobility and flexibility, which are virtually unheard of for faculty at most of India's colleges and

50、 universities.然而，印度教育所面臨的問題不僅僅是教員設(shè)施的不足。盡管，阿明女士在貴為德里大學(xué)下設(shè)的其中之一所院校的瑪麗學(xué)院已執(zhí)教30載，但她的年薪只有22,000美元。這樣的薪資還不及她執(zhí)教過的那些得意門生們首份工作年薪的一半。新的機遇不僅僅為大學(xué)畢業(yè)生帶來了更為豐厚的經(jīng)濟回報，而且還為工作賦予了流動性和靈活性，而這些福利都是印度大學(xué)教員們聞所未聞的。本段原文英語依然延續(xù)了簡潔的表達(dá)文風(fēng)，將教員與大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的收入進(jìn)行了強烈的對比。故，在對本段漢語譯文的編織中，要尤其注意感情色彩的鋪陳和合理演繹。整句看似形容結(jié)構(gòu)很繁雜，其實主旨就一條，那就是印度教育所面臨的問題不僅僅是教員設(shè)施的不

51、足，還有收入回報懸殊的問題。本段幾乎無語言難點，全文只需要抓住After 30 years at Mary College, which is one of dozens administered by the University of Delhi這一句，并對其進(jìn)行合理的語言架構(gòu)，突出句子暗含的感情色彩。一定要翻譯出瑪麗學(xué)院貴為德里大學(xué)的下設(shè)院校，突出瑪麗學(xué)院的身份和優(yōu)越性，從而進(jìn)一步凸顯主人公阿明案例的代表性。把控好該段的核心要義，則整句的遣詞造句便是順理成章，水到渠成。All this means that India is facing a severe shortage of fac

52、ulty members. But it is not just low pay and lack of facilities that are being blamed. According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined with a poor supply of PhD's, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talen

53、t has led to a situation in which 40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant. The report's authors, mostly academics, found that if the shortfall is calculated using the class size recommended by the government, this figure jumps to 54 percent.諸此種種，無不意味著印度正遭遇著教工嚴(yán)重短缺的問題。但不能將其僅僅歸咎于薪資低廉

54、和設(shè)施匱乏。根據(jù)去年發(fā)布的一份政府報告，高等教育的大規(guī)模擴張，博士數(shù)量的供不應(yīng)求，加之招聘滯后與吸納和培養(yǎng)人才激勵措施的缺乏。這一切致使現(xiàn)有教職工崗位空缺率高達(dá)40。該份政府報告的作者大多從事學(xué)術(shù)研究，他們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果按照印度政府倡導(dǎo)的班級規(guī)模來計算話，則現(xiàn)有教職工崗位空缺率將驟增至54。本段雖然句子較為分散，但是語意很是連貫。詳細(xì)講述了造成師資短缺的根源。本段語言難點也較少，全文的難點在于According to a government report published last year, a massive expansion in higher education combined

55、 with a poor supply of PhD's, delays in recruitment and the lack of incentives to attract and nurture talent has led to a situation in which40 percent of existing faculty positions remain vacant對這個長句的理解上。鑒于該句修飾成分較多，翻譯的時候要拿捏好哪些是鋪墊成分，哪些是句子的主干，而哪些是從句。哪些是概括，哪些是解釋成分。搞清楚句子的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，本句的翻譯可謂峰回路轉(zhuǎn)，柳暗花明。學(xué)員可以根據(jù)

56、譯文，來揣度這其中的深意。Experts say this is the clearest sign that India will fail to meet the goal set by the education minister, who has pledged to more than double the size of the country's higher education system by 2020. They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy

57、 to develop faculty will ensure that India's education dream remains just that.專家們表示，這清晰地表明印度將難以實現(xiàn)其教育部長所設(shè)定的目標(biāo)，即承諾將在2020年前使印度高等教育學(xué)生的數(shù)量翻一番。專家們一致認(rèn)為，雖然這一雄心壯志值得嘉許，但由于缺乏培育教員的長期戰(zhàn)略，印度的教育夢也只能是空想。本段語言較為概括。本段語言難點也較少，難點在于對尾句They say that while the ambition is laudable, the absence of a long-term strategy to

58、 develop faculty will ensure that India's education dream remains just that的理解上。要揣摩句子間的情感轉(zhuǎn)折色彩，remains just that在此可理解為擱淺或者空想。Mr. Balakrishnan of Indian institute of technology in Delhi, meanwhile, was more optimistic. He felt India could enroll as much as 25 percent of eligible students in colleg

59、es and universities - about twice the current figure - by the end of this decade. "Tangible changes are happening," he said. "The debate that has happened in the last few years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is more consensus across the board that we need to scale

60、quality education."而位于德里的印度理工學(xué)院巴拉科瑞斯南先生則持更為樂觀的態(tài)度。他認(rèn)為，到2020年，印度屆時可從高等學(xué)府招募到25%的優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生作為高教職工。這個比率約為現(xiàn)今的兩倍?！罢鎸嵉淖兓谶M(jìn)行，”巴拉科瑞斯南先生如是說。“過去這幾年間喋喋不休的論辯結(jié)果就是人們已經(jīng)走出了安樂窩。普及素質(zhì)教育，已然成為所有人的共識。”本段應(yīng)該算整篇文章的壓軸段落。原文語言不僅精簡，而且晦澀難懂。還摻雜了一些不太常用的表達(dá)。讓人不得不佩服出題官的用心良苦。本段難點主要集中在詞組Comfort zones的準(zhǔn)確釋意和結(jié)尾兩句The debate that has happened in the last few years has taken people out of their comfort zones. There is