研究生英語綜合教程UnitPPT學習教案

1、會計學1研究生英語綜合教程研究生英語綜合教程UnitUnit 7 Exploring Human Nature 第1頁/共67頁第2頁/共67頁第3頁/共67頁Reference:Animal instinct is ruled by desires, emotions and needs that have to be fulfilled regardless of the time and place. While human nature, which is also driven by those needs, emotions and desires, is mostly contr

2、olled by brain, which is related to logic, morals, backgrounds, religions, etc. When control is not present, our nature is basically nothing but animal instinct.第4頁/共67頁第5頁/共67頁第6頁/共67頁Task 3Read the following story about Jimmy and discuss with your partner the questions that follow the story. (P192

3、)Questions for discussion:1. What made Jimmy become a thief before his arrest? 2. Was it his destiny, his nature, his life experience, living environment or something else that shaped his behavior? 第7頁/共67頁Sad MoviesListen to “Sad Movies”, a song which tells a sentimental story, and do the following

4、 tasks:1. Complete the lyrics by filling in the blanks with missing words; 2. Describe the characters of “I”, “my darling” and “my best friend”; 3. Tell which of these characters are universal to human beings, or in other words, are in the nature of all human beings.第8頁/共67頁 Sad Movies Sad movies al

5、ways make me cryHe said he had to work so I went to the _ aloneThey turned down the _ and turned the projector onAnd just as the news of the world started to begin I saw my darling and my best friend _ in_ I was sitting there they didnt see And so they sat right down in front of me When he kissed he

6、r lips I almost _ And in the middle of the color _ I started to cry Oh-oh-oh sa-a-a-d movies always make me cry Oh-oh-oh sa-a-a-d movies always make me cry showlightswalkThoughdiedcartoon第9頁/共67頁And so I _ up and slowly walked on home And mama saw the _ and said, Whats wrong? And so to keep from tel

7、ling her a _ I just said sa-a-a-d movies make me cry Oh-oh-oh sa-a-a-d movies always make me cry Oh-oh-oh sa-a-a-d movies always make me cry Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh Ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh Sa-a-a-d movies make me crygottearslie第10頁/共67頁第11頁/共67頁 Global Understanding 2Detailed Information3Critical Thinkin

8、g4Language Points5Vocabulary in Action6Background Information1第12頁/共67頁第13頁/共67頁Global Understanding1Introduction2Body3Conclusion(Para. 1)(Paras. 2-9)(Para. 10)第14頁/共67頁_Global UnderstandingHuman nature is the basis of character, the temperament and disposition; it is that indestructiblematrix upon

9、which the character is built, and whoseshape it must take and keep throughout life.第15頁/共67頁_H. Mans inherent goodness is revealed by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice. Global Understanding_ of human natureA. The basic nature of human beings does not and cannot change.B. No

10、one wishes his nature to change.C. Human nature is ever true to itself, not to systems of faith or education.D. The constancy of human nature is proverbial.E. Human nature can be studied, controlled and directed.F. Mans spirit is perfect, only the personality and the physical body G. Mans majesty an

11、d nobility are taken for granted. Only behaviorsbecome imperfect.deviated from the normal attract attention.Characteristics第16頁/共67頁_ Global Understandingonly endeavor to understand man as he is. Human nature does not and cannot change; we can第17頁/共67頁Key: 2 3 4 5 16 7 8 ADCCDBBADetailed Information

12、第18頁/共67頁Critical ThinkingReading Focus第19頁/共67頁The following are two sentences from the text (P200): 1. The constancy of human nature is proverbial, as no one believes that a man can fundamentally change his nature.2. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in antiquity wer

13、e moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions, and had the same aspirations as the men and women of today.Reading FocusCritical ThinkingStep One Interpret the sentences in your own words and tell your partner whether you agree with the author or not. Give specific examples

14、 to support your opinions. 第20頁/共67頁Step TwoDiscuss in groups the following questions (P200):Reading FocusCritical Thinking1. As far as schools are concerned, what do you think they can do to make human nature closer to perfection?2. According to the author, we can try to understand human nature. Ho

15、w do you think we can do this? 第21頁/共67頁Language Point As far as Americans are concernedAs far as Im concerned第22頁/共67頁as far as sth. be concerned or where sth. is concerned: under the circumstances that concern sth. e.g. 1) As far as traffic is concerned, there are no delays at the moment. 2) Where

16、 work is concerned, I always try to do my best.翻譯：每個人都把自己看成是獨特個體，而且，就他 而言，他就是宇宙的中心，有別于其他任何人。Language Point 第23頁/共67頁Language Point 第24頁/共67頁Language Point 第25頁/共67頁mistake for : to wrongly think that someone or something is someone or something elsee.g. 1) A woman mistook him for a well-known actor,

17、 and asked him for his autograph. 2) The doctor mistook the symptoms for blood poisoning.took/mistookformistake/takefor/to betookfortakeforLanguage Point 辨析: mistake for 和 take . for/to be. I _ him _ his brother. They are extremely alike. Did you _ the margarine _ butter? We _ him _ a coward, but we

18、 soon found out our mistake. Do you _ me _ a fool?第26頁/共67頁3. No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events and fit them into the mosaic of his own lifes pattern. (Para. 4) fit into 1) to be part of a group or systeme.g. 1) Most film loca

19、tions broadly fit into two categories; those on private property and those in a public place. 2) Unless the item is a very short one, I am afraid we can not fit it into the programme.2) to be accepted by the people in a group or organizatione.g. She fitted into the team very well.翻譯: 兩個人從相同的經(jīng)歷中不會得出相

20、同的結(jié)論，但是兩 個人會各自分析這些事件并將它們?nèi)诤系阶约贺S富的 生活模式中去。Language Point 第27頁/共67頁Language Point 第28頁/共67頁Language Point 第29頁/共67頁Do you still _ your intention of going to Australia?Whatever your argument, I still _ my decision.The soldiers _ the bridge for three more days.I think I will _ these old records for now.

21、hold tohold toheld on tohold on toLanguage Point hold to vs. hold on to第30頁/共67頁Language Point 第31頁/共67頁 Other negatives that require partial inversion when they begina sentence as an adverbial element include: never seldom rarely nowhere little barelywhen scarcelywhen not till hardly when(before )

22、no sooner than under/in no circumstances in no way in no case on no account by no means not a single worde.g.Rarely _ (我看到過) such a beautiful sunset.In no case _ (你可以離開) the post.By no means_ (應該讓他單獨呆著).No sooner _ (他去睡覺) than the telephone rang once more.have I seenare you to leaveshould he be left

23、 alonehad he gone to sleepLanguage Point 第32頁/共67頁 代詞 one 在這里替代的是上文提到的“a liar, coward or traitor ”。One 當代詞替代剛提到的可數(shù)名詞的用法還有： I want a photograph of you-would you give me one? My shoes are similar to the ones you had on yesterday. The first question is one which Jason has anticipated.Notes:one 可以替代中心詞為

24、可數(shù)名詞的名詞短語，中心詞為不可數(shù)名詞的話，用some 來代替。 e.g. If you want a drink, Ill get you one. Shall I pass the butter? Or have you got some already?Language Point 第33頁/共67頁當中心詞為復數(shù)名詞，前面無形容詞等修飾語限定，只具有泛指意義時，要用some不能用ones。 e.g. If you like grapes, I will get you some.如果可數(shù)名詞前面有形容詞等修飾語限定，用ones.e.g. At home in the United St

25、ates his responses would have been normal ones.Language Point 第34頁/共67頁Language Point 第35頁/共67頁take on 1) to begin to have a particular quality of appearancee.g. Her face took on a fierce expression. After the students put up christmas decorations, the classroom took on a holiday appearance.2) to st

26、art to employ someonee.g. Is the supermarket taking on any more assistants?3) to agree to do work or be responsible for somethinge.g. Dont take on too much work-the extra cash isnt worth it.Language Point 第36頁/共67頁Language Point Paraphrase:Human beings are undoubtedly seen as great and noble by natu

27、re, although their bad behaviors often remind us that they are imperfect and have weaknesses. 第37頁/共67頁take sth./sb.for granted : 1) to expect that someone or something will always be there when you need them and never think how important or useful they aree.g. People took electricity for granted un

28、til their supply is cut off.She knew that she was in danger of taking him too much for granted.2) believe that something is true without making suree.g. He just took it for granted that he would pass the exam.Mr. Harper took for granted that the invitation included his wife.Language Point 第38頁/共67頁L

29、anguage Point Paraphrase Everyday people read from newspapers or magzines of the stories of how men save others at the risk of losing their own lives.第39頁/共67頁Language Point 第40頁/共67頁Task 1Choose the answer that best explains the underlined word or phrase in the sentence. (P201)Vocabulary in Action

30、Key:1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-ACBB C ABCAC第41頁/共67頁Task 2Form new words by combining affixes and the root words given in the box, then choose a word in its appropriate form to complete each of the sentences below. (P202)Vocabulary in Action in- un- mis- de- im- -tion -or -ible -ar -ee -ness dis-

31、 -er -st -al -ly -ment -ially -ial -inal -ation -ist -ablepart _ _fold _selfish/ selfish_ _perfect employ_ proverb_ refine_ _destr _ crim _ _take alter _ li_consider_ trait_ philanthrop_iallyununness imee ment uctibleialininalmisationarableorist 第42頁/共67頁Task 2Vocabulary in Action indestructible mis

32、tookunselfishnessimperfectalterationtraitor第43頁/共67頁Vocabulary in Action considerableliaremployeesunfoldsrefinementphilanthropistcriminalpartially proverbial第44頁/共67頁Task 3Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English. Try to use the expressions you have learne

33、d from the text. (P203)Vocabulary in Action So far as Im concernedendeavor to measurewhether predetermined goals are being achievedhas been engrossed in conversation withall nightdraw conclusions from the results ofa single survey第45頁/共67頁Vocabulary in Action did she tell him about the attackas we h

34、ad seenthat he had had a family himselfthe problems you mention are inherent in the system young people conscientious in their work/young people who are conscientious in theirdeviated from her customHe had no friends nor acquaintances第46頁/共67頁 If you follow that course of action, it will be _ _ (冒著喪

35、失自己生命的危險).13. His life had _ (呈現(xiàn)出一片新面貌).14. Im perfectly _ (能夠照顧我自 己), thank you.15. The furniture is made _ _ (和200年前幾乎一樣的式樣).16. The lifeboat was sent out to _ _ (拯救沉船上的海員).17. _ (葡萄牙參加了戰(zhàn)爭) by sending an army to France.18. The difficulty is _ (由于我們的無知造 成的).Vocabulary in Action taken on a new dimen

36、sioncapable of looking after myselfin much the same way as it was 200years agorescue the sailors from thesinking shipPortugal participated in the wardue to our ignorance at the peril of your own life / at your own peril第47頁/共67頁第48頁/共67頁 對不同類別的修辭格主要有三種翻譯方法：1.直譯法：保留原文句子結(jié)構(gòu)和修辭，努力再現(xiàn)其形、內(nèi)容和風格。英漢語言中有對應修辭格的

37、辭格（如明喻、暗喻、擬人、夸張、轉(zhuǎn)喻、反語、設問、反問、排比等），一般通過直譯法處理。2.意譯法：為了傳達原文的確切含義，舍棄原文辭格的形式，從而使譯文自然貼切，具有較強的可讀性。若找到相似的修辭方式，也要認真加工以增強譯文的表達效果。對偶、擬聲、腳韻、雙關(guān)、反復等修辭，常采用意譯的處理方法。3.彌補法：對無法翻譯的辭格（如頭韻、聯(lián)邊、回文、鑲字、仿詞等），可根據(jù)不同的語境采用不同的策略；內(nèi)容重要非譯不可的可通過換格、加重語氣、加上腳注等辦法補救；與原作思想力度和情節(jié)發(fā)展無重大關(guān)系的修辭格，干脆不譯。第49頁/共67頁 原文使用的暗喻，在譯文中被完全直譯，結(jié)構(gòu)，形象，意義都得以保留。這是美國B

38、etty Croker食品公司宣傳其產(chǎn)品之一發(fā)糕的廣告語，旨在表明內(nèi)容的實在，分量的充足，營養(yǎng)的豐富。原文用了諧音雙關(guān)的修辭格，即carrots（胡蘿卜）和Croat（克拉）同音異義。 譯文將carrots處理成“克拉”從而與下半句中的“寶石”意思連貫，原意“胡蘿卜”以加注的形式體現(xiàn)出來。第50頁/共67頁通過直譯原文由一連串短句組成的排比，譯文條理清晰，語勢如瀑。擬人用法 “in its infancy” 譯成“剛剛起步”，意思和修辭格得以保留，比直譯“尚處在嬰兒期”更符合漢語表達習慣。第51頁/共67頁rise from the ashes指的是鳳凰每五百年積木焚身，從灰燼中獲得新生，要在譯文中體現(xiàn)這一典故顯然太過復雜。譯文干脆舍去鳳凰焚身的形象，意譯為東山再起。英語辭格押頭韻的手法歷來被認為是很難譯的，漢語表達的疊音詞瑯瑯上口，較好地彌補了原文的音韻美，又為意境的營造推波助瀾，一定程度上保留了形和聲兩方面的