新概念英語第二冊筆記_第78課

1、Lesson 78 The last one?【Text】After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, m

2、y wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of thi

3、s I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once mor

4、e. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times!【課文翻譯】讀完一篇題為吸煙與健康的文章之后，我點上了一枝香煙，來鎮(zhèn)定一下自己緊張的神經。我聚精會神而又愉快地吸著這支煙。因為我確信這是我最后一枝煙了。 整整一個星期我根本沒有吸煙。在此期間，我妻子吃盡了苦頭。我具備了戒煙者通常表現(xiàn)出來的所有癥狀：脾氣暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友們不斷地向我遞香煙和雪茄。每當我從口袋里掏出一包糖果時，他們都毫不掩飾

5、地表現(xiàn)出他們對此感到非常好笑。這樣過了7天以后，我去參加一次聚會。我周圍的每個人都在吸煙，我感到非常不自在。當我的老朋友布賴恩極力勸我接受一枝香煙時，我再也忍不住了。我內疚地接過一枝點上，心滿意足地抽起來。一切又都恢復了正常，為此我妻子十分 高興。不管怎么說，正如布賴恩指出的那樣，戒煙是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了!New words and expressions 生詞和短語entitle v. 以.為名calm v. 使鎮(zhèn)定nerve n. 神經concentration n. 集中，專心suffer v. 受苦，受害symptom n. 癥狀temper n. 脾氣appe

6、tite n. 胃口，食欲produce v. 拿出urge v. 力勸，慫恿satisfaction n. 滿意，滿足delighted adj. 欣喜的【生詞講解】1. entitle 1) v. 以.為名；授權eg: If something entitles you to something, it gives you the official right to have or do it.eg: The novel is entitled Pride and Prejudice. 那本小說被命名為傲慢與偏見。eg: This license entitles you to sell

7、drug.這個執(zhí)照授權你可以賣藥。詞組拓展： be entitled to (do) sth. 對.享有權利, 值得; 有(做某事)的資格權利eg: Women employees are entitled to a maternity leave of three months.女性員工有權利休三個月的產假。記憶點撥：  en（動詞前綴，使）title（標題）（使有標題）2. calm 1) v. 使鎮(zhèn)定 eg: I gave the frightened child some candies to calm him.我給那個嚇壞了的小孩一些糖果使他安靜下來。adj. 平

8、靜的After a night of storm, the sea is now calm.一夜暴風雨過后，大?，F(xiàn)在很平靜。詞組拓展： keep calm保持鎮(zhèn)定calm down鎮(zhèn)定下來calm before the storm暴風雨前的平靜相關表達：   calmness n.平靜, 冷靜, 鎮(zhèn)靜詞義辨析：   calm, peaceful, quiet, still(1) calm (relaxed and quiet, not angry, nervous, or upset)主要用于氣候、海洋“風平浪靜的”，也可指人表示“安

9、靜的”、“鎮(zhèn)靜的”， eg: The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧蘭，海上風平浪靜。eg: Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice. 雖然她害怕，但還是用平靜的聲音回答。(2) Peaceful (a peaceful time, place, or situation is quiet and calm without any worry or excitement) 指“和平的”表示“沒有騷擾和戰(zhàn)爭的” a peaceful environment和平環(huán)境。(3) q

10、uiet (not making much noise, or making no noise at all)指“ 沒有吵鬧聲的”、“ 沒有噪音的”,它強調“聲音很低、很少” 或“全然無聲”eg: He had a quiet life 他過著寧靜的生活。(4) still (quiet and calm) 指“沒聲音的”、“沒動靜的”, the still hours before dawn黎明前的寂靜時刻。 3. nerve   n. 神經eg: the feeling of being nervous because you are worried or a litt

11、le frightenedeg: He was a bundle of nerves when making the speech.他在演講的時候緊張死了。eg: I drank a large glass of beer to calm my nerves. 我喝了一大杯啤酒來鎮(zhèn)定我的神經。詞組拓展：   get on sb's nerves使人心煩不安；使人心神不定strain every nerve竭盡全力相關表達： nervous adj. 神經緊張的，不安的4. concentration    n. 集中，專心eg

12、: I can hardly concentrate on reading with all that noise around. 周圍這么多噪音，我?guī)缀醪荒軐Ｐ淖x書。eg: The factory is concentrating on designing new products.工廠正集中經歷設計信產品。eg: Yoga is an exercise which can improves your powers of concentration.瑜伽是一種能提高注意力的運動。eg: As a simultaneous translator I must listen and transl

13、ate with great concentration.作為一個同聲傳譯工作者，我必須非常集中精神地聽和翻譯。相關表達：    concentrate v. 集中記憶點撥：     con（全部）centr（中心）ation（名詞后綴）（全部在中心）5. suffer         1) v. to experience physical or mental pain受苦，受害；eg: I have been suffering f

14、rom a bad headache. 我有嚴重的頭疼病。eg: My grandmather died suddenly and didnt suffer.我的奶奶突然就去世了，沒受什么痛苦。2) to be in a very bad situation that makes things very difficult for you 受損失eg: Many private businesses suffered a great loss during the recession.很多私有企業(yè)在經濟衰退時期受了很大損失。The enemy forces suffered heavy cas

15、ualties.敵方軍隊傷亡損失很大。詞義辨析:  bear，endure，stand，suffer，toleratebear (to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situation = stand)廣義的指容忍各種事情的能力eg: He can't bear people smoking while he's eating.他受不了別人在他吃飯的時候吸煙。Endure (to be in a difficult or painful situation for a lo

16、ng time without complaining)尤指長期面對痛苦、艱難的能力：eg: There are limits to what the human body can endure.人體的忍耐力是有限的stand(to be able to accept or deal well with a difficult situation = tolerate)指精神上堅毅，有決心：eg: The pain was too intense to stand. 痛苦強烈得無法承受。eg: Actors who can't stand criticism shouldn't

17、 perform in public.受不了批評的演員不應在公眾中演出。Suffer(to experience physical or mental pain) 指順從和克制eg: He suffered their insults in silence. 他默默忍受他們所施加的傷害。Tolerate(to be able to accept something unpleasant or difficult, even though you do not like it)主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含有盡管保留但勉強接受之意6. symptom    n.

18、 something wrong with your body or mind which shows that you have a particular illness癥狀；a sign that a serious problem exists征兆eg: Symptoms include headaches and fever.癥狀包括頭疼和發(fā)燒。eg: Cough is one of the symptoms of having pneumonia.咳嗽是肺炎的癥狀之一。eg: After studying his symptoms, the doctor diagnosed he h

19、ad got a fever. 在研究他的癥狀之后，醫(yī)生診斷他發(fā)燒了。eg: The strike is a symptom of the declination of economy. 這次罷工是經濟衰退的征兆。eg: The crime rate is a symptom of social unrest. 犯罪率是社會不安定的征兆。7. temper  n. a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily脾氣eg: He lost his temper when he saw his roommate using his toothb

20、rush.當他看到同屋正在用他的牙刷時他大發(fā)脾氣。eg: If he cant learn how to control his temper, he will lost his job.如果他不能學會控制他的脾氣，他就會失去工作。詞組拓展：    keep one's temper忍住氣；不發(fā)火 lose one's temper發(fā)火；生氣 out of temper發(fā)火；動怒相關表達：    good-tempered adj.好脾氣的 bad-tempered adj.壞脾氣的 ill-tempered壞脾氣的

21、even-tempered好脾氣的 temperament n.氣質，性格a nervous temperament易緊張的性格8. appetite      n. 胃口，食欲     eg: Too much ice cream spoiled my appetite. 吃了太多冰激凌讓我都沒胃口了。     eg: Swimming gives me a great appetite.  游泳讓我胃口大增。 詞組拓展：lose/have/s

22、poil/give appetite 失去食欲，有食欲，破壞食欲，促進食欲 諺語：      Appetite comes with eating. 諺胃口越吃越大(貪得無厭)。 A good appetite is a good sauce. 諺饑不擇食。9. produce  1)  v. to show, bring out, or offer something so it can be seen or considered拿出；生產；eg: The old man produced his passpor

23、t to the officer with trembling hands.老人用顫抖的雙手把護照拿給長官看。eg: If you can not produce more evidence, you will be sentenced to death.如果你不能拿出更多的證據你就會被判死刑。eg: Grapes produced in this farm are mainly used to make wine.這個農場產出的葡萄主要用于造酒。相關表達：     product n.產品，產物 production n.生產  &

24、#160;         10. urge  v. to strongly advise someone to do something力勸，慫恿；n. 強烈欲望eg: Jack urged me to resign and start my own business. JACK慫恿我辭職自己創(chuàng)業(yè)。 eg: I urged that you consider this decision carefully. 我勸你仔細考慮這個決定。 eg: I felt a sudden

25、urge to smoke.我有強烈的想吸煙的欲望。相關表達：     urgent adj.急迫的，緊張的11. satisfaction      n. a feeling of happiness or pleasure because you have achieved something or got what you wanted滿意，滿足eg: She got great satisfaction from helping others.她從幫助別人的過程中得到很大的滿足感。eg: He l

26、ooked at his painting with a smile of satisfaction.他看著他的畫，露出滿意的微笑。相關表達： satisfy v.使?jié)M意 satisfactory adj.令人滿意的 satisfied adj.感到滿意的               dissatisfaction n.不滿12. delighted    adj. very pleased and happy 欣喜的eg:

27、We are delighted that the president will be watching our performance.總統(tǒng)將要觀看我們的演出，我們很高興。eg: We are delighted to know our best friend had a lovely baby. 我們欣喜的得知我們最好的朋友生了一個可愛的孩子。eg: Jone was delighted when she received the admissions letter from Harward University. 接到哈佛大學的錄取通知書時非常高興。相關表達：  &#

28、160; delight n. 欣喜詞義辨析：     pleasure delight joy都含“快樂”、“愉快” 的意思。pleasure （the feeling of happiness, enjoyment, or satisfaction that you get from an experience）是常用詞, 指“以任何形式表現(xiàn)出的或默默的快樂與滿足” eg: It's my pleasure to help you. 幫助你是我的快樂。delight（a feeling of great pleasure and satisf

29、action）語意比pleasure 強, 指“極大的快樂”, 尤指“以一種活潑的態(tài)度表現(xiàn)出來的快樂”, eg: The child clapped his hands in delight. 那孩子高興得拍起手來。joy （great happiness and pleasure）指“高興地表現(xiàn)出來的更強烈的快樂和愉快的情緒”, eg: Success brought her great joy. 成功給她帶來極大的快樂。記憶點撥： delight（欣喜）ed（過去分詞構成的形容詞）【課文講解】1. After reading an article entitled ' C

30、igarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves.entitled ' Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' entitled 是過去分詞，整個過去分詞短語作定語修飾 an article 意思是一篇健康與吸煙的文章to calm my nerves 來鎮(zhèn)定我緊張的神經（動詞不定式做目的狀語），我點燃香煙目的是鎮(zhèn)定我緊張的神經lit v 點燃（light的過去式及過去分詞）light 1) v 點火，著火eg: He lit up a cigaret

31、te.他點著香煙。2) v （使）供給光線，照亮eg: We lit a candle and the candle lit the room.我們點燃蠟燭，蠟燭照亮了房間。3) v （使）容光煥發(fā)eg: Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face. 突然微笑是她的臉亮了起來。light的過去分詞及過去式有2種，light-lit-lit; light-lighted-lighted,區(qū)別在于：* lit通常做謂語動詞eg: The match is lit. 火柴被點燃了。* lighted通常做定語，當做形容詞來使用時放在名詞之前。a lighted match

32、被點燃過的火柴4) n 光sunlight 陽光firelight 火光5) n 引火物eg: Can you give me a light, please? 能借個火嗎？6) n 光線eg: I cant read while you are standing in my light. 你擋住我的光線了，我沒法看書。come to light/bring to light （漸）為人所知之狀態(tài)in the light of 從觀點看according to ones lights 按照個人之見識throw light on/ shed light on 使明白，解釋7) adj 輕的as

33、light as air 毫無重量（輕的像空氣）as light as a feather 輕如鴻毛（想羽毛一樣輕）8) adj 少量的，教往?；蝾A期少的a light crop of wheat 小麥的收成不佳9) adj (指睡眠)淺睡的，睡不沉的， 反義詞（sound)a light sleeper 淺睡的人10) adj (動作或做動作的人)輕快的，靈活的a light dancer 快的舞者2.  I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigaret

34、te.be sure that(從句) 表示對某事確信as 因為eg: She stayed at home as she had no car. 因為沒有車她呆在家里。eg: He saw her, as they were both getting off the bus at the same time .因為他們同時下的公交車，所以他看見她了cigarette n 香煙，紙煙cigar n 雪茄cigarette case 香煙盒cigarette holder 煙嘴cigarette lighter 打火機3. For a whole week, I did not smoke at

35、 all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly.notat all 根本不during this time 在此期間suffer v 遭罪，吃盡苦頭terribly 1) adv 很糟糕（very badly)eg: She suffered terribly when her son was killed她兒子的被殺讓她痛苦極了。2） （口）非常，很not a terribly good film 不特別好的電影eg： I am terribly sorry. 我非常抱歉。4. I had all the usual symptoms

36、 of someone giving smoking. : a bad temper and an enormous appetite.give up smoking someone giving up smoking是個獨立主格結構，做of的賓語；其中someone是邏輯主語，giving up smoking 是 邏輯謂語。獨立主格： 一名詞或代詞和另一成分構成的復合結構，稱為獨立結構，常用于描繪性文字中，使其更生動。eg：John being away, Henry had to do the work. John走了， Henry不得不做這份工作。 （后半句是個完整的句子， 前半句是個

37、獨立的結構，John是邏輯主語，being away是邏輯謂語）eg： He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. 他平躺著，頭枕著雙手。（句子主干是he lay on his back, 他平躺著，那么怎樣平躺著呢？雙手交叉在頭下；獨立結構中，his hands作為邏輯主語，crossed作為邏輯謂語）eg：He entered the room, his nose red with cold. 他進入房間，鼻子凍得通紅。 （主干是he entered the room, 獨立結構是his nose red with cold)

38、an enormous appetite 旺盛的食欲5. My friends kept on offering me cigarette and cigars.keep on doing sth 持續(xù)不斷做 （keep表示保持某種狀態(tài)）eg: She kept on studying. 她繼續(xù)學習。（無間斷的）eg: Please keep off the grass.= Do not walk on it.請勿踐踏草坪（keep off 遠離）eg: He kept away from the party.= He did not come. 他沒有來這個party (keep away避

39、開）eg: Under my essay, the teacher wrote: " Good work! Keep it up!"(keep sth up= continue making an effort 堅持做某 事，繼續(xù)努力）eg: He ran so fast, I could not keep up with him.= I could not remain beside him.(keep up with sb 跟上某人，趕上某人)eg: A big notice on the door said, 'keep out!'門上貼了個醒目的告示

40、，切勿入內！(keep put= do not come in 切勿入內）eg: The cat was kept in during the fireworks.= It was made to stay indoors. 放煙火時貓被關在屋子里（be keep in 關在某處）eg: Keep your shirt!= Dont worry. keep calm.別擔心，放松。keep a secret 保守秘密keep hens 養(yǎng)母雞keep chickens 養(yǎng)雞keep cows 養(yǎng)牛eg: He needs more money to keep his wife and chil

41、dren. 他需要更多的錢去照顧妻子和孩子（keep= take care of 照 顧，照料)eg: They keep a shop. 他們經營一家商店。eg: They keep a small hotel. 他們經營一家小旅館。keep sb from doing sth 阻止（某人）做某事keep in touch 保持聯(lián)系offer v 給予（后面加雙賓語）offer sb sth =offer sth to sb 給予某人某物6. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of

42、 sweets from my pocket. make no effort to do sth 根本不作努力make an effort 努力eg: The prisoner made an effort to escape, but he couldnt climb the prison wall. 這個囚犯努力想逃跑，但是他沒能爬過監(jiān)獄的墻。hide 1) v 隱藏，藏eg: You are hiding some important facts. 你隱瞞了一些重要的事實。eg: Dont hide your feelings; say what you think. 不要隱瞞你的感情，

43、說出你的想法。2) v 躲藏eg: I will hide behind the door. 我將藏身于門后。區(qū)別： cover v 遮蓋，隱蔽eg： The noise was so loud that she covered her ears with her hands. 噪音太大了，以至于他用手遮住耳朵。（so that 太以至于)sweet n 糖果 candy （美）糖果pudding n 補?。ㄒ环N甜點心）dessert n 餐后的甜點my sweet= honey, baby 稱呼心上人的用語7. After seven days of this I went to a par

44、ty. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. extremely uncomfortable 非常不自在extremely adv 極度地，極端地，非常地extremely hot 非常地熱 extremely angry 極度地生氣 extremely heavy 格外地沉 extremely sorry 極度地抱歉8. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.

45、urge sb to do sth 勸說某人做某事eg: It was more than I could bear.= I could not bear it any more. 我再也忍不住了。more than 萬分，非常 eg: We were more than happy to hear of your escape! 我們聽到你逃了出來高興的無以名狀！more than 與其說不如說eg: He is more mad than stupid. 與其說他很笨，不如說他瘋了。no morethan 與一樣，同樣不（雙重否定）eg: Hes no more fit to be a m

46、inister than a schoolboy would be.一個學童固然不宜當部長，他同樣不宜。9. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that thing had returned to normal once more.guiltily adv 內疚地be delighted that （從句）被（某事）感到高興return to 恢復，返回return to London 返回倫敦return from work 下班回來return sth 歸還（某物）

47、eg: Dont forget to return my keys. 別忘了還我鑰匙。return n 回程return journey 回程the return of the books 歸還的書the return of spring 春回大地once more= once again 又一次，再一次10. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. as 正像，正如anyway= anyhow 無論如何eg: He may not like my visit,

48、 but I shall go and see him anyway/ anyhow. 他可能不喜歡我的到訪，但無論如何，我還是會去看他的。point out 指出,把注意力引向eg: He pointed her out to me . 他把她的注意力引向我。eg: May I point out that if we dont leave now we shall miss the bus. 我想指出，假如我們現(xiàn)在不離開的話， 我們將錯過公共汽車。point of view 觀點pointed 1) adj 尖的long pointed fingernails 長長的，尖尖的手指甲2) a

49、dj 直截了當?shù)模?不客氣的eg She looked in a pointed manner at the clock and I understood that it was time to leave. 他不客氣的看了看表，我 明白該走了。give up doing放棄做某事give up fishing 放棄釣魚 give up fighting 放棄斗爭11. He himself has done it lots of times. he himself 他自己 have done it= has given up smoking9. make no effort to do st

50、h10. feel uncomfortable11. urge sb to do sth12. more than I can bear13. be delighted that14. return to normal15. point out【關鍵詞組摘錄】1. be entitled to do 2. calm my nerves3. be sure that4. not at all5. suffer terribly6. give up doing sth7. a bad temper and an enormous appetite8. offer sb sth【Special di

51、fficulties】與 keep 有關的短語動詞： keep on +doing sth.反復，持續(xù)eg: My friends kept on offering me cigarettes.eg: He kept on saying that he was tired. 他不斷地說他累了。 keep off不靠近，從離開eg: Keep off the flower bed. 請勿進入花壇。eg: Keep your hands off the food.別動吃的東西。 keep away from（使）不靠近，避開eg: Why do you always keep away from

52、me? 你為什么總躲著我？eg: Keep the children away from the river. 別讓孩子們去河邊。 keep it up不松勁，保持成績，繼續(xù)下去eg: You've made much progress. Keep it up! 你已取得了很大進步。繼續(xù)努力！eg: If you keep it up, you'll be able to set up a new world record.你如果保持下去不松勁，你就能創(chuàng)一項新的世界紀錄。keep up with跟上，不落在后面eg: Although he walked as fast as he could, he still couldn't keep up with his father.雖然他盡快走，但他仍跟不上他父親。eg: In order to keep up with his classmates, he worked harder than ever.